cmd/tailscale: add basic support for admin subcommand

The admin subcommand is a thin wrapper over the REST API.
It (hopefully) makes administration of tailnets easier
than vanilla curl.

Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -2,36 +2,7 @@
 name: Bug report
 about: Create a bug report
 title: ''
-labels: ''
+labels: 'needs-triage'
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
-
-<!-- Please note, this template is for definite bugs, not requests for
-support. If you need help with Tailscale, please email
-support@tailscale.com. We don't provide support via Github issues. -->
-
-**Describe the bug**
-A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
-
-**To Reproduce**
-Steps to reproduce the behavior:
-1. Go to '...'
-2. Click on '....'
-3. Scroll down to '....'
-4. See error
-
-**Expected behavior**
-A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
-
-**Screenshots**
-If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
-
-**Version information:**
- - Device: [e.g. iPhone X, laptop]
- - OS: [e.g. Windows, MacOS]
- - OS version: [e.g. Windows 10, Ubuntu 18.04]
- - Tailscale version: [e.g. 0.95-0]
-
-**Additional context**
-Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -2,25 +2,6 @@
 name: Feature request
 about: Suggest an idea for this project
 title: ''
-labels: ''
+labels: 'needs-triage'
 assignees: ''
-
 ---
-
-**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
-
-A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always
-frustrated when [...]
-
-**Describe the solution you'd like**
-
-A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
-
-**Describe alternatives you've considered**
-
-A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or
-features you've considered.
-
-**Additional context**
-
-Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.

.github/workflows/go_generate.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: go generate
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - "release-branch/*"
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - "*"
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v1
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.16
+
+      - name: Check out code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: check 'go generate' is clean
+        run: |
+          mkdir gentools
+          go build -o gentools/stringer golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer
+          PATH="$PATH:$(pwd)/gentools" go generate ./...
+          echo
+          echo
+          git diff --name-only --exit-code || (echo "The files above need updating. Please run 'go generate'."; exit 1)

.github/workflows/xe-experimental-vm-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+name: "integration-vms"
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "tstest/integration/vms/**"
+  release:
+    types: [ created ]
+
+jobs:
+  experimental-linux-vm-test:
+    # To set up a new runner, see tstest/integration/vms/runner.nix
+    runs-on: [ self-hosted, linux, vm_integration_test ]
+
+    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]')"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+      - name: Download VM Images
+        run: go test ./tstest/integration/vms -run-vm-tests -run=Download -timeout=60m -no-s3
+        env:
+          XDG_CACHE_HOME: "/var/lib/ghrunner/cache"
+
+      - name: Run VM tests
+        run: go test ./tstest/integration/vms -v -run-vm-tests
+        env:
+          TMPDIR: "/tmp"
+          XDG_CACHE_HOME: "/var/lib/ghrunner/cache"
+
+      - uses: k0kubun/action-slack@v2.0.0
+        with:
+          payload: |
+            {
+              "attachments": [{
+                "text": "${{ job.status }}: ${{ github.workflow }} <https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/commit/${{ github.sha }}/checks|${{ env.COMMIT_DATE }} #${{ env.COMMIT_NUMBER_OF_DAY }}> " +
+                        "(<https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/commit/${{ github.sha }}|" + "${{ github.sha }}".substring(0, 10) + ">) " +
+                        "of ${{ github.repository }}@" + "${{ github.ref }}".split('/').reverse()[0] + " by ${{ github.event.head_commit.committer.name }}",
+                "color": "danger"
+              }]
+            }
+        env:
+          SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL }}
+        if: failure() && github.event_name == 'push'

Dockerfile

@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ FROM golang:1.16-alpine AS build-env
 
 WORKDIR /go/src/tailscale
 
-COPY go.mod .
-COPY go.sum .
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download
 
 COPY . .

VERSION.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.7.0
+1.13.0

api.md

@@ -471,15 +471,16 @@ Determines what rules match for a user on an ACL without saving the ACL to the s
 ##### Parameters
 
 ###### Query Parameters
-`user` - A user's email. The provided ACL is queried with this user to determine which rules match.
+`type` - can be 'user' or 'ipport'
+`previewFor` - if type=user, a user's email. If type=ipport, a IP address + port like "10.0.0.1:80".
+The provided ACL is queried with this paramater to determine which rules match.
 
 ###### POST Body
 ACL JSON or HuJSON (see https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls)
 
 ##### Example
 ```
-POST /api/v2/tailnet/example.com/acl/preiew
-curl 'https://api.tailscale.com/api/v2/tailnet/example.com/acl?user=user1@example.com' \
+curl 'https://api.tailscale.com/api/v2/tailnet/example.com/acl/preview?previewFor=user1@example.com&type=user' \
   -u "tskey-yourapikey123:" \
   --data-binary '// Example/default ACLs for unrestricted connections.
 {

build_dist.sh

@@ -11,6 +11,36 @@
 
 set -eu
 
-eval $(./version/version.sh)
+IFS=".$IFS" read -r major minor patch <VERSION.txt
+git_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+if ! git diff-index --quiet HEAD; then
+	git_hash="${git_hash}-dirty"
+fi
+base_hash=$(git rev-list --max-count=1 HEAD -- VERSION.txt)
+change_count=$(git rev-list --count HEAD "^$base_hash")
+short_hash=$(echo "$git_hash" | cut -c1-9)
 
-exec go build -tags xversion -ldflags "-X tailscale.com/version.Long=${VERSION_LONG} -X tailscale.com/version.Short=${VERSION_SHORT} -X tailscale.com/version.GitCommit=${VERSION_GIT_HASH}" "$@"
+if expr "$minor" : "[0-9]*[13579]$" >/dev/null; then
+	patch="$change_count"
+	change_suffix=""
+elif [ "$change_count" != "0" ]; then
+	change_suffix="-$change_count"
+else
+	change_suffix=""
+fi
+
+long_suffix="$change_suffix-t$short_hash"
+SHORT="$major.$minor.$patch"
+LONG="${SHORT}$long_suffix"
+GIT_HASH="$git_hash"
+
+if [ "$1" = "shellvars" ]; then
+	cat <<EOF
+VERSION_SHORT="$SHORT"
+VERSION_LONG="$LONG"
+VERSION_GIT_HASH="$GIT_HASH"
+EOF
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+exec go build -ldflags "-X tailscale.com/version.Long=${LONG} -X tailscale.com/version.Short=${SHORT} -X tailscale.com/version.GitCommit=${GIT_HASH}" "$@"

build_docker.sh

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 set -eu
 
-eval $(./version/version.sh)
+eval $(./build_dist.sh shellvars)
 
 docker build \
   --build-arg VERSION_LONG=$VERSION_LONG \

client/tailscale/tailscale.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/ipn/ipnstate"
 	"tailscale.com/paths"
 	"tailscale.com/safesocket"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 )
 
 // TailscaledSocket is the tailscaled Unix socket.
@@ -256,3 +257,39 @@ func Logout(ctx context.Context) error {
 	_, err := send(ctx, "POST", "/localapi/v0/logout", http.StatusNoContent, nil)
 	return err
 }
+
+// SetDNS adds a DNS TXT record for the given domain name, containing
+// the provided TXT value. The intended use case is answering
+// LetsEncrypt/ACME dns-01 challenges.
+//
+// The control plane will only permit SetDNS requests with very
+// specific names and values. The name should be
+// "_acme-challenge." + your node's MagicDNS name. It's expected that
+// clients cache the certs from LetsEncrypt (or whichever CA is
+// providing them) and only request new ones as needed; the control plane
+// rate limits SetDNS requests.
+//
+// This is a low-level interface; it's expected that most Tailscale
+// users use a higher level interface to getting/using TLS
+// certificates.
+func SetDNS(ctx context.Context, name, value string) error {
+	v := url.Values{}
+	v.Set("name", name)
+	v.Set("value", value)
+	_, err := send(ctx, "POST", "/localapi/v0/set-dns?"+v.Encode(), 200, nil)
+	return err
+}
+
+// CurrentDERPMap returns the current DERPMap that is being used by the local tailscaled.
+// It is intended to be used with netcheck to see availability of DERPs.
+func CurrentDERPMap(ctx context.Context) (*tailcfg.DERPMap, error) {
+	var derpMap tailcfg.DERPMap
+	res, err := send(ctx, "GET", "/localapi/v0/derpmap", 200, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(res, &derpMap); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid derp map json: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &derpMap, nil
+}

cmd/addlicense/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Program addlicense adds a license header to a file.
+// It is intended for use with 'go generate',
+// so it has a slightly weird usage.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+var (
+	year = flag.Int("year", 0, "copyright year")
+	file = flag.String("file", "", "file to modify")
+)
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `
+usage: addlicense -year YEAR -file FILE <subcommand args...>
+`[1:])
+
+	flag.PrintDefaults()
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `
+addlicense adds a Tailscale license to the beginning of file,
+using year as the copyright year.
+
+It is intended for use with 'go generate', so it also runs a subcommand,
+which presumably creates the file.
+
+Sample usage:
+
+addlicense -year 2021 -file pull_strings.go stringer -type=pull
+`[1:])
+	os.Exit(2)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Usage = usage
+	flag.Parse()
+	if len(flag.Args()) == 0 {
+		flag.Usage()
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(flag.Arg(0), flag.Args()[1:]...)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	err := cmd.Run()
+	check(err)
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(*file)
+	check(err)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(*file, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
+	check(err)
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(f, license, *year)
+	check(err)
+	_, err = f.Write(b)
+	check(err)
+	err = f.Close()
+	check(err)
+}
+
+func check(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+var license = `
+// Copyright (c) %d Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+`[1:]

cmd/cloner/cloner.go

@@ -246,7 +246,9 @@ func gen(buf *bytes.Buffer, imports map[string]struct{}, name string, typ *types
 					writef("\t\tdst.%s[k] = append([]%s{}, src.%s[k]...)", fname, n, fname)
 					writef("\t}")
 				} else if containsPointers(ft.Elem()) {
-					writef("\t\t" + `panic("TODO map value pointers")`)
+					writef("\tfor k, v := range src.%s {", fname)
+					writef("\t\tdst.%s[k] = v.Clone()", fname)
+					writef("\t}")
 				} else {
 					writef("\tfor k, v := range src.%s {", fname)
 					writef("\t\tdst.%s[k] = v", fname)

cmd/derper/derper.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"expvar"
 	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"html"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
@@ -35,7 +33,6 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/tsweb"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 	"tailscale.com/types/wgkey"
-	"tailscale.com/version"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -49,6 +46,7 @@ var (
 	meshPSKFile   = flag.String("mesh-psk-file", defaultMeshPSKFile(), "if non-empty, path to file containing the mesh pre-shared key file. It should contain some hex string; whitespace is trimmed.")
 	meshWith      = flag.String("mesh-with", "", "optional comma-separated list of hostnames to mesh with; the server's own hostname can be in the list")
 	bootstrapDNS  = flag.String("bootstrap-dns-names", "", "optional comma-separated list of hostnames to make available at /bootstrap-dns")
+	verifyClients = flag.Bool("verify-clients", false, "verify clients to this DERP server through a local tailscaled instance.")
 )
 
 type config struct {
@@ -60,7 +58,12 @@ func loadConfig() config {
 		return config{PrivateKey: mustNewKey()}
 	}
 	if *configPath == "" {
-		log.Fatalf("derper: -c <config path> not specified")
+		if os.Getuid() == 0 {
+			*configPath = "/var/lib/derper/derper.key"
+		} else {
+			log.Fatalf("derper: -c <config path> not specified")
+		}
+		log.Printf("no config path specified; using %s", *configPath)
 	}
 	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(*configPath)
 	switch {
@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@ func main() {
 	letsEncrypt := tsweb.IsProd443(*addr)
 
 	s := derp.NewServer(key.Private(cfg.PrivateKey), log.Printf)
+	s.SetVerifyClient(*verifyClients)
 
 	if *meshPSKFile != "" {
 		b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(*meshPSKFile)
@@ -143,8 +147,7 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	expvar.Publish("derp", s.ExpVar())
 
-	// Create our own mux so we don't expose /debug/ stuff to the world.
-	mux := tsweb.NewMux(debugHandler(s))
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
 	mux.Handle("/derp", derphttp.Handler(s))
 	go refreshBootstrapDNSLoop()
 	mux.HandleFunc("/bootstrap-dns", handleBootstrapDNS)
@@ -164,6 +167,18 @@ func main() {
 			io.WriteString(w, "<p>Debug info at <a href='/debug/'>/debug/</a>.</p>\n")
 		}
 	}))
+	debug := tsweb.Debugger(mux)
+	debug.KV("TLS hostname", *hostname)
+	debug.KV("Mesh key", s.HasMeshKey())
+	debug.Handle("check", "Consistency check", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		err := s.ConsistencyCheck()
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
+		} else {
+			io.WriteString(w, "derp.Server ConsistencyCheck okay")
+		}
+	}))
+	debug.Handle("traffic", "Traffic check", http.HandlerFunc(s.ServeDebugTraffic))
 
 	if *runSTUN {
 		go serveSTUN()
@@ -217,39 +232,6 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }
 
-func debugHandler(s *derp.Server) http.Handler {
-	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		if r.RequestURI == "/debug/check" {
-			err := s.ConsistencyCheck()
-			if err != nil {
-				http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
-			} else {
-				io.WriteString(w, "derp.Server ConsistencyCheck okay")
-			}
-			return
-		}
-		f := func(format string, args ...interface{}) { fmt.Fprintf(w, format, args...) }
-		f(`<html><body>
-<h1>DERP debug</h1>
-<ul>
-`)
-		f("<li><b>Hostname:</b> %v</li>\n", html.EscapeString(*hostname))
-		f("<li><b>Uptime:</b> %v</li>\n", tsweb.Uptime())
-		f("<li><b>Mesh Key:</b> %v</li>\n", s.HasMeshKey())
-		f("<li><b>Version:</b> %v</li>\n", html.EscapeString(version.Long))
-
-		f(`<li><a href="/debug/vars">/debug/vars</a> (Go)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/varz">/debug/varz</a> (Prometheus)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/pprof/">/debug/pprof/</a></li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1">/debug/pprof/goroutine</a> (collapsed)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=2">/debug/pprof/goroutine</a> (full)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/check">/debug/check</a> internal consistency check</li>
-<ul>
-</html>
-`)
-	})
-}
-
 func serveSTUN() {
 	pc, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", ":3478")
 	if err != nil {

cmd/derper/mesh.go

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"net"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"tailscale.com/derp"
 	"tailscale.com/derp/derphttp"
@@ -39,6 +41,34 @@ func startMeshWithHost(s *derp.Server, host string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	c.MeshKey = s.MeshKey()
+
+	// For meshed peers within a region, connect via VPC addresses.
+	c.SetURLDialer(func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		var d net.Dialer
+		var r net.Resolver
+		if port == "443" && strings.HasSuffix(host, ".tailscale.com") {
+			base := strings.TrimSuffix(host, ".tailscale.com")
+			subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+			vpcHost := base + "-vpc.tailscale.com"
+			ips, _ := r.LookupIP(subCtx, "ip", vpcHost)
+			if len(ips) > 0 {
+				vpcAddr := net.JoinHostPort(ips[0].String(), port)
+				c, err := d.DialContext(subCtx, network, vpcAddr)
+				if err == nil {
+					log.Printf("connected to %v (%v) instead of %v", vpcHost, ips[0], base)
+					return c, nil
+				}
+				log.Printf("failed to connect to %v (%v): %v; trying non-VPC route", vpcHost, ips[0], err)
+			}
+		}
+		return d.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+	})
+
 	add := func(k key.Public) { s.AddPacketForwarder(k, c) }
 	remove := func(k key.Public) { s.RemovePacketForwarder(k, c) }
 	go c.RunWatchConnectionLoop(context.Background(), s.PublicKey(), logf, add, remove)

cmd/derpprobe/derpprobe.go

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// The derpprobe binary probes derpers.
+package main // import "tailscale.com/cmd/derper/derpprobe"
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	crand "crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"html"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"tailscale.com/derp"
+	"tailscale.com/derp/derphttp"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+	"tailscale.com/types/key"
+)
+
+var (
+	derpMapURL = flag.String("derp-map", "https://login.tailscale.com/derpmap/default", "URL to DERP map (https:// or file://)")
+	listen     = flag.String("listen", ":8030", "HTTP listen address")
+)
+
+var (
+	mu            sync.Mutex
+	state         = map[nodePair]pairStatus{}
+	lastDERPMap   *tailcfg.DERPMap
+	lastDERPMapAt time.Time
+)
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Parse()
+	go probeLoop()
+	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(*listen, http.HandlerFunc(serve)))
+}
+
+type overallStatus struct {
+	good, bad []string
+}
+
+func (st *overallStatus) addBadf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
+	st.bad = append(st.bad, fmt.Sprintf(format, a...))
+}
+
+func (st *overallStatus) addGoodf(format string, a ...interface{}) {
+	st.good = append(st.good, fmt.Sprintf(format, a...))
+}
+
+func getOverallStatus() (o overallStatus) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	if lastDERPMap == nil {
+		o.addBadf("no DERP map")
+		return
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if age := now.Sub(lastDERPMapAt); age > time.Minute {
+		o.addBadf("DERPMap hasn't been successfully refreshed in %v", age.Round(time.Second))
+	}
+	for _, reg := range sortedRegions(lastDERPMap) {
+		for _, from := range reg.Nodes {
+			for _, to := range reg.Nodes {
+				pair := nodePair{from.Name, to.Name}
+				st, ok := state[pair]
+				age := now.Sub(st.at).Round(time.Second)
+				switch {
+				case !ok:
+					o.addBadf("no state for %v", pair)
+				case st.err != nil:
+					o.addBadf("%v: %v", pair, st.err)
+				case age > 90*time.Second:
+					o.addBadf("%v: update is %v old", pair, age)
+				default:
+					o.addGoodf("%v: %v, %v ago", pair, st.latency.Round(time.Millisecond), age)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func serve(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	st := getOverallStatus()
+	summary := "All good"
+	if len(st.bad) > 0 {
+		w.WriteHeader(500)
+		summary = fmt.Sprintf("%d problems", len(st.bad))
+	}
+	io.WriteString(w, "<html><head><style>.bad { font-weight: bold; color: #700; }</style></head>\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "<body><h1>derp probe</h1>\n%s:<ul>", summary)
+	for _, s := range st.bad {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "<li class=bad>%s</li>\n", html.EscapeString(s))
+	}
+	for _, s := range st.good {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "<li>%s</li>\n", html.EscapeString(s))
+	}
+	io.WriteString(w, "</ul></body></html>\n")
+}
+
+func sortedRegions(dm *tailcfg.DERPMap) []*tailcfg.DERPRegion {
+	ret := make([]*tailcfg.DERPRegion, 0, len(dm.Regions))
+	for _, r := range dm.Regions {
+		ret = append(ret, r)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(ret, func(i, j int) bool { return ret[i].RegionID < ret[j].RegionID })
+	return ret
+}
+
+type nodePair struct {
+	from, to string // DERPNode.Name
+}
+
+func (p nodePair) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("(%s→%s)", p.from, p.to) }
+
+type pairStatus struct {
+	err     error
+	latency time.Duration
+	at      time.Time
+}
+
+func setDERPMap(dm *tailcfg.DERPMap) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	lastDERPMap = dm
+	lastDERPMapAt = time.Now()
+}
+
+func setState(p nodePair, latency time.Duration, err error) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	st := pairStatus{
+		err:     err,
+		latency: latency,
+		at:      time.Now(),
+	}
+	state[p] = st
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("%+v error: %v", p, err)
+	} else {
+		log.Printf("%+v: %v", p, latency.Round(time.Millisecond))
+	}
+}
+
+func probeLoop() {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(15 * time.Second)
+	for {
+		err := probe()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("probe: %v", err)
+		}
+		<-ticker.C
+	}
+}
+
+func probe() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 60*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	dm, err := getDERPMap(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(len(dm.Regions))
+	for _, reg := range dm.Regions {
+		reg := reg
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for _, from := range reg.Nodes {
+				for _, to := range reg.Nodes {
+					latency, err := probeNodePair(ctx, dm, from, to)
+					setState(nodePair{from.Name, to.Name}, latency, err)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func probeNodePair(ctx context.Context, dm *tailcfg.DERPMap, from, to *tailcfg.DERPNode) (latency time.Duration, err error) {
+	// The passed in context is a minute for the whole region. The
+	// idea is that each node pair in the region will be done
+	// serially and regularly in the future, reusing connections
+	// (at least in the happy path). For now they don't reuse
+	// connections and probe at most once every 15 seconds. We
+	// bound the duration of a single node pair within a region
+	// so one bad one can't starve others.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	fromc, err := newConn(ctx, dm, from)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer fromc.Close()
+	toc, err := newConn(ctx, dm, to)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer toc.Close()
+
+	// Wait a bit for from's node to hear about to existing on the
+	// other node in the region, in the case where the two nodes
+	// are different.
+	if from.Name != to.Name {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // pretty arbitrary
+	}
+
+	// Make a random packet
+	pkt := make([]byte, 8)
+	crand.Read(pkt)
+
+	t0 := time.Now()
+
+	// Send the random packet.
+	sendc := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		sendc <- fromc.Send(toc.SelfPublicKey(), pkt)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("timeout sending via %q: %w", from.Name, ctx.Err())
+	case err := <-sendc:
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("error sending via %q: %w", from.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Receive the random packet.
+	recvc := make(chan interface{}, 1) // either derp.ReceivedPacket or error
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			m, err := toc.Recv()
+			if err != nil {
+				recvc <- err
+				return
+			}
+			switch v := m.(type) {
+			case derp.ReceivedPacket:
+				recvc <- v
+			default:
+				log.Printf("%v: ignoring Recv frame type %T", to.Name, v)
+				// Loop.
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("timeout receiving from %q: %w", to.Name, ctx.Err())
+	case v := <-recvc:
+		if err, ok := v.(error); ok {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("error receiving from %q: %w", to.Name, err)
+		}
+		p := v.(derp.ReceivedPacket)
+		if p.Source != fromc.SelfPublicKey() {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("got data packet from unexpected source, %v", p.Source)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(p.Data, pkt) {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected data packet %q", p.Data)
+		}
+	}
+	return time.Since(t0), nil
+}
+
+func newConn(ctx context.Context, dm *tailcfg.DERPMap, n *tailcfg.DERPNode) (*derphttp.Client, error) {
+	priv := key.NewPrivate()
+	dc := derphttp.NewRegionClient(priv, log.Printf, func() *tailcfg.DERPRegion {
+		rid := n.RegionID
+		return &tailcfg.DERPRegion{
+			RegionID:   rid,
+			RegionCode: fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", dm.Regions[rid].RegionCode, n.Name),
+			RegionName: dm.Regions[rid].RegionName,
+			Nodes:      []*tailcfg.DERPNode{n},
+		}
+	})
+	dc.IsProber = true
+	err := dc.Connect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	errc := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		m, err := dc.Recv()
+		if err != nil {
+			errc <- err
+			return
+		}
+		switch m.(type) {
+		case derp.ServerInfoMessage:
+			errc <- nil
+		default:
+			errc <- fmt.Errorf("unexpected first message type %T", errc)
+		}
+	}()
+	select {
+	case err := <-errc:
+		if err != nil {
+			go dc.Close()
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		go dc.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for ServerInfoMessage: %w", ctx.Err())
+	}
+	return dc, nil
+}
+
+var httpOrFileClient = &http.Client{Transport: httpOrFileTransport()}
+
+func httpOrFileTransport() http.RoundTripper {
+	tr := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	tr.RegisterProtocol("file", http.NewFileTransport(http.Dir("/")))
+	return tr
+}
+
+func getDERPMap(ctx context.Context) (*tailcfg.DERPMap, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", *derpMapURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	res, err := httpOrFileClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		if lastDERPMap != nil && time.Since(lastDERPMapAt) < 10*time.Minute {
+			// Assume that control is restarting and use
+			// the same one for a bit.
+			return lastDERPMap, nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetching %s: %s", *derpMapURL, res.Status)
+	}
+	dm := new(tailcfg.DERPMap)
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(dm); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding %s JSON: %v", *derpMapURL, err)
+	}
+	setDERPMap(dm)
+	return dm, nil
+}

cmd/hello/hello.go

@@ -112,13 +112,13 @@ func tailscaleIP(who *apitype.WhoIsResponse) string {
 		return ""
 	}
 	for _, nodeIP := range who.Node.Addresses {
-		if nodeIP.IP.Is4() && nodeIP.IsSingleIP() {
-			return nodeIP.IP.String()
+		if nodeIP.IP().Is4() && nodeIP.IsSingleIP() {
+			return nodeIP.IP().String()
 		}
 	}
 	for _, nodeIP := range who.Node.Addresses {
 		if nodeIP.IsSingleIP() {
-			return nodeIP.IP.String()
+			return nodeIP.IP().String()
 		}
 	}
 	return ""

cmd/microproxy/microproxy.go

@@ -55,9 +55,13 @@ func main() {
 		log.Fatalf("Couldn't parse URL %q: %v", *goVarsURL, err)
 	}
 
-	mux := tsweb.NewMux(http.HandlerFunc(debugHandler))
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	tsweb.Debugger(mux) // registers /debug/*
 	mux.Handle("/metrics", tsweb.Protected(proxy))
-	mux.Handle("/varz", tsweb.Protected(tsweb.StdHandler(&goVarsHandler{*goVarsURL}, log.Printf)))
+	mux.Handle("/varz", tsweb.Protected(tsweb.StdHandler(&goVarsHandler{*goVarsURL}, tsweb.HandlerOptions{
+		Quiet200s: true,
+		Logf:      log.Printf,
+	})))
 
 	ch := &certHolder{
 		hostname: *hostname,
@@ -167,23 +171,3 @@ func (c *certHolder) loadLocked() error {
 	c.loaded = time.Now()
 	return nil
 }
-
-// debugHandler serves a page with links to tsweb-managed debug URLs
-// at /debug/.
-func debugHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	f := func(format string, args ...interface{}) { fmt.Fprintf(w, format, args...) }
-	f(`<html><body>
-<h1>microproxy debug</h1>
-<ul>
-`)
-	f("<li><b>Hostname:</b> %v</li>\n", *hostname)
-	f("<li><b>Uptime:</b> %v</li>\n", tsweb.Uptime())
-	f(`<li><a href="/debug/vars">/debug/vars</a> (Go)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/varz">/debug/varz</a> (Prometheus)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/pprof/">/debug/pprof/</a></li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1">/debug/pprof/goroutine</a> (collapsed)</li>
-   <li><a href="/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=2">/debug/pprof/goroutine</a> (full)</li>
-<ul>
-</html>
-`)
-}

cmd/mkpkg/main.go

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import (
 // into a map of filePathOnDisk -> filePathInPackage.
 func parseFiles(s string) (map[string]string, error) {
 	ret := map[string]string{}
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return ret, nil
+	}
 	for _, f := range strings.Split(s, ",") {
 		fs := strings.Split(f, ":")
 		if len(fs) != 2 {

cmd/speedtest/speedtest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Program speedtest provides the speedtest command. The reason to keep it separate from
+// the normal tailscale cli is because it is not yet ready to go in the tailscale binary.
+// It will be included in the tailscale cli after it has been added to tailscaled.
+
+// Example usage for client command: go run cmd/speedtest -host 127.0.0.1:20333 -t 5s
+// This will connect to the server on 127.0.0.1:20333 and start a 5 second download speedtest.
+// Example usage for server command: go run cmd/speedtest -s -host :20333
+// This will start a speedtest server on port 20333.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2/ffcli"
+	"tailscale.com/net/speedtest"
+)
+
+// Runs the speedtest command as a commandline program
+func main() {
+	args := os.Args[1:]
+	if err := speedtestCmd.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	err := speedtestCmd.Run(context.Background())
+	if errors.Is(err, flag.ErrHelp) {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, speedtestCmd.ShortUsage)
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// speedtestCmd is the root command. It runs either the server or client depending on the
+// flags passed to it.
+var speedtestCmd = &ffcli.Command{
+	Name:       "speedtest",
+	ShortUsage: "speedtest [-host <host:port>] [-s] [-r] [-t <test duration>]",
+	ShortHelp:  "Run a speed test",
+	FlagSet: (func() *flag.FlagSet {
+		fs := flag.NewFlagSet("speedtest", flag.ExitOnError)
+		fs.StringVar(&speedtestArgs.host, "host", ":20333", "host:port pair to connect to or listen on")
+		fs.DurationVar(&speedtestArgs.testDuration, "t", speedtest.DefaultDuration, "duration of the speed test")
+		fs.BoolVar(&speedtestArgs.runServer, "s", false, "run a speedtest server")
+		fs.BoolVar(&speedtestArgs.reverse, "r", false, "run in reverse mode (server sends, client receives)")
+		return fs
+	})(),
+	Exec: runSpeedtest,
+}
+
+var speedtestArgs struct {
+	host         string
+	testDuration time.Duration
+	runServer    bool
+	reverse      bool
+}
+
+func runSpeedtest(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
+
+	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(speedtestArgs.host); err != nil {
+		var addrErr *net.AddrError
+		if errors.As(err, &addrErr) && addrErr.Err == "missing port in address" {
+			// if no port is provided, append the default port
+			speedtestArgs.host = net.JoinHostPort(speedtestArgs.host, strconv.Itoa(speedtest.DefaultPort))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if speedtestArgs.runServer {
+		listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", speedtestArgs.host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		fmt.Printf("listening on %v\n", listener.Addr())
+
+		return speedtest.Serve(listener)
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the duration is within the allowed range
+	if speedtestArgs.testDuration < speedtest.MinDuration || speedtestArgs.testDuration > speedtest.MaxDuration {
+		return fmt.Errorf("test duration must be within %v and %v", speedtest.MinDuration, speedtest.MaxDuration)
+	}
+
+	dir := speedtest.Download
+	if speedtestArgs.reverse {
+		dir = speedtest.Upload
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("Starting a %s test with %s\n", dir, speedtestArgs.host)
+	results, err := speedtest.RunClient(dir, speedtestArgs.testDuration, speedtestArgs.host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 12, 0, 0, ' ', tabwriter.TabIndent)
+	fmt.Println("Results:")
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Interval\t\tTransfer\t\tBandwidth\t\t")
+	for _, r := range results {
+		if r.Total {
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "-------------------------------------------------------------------------")
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%.2f-%.2f\tsec\t%.4f\tMBits\t%.4f\tMbits/sec\t\n", r.IntervalStart.Seconds(), r.IntervalEnd.Seconds(), r.MegaBits(), r.MBitsPerSecond())
+	}
+	w.Flush()
+	return nil
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/admin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/dsnet/golib/jsonfmt"
+	"github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2/ffcli"
+)
+
+const tailscaleAPIURL = "https://api.tailscale.com/api"
+
+var adminCmd = &ffcli.Command{
+	Name:       "admin",
+	ShortUsage: "admin <subcommand> [command flags]",
+	ShortHelp:  "Administrate a tailnet",
+	LongHelp: strings.TrimSpace(`
+The "tailscale admin" command administrates a tailnet through the CLI.
+It is a wrapper over the RESTful API served at ` + tailscaleAPIURL + `.
+See https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/main/api.md for more information
+about the API itself.
+
+In order for the "admin" command to call the API, it needs an API key,
+which is specified by setting the TAILSCALE_API_KEY environment variable.
+Also, to easy usage, the tailnet to administrate can be specified through the
+TAILSCALE_NET_NAME environment variable, or specified with the -tailnet flag.
+
+Visit https://login.tailscale.com/admin/settings/authkeys in order to obtain
+an API key.
+`),
+	FlagSet: (func() *flag.FlagSet {
+		fs := flag.NewFlagSet("status", flag.ExitOnError)
+		// TODO(dsnet): Can we determine the default tailnet from what this
+		// device is currently part of? Alternatively, when add specific logic
+		// to handle auth keys, we can always associate a given key with a
+		// specific tailnet.
+		fs.StringVar(&adminArgs.tailnet, "tailnet", os.Getenv("TAILSCALE_NET_NAME"), "which tailnet to administrate")
+		return fs
+	})(),
+	// TODO(dsnet): Handle users, groups, dns.
+	Subcommands: []*ffcli.Command{{
+		Name:       "acl",
+		ShortUsage: "acl <subcommand> [command flags]",
+		ShortHelp:  "Manage the ACL for a tailnet",
+		// TODO(dsnet): Handle preview.
+		Subcommands: []*ffcli.Command{{
+			Name:       "get",
+			ShortUsage: "get",
+			ShortHelp:  "Downloads the HuJSON ACL file to stdout",
+			Exec:       checkAdminKey(runAdminACLGet),
+		}, {
+			Name:       "set",
+			ShortUsage: "set",
+			ShortHelp:  "Uploads the HuJSON ACL file from stdin",
+			Exec:       checkAdminKey(runAdminACLSet),
+		}},
+		Exec: runHelp,
+	}, {
+		Name:       "devices",
+		ShortUsage: "devices <subcommand> [command flags]",
+		ShortHelp:  "Manage devices in a tailnet",
+		Subcommands: []*ffcli.Command{{
+			Name:       "list",
+			ShortUsage: "list",
+			ShortHelp:  "List all devices in a tailnet",
+			Exec:       checkAdminKey(runAdminDevicesList),
+		}, {
+			Name:       "get",
+			ShortUsage: "get <id>",
+			ShortHelp:  "Get information about a specific device",
+			Exec:       checkAdminKey(runAdminDevicesGet),
+		}},
+		Exec: runHelp,
+	}},
+	Exec: runHelp,
+}
+
+var adminArgs struct {
+	tailnet string // which tailnet to operate upon
+}
+
+func checkAdminKey(f func(context.Context, string, []string) error) func(context.Context, []string) error {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
+		// TODO(dsnet): We should have a subcommand or flag to manage keys.
+		// Use of an environment variable is a temporary hack.
+		key := os.Getenv("TAILSCALE_API_KEY")
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(key, "tskey-") {
+			return errors.New("no API key specified")
+		}
+		return f(ctx, key, args)
+	}
+}
+
+func runAdminACLGet(ctx context.Context, key string, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		return flag.ErrHelp
+	}
+	return adminCallAPI(ctx, key, http.MethodGet, "/v2/tailnet/"+adminArgs.tailnet+"/acl", nil, os.Stdout)
+}
+
+func runAdminACLSet(ctx context.Context, key string, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		return flag.ErrHelp
+	}
+	return adminCallAPI(ctx, key, http.MethodPost, "/v2/tailnet/"+adminArgs.tailnet+"/acl", os.Stdin, os.Stdout)
+}
+
+func runAdminDevicesList(ctx context.Context, key string, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		return flag.ErrHelp
+	}
+	return adminCallAPI(ctx, key, http.MethodGet, "/v2/tailnet/"+adminArgs.tailnet+"/devices", nil, os.Stdout)
+}
+
+func runAdminDevicesGet(ctx context.Context, key string, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		return flag.ErrHelp
+	}
+	return adminCallAPI(ctx, key, http.MethodGet, "/v2/device/"+args[0], nil, os.Stdout)
+}
+
+func adminCallAPI(ctx context.Context, key, method, path string, in io.Reader, out io.Writer) error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, tailscaleAPIURL+path, in)
+	req.SetBasicAuth(key, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to send HTTP request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to receive HTTP response: %w", err)
+	}
+	b, err = jsonfmt.Format(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to format JSON response: %w", err)
+	}
+	_, err = out.Write(b)
+	return err
+
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/auth-redirect.html

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+	<title>Redirecting...</title>
+	<style>
+		html,
+		body {
+			height: 100%;
+		}
+
+		html {
+			background-color: rgb(249, 247, 246);
+			font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji";
+			line-height: 1.5;
+			-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
+			-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+			-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+		}
+
+		body {
+			display: flex;
+			flex-direction: column;
+			align-items: center;
+			justify-content: center;
+		}
+
+		.spinner {
+			margin-bottom: 2rem;
+			border: 4px rgba(112, 110, 109, 0.5) solid;
+			border-left-color: transparent;
+			border-radius: 9999px;
+			width: 4rem;
+			height: 4rem;
+			-webkit-animation: spin 700ms linear infinite;
+      animation: spin 800ms linear infinite;
+		}
+
+		.label {
+			color: rgb(112, 110, 109);
+			padding-left: 0.4rem;
+		}
+
+		@-webkit-keyframes spin {
+			to {
+				transform: rotate(360deg);
+			}
+		}
+
+		@keyframes spin {
+			to {
+				transform: rotate(360deg);
+			}
+		}
+	</style>
+</head> <body>
+	<div class="spinner"></div>
+	<div class="label">Redirecting...</div>
+</body>

cmd/tailscale/cli/cli.go

@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ func ActLikeCLI() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func runHelp(context.Context, []string) error {
+	return flag.ErrHelp
+}
+
 // Run runs the CLI. The args do not include the binary name.
 func Run(args []string) error {
 	if len(args) == 1 && (args[0] == "-V" || args[0] == "--version") {
@@ -99,6 +103,7 @@ change in the future.
 			upCmd,
 			downCmd,
 			logoutCmd,
+			adminCmd,
 			netcheckCmd,
 			ipCmd,
 			statusCmd,
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ change in the future.
 			bugReportCmd,
 		},
 		FlagSet:   rootfs,
-		Exec:      func(context.Context, []string) error { return flag.ErrHelp },
+		Exec:      runHelp,
 		UsageFunc: usageFunc,
 	}
 	for _, c := range rootCmd.Subcommands {

cmd/tailscale/cli/cli_test.go

@@ -13,129 +13,96 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn/ipnstate"
-	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
+	"tailscale.com/types/persist"
 	"tailscale.com/types/preftype"
 )
 
+// geese is a collection of gooses. It need not be complete.
+// But it should include anything handled specially (e.g. linux, windows)
+// and at least one thing that's not (darwin, freebsd).
+var geese = []string{"linux", "darwin", "windows", "freebsd"}
+
 // Test that checkForAccidentalSettingReverts's updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag can handle
 // all flags. This will panic if a new flag creeps in that's unhandled.
+//
+// Also, issue 1880: advertise-exit-node was being ignored. Verify that all flags cause an edit.
 func TestUpdateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	mp := new(ipn.MaskedPrefs)
-	upFlagSet.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
-		updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag(mp, f.Name)
-	})
+	for _, goos := range geese {
+		var upArgs upArgsT
+		fs := newUpFlagSet(goos, &upArgs)
+		fs.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+			mp := new(ipn.MaskedPrefs)
+			updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag(mp, f.Name)
+			got := mp.Pretty()
+			wantEmpty := preflessFlag(f.Name)
+			isEmpty := got == "MaskedPrefs{}"
+			if isEmpty != wantEmpty {
+				t.Errorf("flag %q created MaskedPrefs %s; want empty=%v", f.Name, got, wantEmpty)
+			}
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestCheckForAccidentalSettingReverts(t *testing.T) {
-	f := func(flags ...string) map[string]bool {
-		m := make(map[string]bool)
-		for _, f := range flags {
-			m[f] = true
-		}
-		return m
-	}
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
-		flagSet  map[string]bool
+		flags    []string // argv to be parsed by FlagSet
 		curPrefs *ipn.Prefs
-		curUser  string // os.Getenv("USER") on the client side
-		goos     string // empty means "linux"
-		mp       *ipn.MaskedPrefs
-		want     string
+
+		curExitNodeIP netaddr.IP
+		curUser       string // os.Getenv("USER") on the client side
+		goos          string // empty means "linux"
+
+		want string
 	}{
 		{
-			name:    "bare_up_means_up",
-			flagSet: f(),
+			name:  "bare_up_means_up",
+			flags: []string{},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
 				ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
 				WantRunning: false,
 				Hostname:    "foo",
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					WantRunning: true,
-				},
-				WantRunningSet: true,
-			},
 			want: "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "losing_hostname",
-			flagSet: f("accept-dns"),
+			name:  "losing_hostname",
+			flags: []string{"--accept-dns"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				WantRunning: false,
-				Hostname:    "foo",
-				CorpDNS:     true,
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					WantRunning: true,
-					CorpDNS:     true,
-				},
-				ControlURLSet:  true,
-				WantRunningSet: true,
-				CorpDNSSet:     true,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				WantRunning:      false,
+				Hostname:         "foo",
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
 			},
 			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --accept-dns --hostname=foo",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "hostname_changing_explicitly",
-			flagSet: f("hostname"),
+			name:  "hostname_changing_explicitly",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname=bar"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				WantRunning: false,
-				Hostname:    "foo",
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					WantRunning: true,
-					Hostname:    "bar",
-				},
-				ControlURLSet:  true,
-				WantRunningSet: true,
-				HostnameSet:    true,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				Hostname:         "foo",
 			},
 			want: "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "hostname_changing_empty_explicitly",
-			flagSet: f("hostname"),
+			name:  "hostname_changing_empty_explicitly",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname="},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				WantRunning: false,
-				Hostname:    "foo",
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					WantRunning: true,
-					Hostname:    "",
-				},
-				ControlURLSet:  true,
-				WantRunningSet: true,
-				HostnameSet:    true,
-			},
-			want: "",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "empty_slice_equals_nil_slice",
-			flagSet: f("hostname"),
-			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:      ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{},
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL:      ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: nil,
-				},
-				ControlURLSet: true,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				Hostname:         "foo",
 			},
 			want: "",
 		},
@@ -143,228 +110,174 @@ func TestCheckForAccidentalSettingReverts(t *testing.T) {
 			// Issue 1725: "tailscale up --authkey=..." (or other non-empty flags) works from
 			// a fresh server's initial prefs.
 			name:     "up_with_default_prefs",
-			flagSet:  f("authkey"),
+			flags:    []string{"--authkey=foosdlkfjskdljf"},
 			curPrefs: ipn.NewPrefs(),
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs:          *defaultPrefsFromUpArgs(t, "linux"),
-				WantRunningSet: true,
-			},
-			want: "",
+			want:     "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "implicit_operator_change",
-			flagSet: f("hostname"),
+			name:  "implicit_operator_change",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname=foo"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:   ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				OperatorUser: "alice",
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				OperatorUser:     "alice",
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 			},
 			curUser: "eve",
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				},
-				ControlURLSet: true,
-			},
-			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --hostname= --operator=alice",
+			want:    accidentalUpPrefix + " --hostname=foo --operator=alice",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "implicit_operator_matches_shell_user",
-			flagSet: f("hostname"),
+			name:  "implicit_operator_matches_shell_user",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname=foo"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:   ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				OperatorUser: "alice",
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				OperatorUser:     "alice",
 			},
 			curUser: "alice",
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				},
-				ControlURLSet: true,
-			},
-			want: "",
+			want:    "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "error_advertised_routes_exit_node_removed",
-			flagSet: f("advertise-routes"),
+			name:  "error_advertised_routes_exit_node_removed",
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-routes=10.0.42.0/24"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.42.0/24"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
 				},
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.42.0/24"),
-					},
-				},
-				AdvertiseRoutesSet: true,
-			},
 			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --advertise-routes=10.0.42.0/24 --advertise-exit-node",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "advertised_routes_exit_node_removed",
-			flagSet: f("advertise-routes", "advertise-exit-node"),
+			name:  "advertised_routes_exit_node_removed_explicit",
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-routes=10.0.42.0/24", "--advertise-exit-node=false"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.42.0/24"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
 				},
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.42.0/24"),
-					},
-				},
-				AdvertiseRoutesSet: true,
-			},
 			want: "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "advertised_routes_includes_the_0_routes", // but no --advertise-exit-node
-			flagSet: f("advertise-routes"),
+			name:  "advertised_routes_includes_the_0_routes", // but no --advertise-exit-node
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-routes=11.1.43.0/24,0.0.0.0/0,::/0"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.42.0/24"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
 				},
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("11.1.43.0/24"),
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
-					},
-				},
-				AdvertiseRoutesSet: true,
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "advertise_exit_node", // Issue 1859
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-exit-node"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 			},
 			want: "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "advertised_routes_includes_only_one_0_route", // and no --advertise-exit-node
-			flagSet: f("advertise-routes"),
+			name:  "advertise_exit_node_over_existing_routes",
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-exit-node"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.42.0/24"),
-					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
-				},
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("11.1.43.0/24"),
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-					},
-				},
-				AdvertiseRoutesSet: true,
-			},
-			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --advertise-routes=11.1.43.0/24,0.0.0.0/0 --advertise-exit-node",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "advertise_exit_node", // Issue 1859
-			flagSet: f("advertise-exit-node"),
-			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
-					},
-				},
-				// Note: without setting "AdvertiseRoutesSet", as
-				// updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag doesn't set that.
-			},
-			want: "",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "advertise_exit_node_over_existing_routes",
-			flagSet: f("advertise-exit-node"),
-			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+
 				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("1.2.0.0/16"),
 				},
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
-					},
-				},
-				// Note: without setting "AdvertiseRoutesSet", as
-				// updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag doesn't set that.
-			},
 			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --advertise-exit-node --advertise-routes=1.2.0.0/16",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "advertise_exit_node_over_existing_routes_and_exit_node",
-			flagSet: f("advertise-exit-node"),
+			name:  "advertise_exit_node_over_existing_routes_and_exit_node",
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-exit-node"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
 					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("1.2.0.0/16"),
 				},
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
-					},
-				},
-				// Note: without setting "AdvertiseRoutesSet", as
-				// updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag doesn't set that.
-			},
 			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --advertise-exit-node --advertise-routes=1.2.0.0/16",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "exit_node_clearing", // Issue 1777
-			flagSet: f("exit-node"),
+			name:  "exit_node_clearing", // Issue 1777
+			flags: []string{"--exit-node="},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+
 				ExitNodeID: "fooID",
 			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					ExitNodeIP: netaddr.IP{},
-				},
-				ExitNodeIPSet: true,
-			},
 			want: "",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "remove_all_implicit",
-			flagSet: f("force-reauth"),
+			name:  "remove_all_implicit",
+			flags: []string{"--force-reauth"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
 				WantRunning:      true,
 				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
 				RouteAll:         true,
 				AllowSingleHosts: false,
 				ExitNodeIP:       netaddr.MustParseIP("100.64.5.6"),
-				CorpDNS:          true,
+				CorpDNS:          false,
+				ShieldsUp:        true,
+				AdvertiseTags:    []string{"tag:foo", "tag:bar"},
+				Hostname:         "myhostname",
+				ForceDaemon:      true,
+				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
+				},
+				NetfilterMode: preftype.NetfilterNoDivert,
+				OperatorUser:  "alice",
+			},
+			curUser: "eve",
+			want:    accidentalUpPrefix + " --force-reauth --accept-dns=false --accept-routes --advertise-exit-node --advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/16 --advertise-tags=tag:foo,tag:bar --exit-node=100.64.5.6 --host-routes=false --hostname=myhostname --netfilter-mode=nodivert --operator=alice --shields-up",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "remove_all_implicit_except_hostname",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname=newhostname"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				WantRunning:      true,
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				RouteAll:         true,
+				AllowSingleHosts: false,
+				ExitNodeIP:       netaddr.MustParseIP("100.64.5.6"),
+				CorpDNS:          false,
 				ShieldsUp:        true,
 				AdvertiseTags:    []string{"tag:foo", "tag:bar"},
 				Hostname:         "myhostname",
@@ -376,101 +289,142 @@ func TestCheckForAccidentalSettingReverts(t *testing.T) {
 				OperatorUser:  "alice",
 			},
 			curUser: "eve",
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					WantRunning: true,
-				},
-			},
-			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --force-reauth --accept-routes --exit-node=100.64.5.6 --accept-dns --shields-up --advertise-tags=tag:foo,tag:bar --hostname=myhostname --unattended --advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/16 --netfilter-mode=nodivert --operator=alice",
+			want:    accidentalUpPrefix + " --hostname=newhostname --accept-dns=false --accept-routes --advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/16 --advertise-tags=tag:foo,tag:bar --exit-node=100.64.5.6 --host-routes=false --netfilter-mode=nodivert --operator=alice --shields-up",
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "remove_all_implicit_except_hostname",
-			flagSet: f("hostname"),
+			name:  "loggedout_is_implicit",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname=foo"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				WantRunning:      true,
 				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				RouteAll:         true,
-				AllowSingleHosts: false,
-				ExitNodeIP:       netaddr.MustParseIP("100.64.5.6"),
+				LoggedOut:        true,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
 				CorpDNS:          true,
-				ShieldsUp:        true,
-				AdvertiseTags:    []string{"tag:foo", "tag:bar"},
-				Hostname:         "myhostname",
-				ForceDaemon:      true,
-				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),
-				},
-				NetfilterMode: preftype.NetfilterNoDivert,
-				OperatorUser:  "alice",
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 			},
-			curUser: "eve",
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					WantRunning: true,
-					Hostname:    "newhostname",
-				},
-				HostnameSet: true,
-			},
-			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --hostname=newhostname --accept-routes --exit-node=100.64.5.6 --accept-dns --shields-up --advertise-tags=tag:foo,tag:bar --unattended --advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/16 --netfilter-mode=nodivert --operator=alice",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "loggedout_is_implicit",
-			flagSet: f("advertise-exit-node"),
-			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				LoggedOut:  true,
-			},
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-					},
-				},
-				AdvertiseRoutesSet: true,
-			},
-			// not an error. LoggedOut is implicit.
-			want: "",
+			want: "", // not an error. LoggedOut is implicit.
 		},
 		{
 			// Test that a pre-1.8 version of Tailscale with bogus NoSNAT pref
 			// values is able to enable exit nodes without warnings.
-			name:    "make_windows_exit_node",
-			flagSet: f("advertise-exit-node"),
+			name:  "make_windows_exit_node",
+			flags: []string{"--advertise-exit-node"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				NoSNAT:     true, // assume this no-op accidental pre-1.8 value
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+
+				// And assume this no-op accidental pre-1.8 value:
+				NoSNAT: true,
 			},
 			goos: "windows",
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-						netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
-					},
+			want: "", // not an error
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "ignore_netfilter_change_non_linux",
+			flags: []string{"--accept-dns"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+
+				NetfilterMode: preftype.NetfilterNoDivert, // we never had this bug, but pretend it got set non-zero on Windows somehow
+			},
+			goos: "windows",
+			want: "", // not an error
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "operator_losing_routes_step1", // https://twitter.com/EXPbits/status/1390418145047887877
+			flags: []string{"--operator=expbits"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("1.2.0.0/16"),
 				},
-				AdvertiseRoutesSet: true,
+			},
+			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --operator=expbits --advertise-exit-node --advertise-routes=1.2.0.0/16",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "operator_losing_routes_step2", // https://twitter.com/EXPbits/status/1390418145047887877
+			flags: []string{"--operator=expbits", "--advertise-routes=1.2.0.0/16"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				AdvertiseRoutes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("::/0"),
+					netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("1.2.0.0/16"),
+				},
+			},
+			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --advertise-routes=1.2.0.0/16 --operator=expbits --advertise-exit-node",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "errors_preserve_explicit_flags",
+			flags: []string{"--reset", "--force-reauth=false", "--authkey=secretrand"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				WantRunning:      false,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+
+				Hostname: "foo",
+			},
+			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --authkey=secretrand --force-reauth=false --reset --hostname=foo",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "error_exit_node_omit_with_ip_pref",
+			flags: []string{"--hostname=foo"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+
+				ExitNodeIP: netaddr.MustParseIP("100.64.5.4"),
+			},
+			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --hostname=foo --exit-node=100.64.5.4",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "error_exit_node_omit_with_id_pref",
+			flags:         []string{"--hostname=foo"},
+			curExitNodeIP: netaddr.MustParseIP("100.64.5.7"),
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+
+				ExitNodeID: "some_stable_id",
+			},
+			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --hostname=foo --exit-node=100.64.5.7",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "ignore_login_server_synonym",
+			flags: []string{"--login-server=https://controlplane.tailscale.com"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       "https://login.tailscale.com",
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 			},
 			want: "", // not an error
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "ignore_netfilter_change_non_linux",
-			flagSet: f("accept-dns"),
+			name:  "ignore_login_server_synonym_on_other_change",
+			flags: []string{"--netfilter-mode=off"},
 			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
-				ControlURL:    ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-				NetfilterMode: preftype.NetfilterNoDivert, // we never had this bug, but pretend it got set non-zero on Windows somehow
+				ControlURL:       "https://login.tailscale.com",
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          false,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
 			},
-			goos: "windows",
-			mp: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-				Prefs: ipn.Prefs{
-					ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
-					CorpDNS:    false,
-				},
-				CorpDNSSet: true,
-			},
-			want: "", // not an error
+			want: accidentalUpPrefix + " --netfilter-mode=off --accept-dns=false",
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -479,8 +433,20 @@ func TestCheckForAccidentalSettingReverts(t *testing.T) {
 			if tt.goos != "" {
 				goos = tt.goos
 			}
+			var upArgs upArgsT
+			flagSet := newUpFlagSet(goos, &upArgs)
+			flagSet.Parse(tt.flags)
+			newPrefs, err := prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs, t.Logf, new(ipnstate.Status), goos)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			applyImplicitPrefs(newPrefs, tt.curPrefs, tt.curUser)
 			var got string
-			if err := checkForAccidentalSettingReverts(tt.flagSet, tt.curPrefs, tt.mp, goos, tt.curUser); err != nil {
+			if err := checkForAccidentalSettingReverts(newPrefs, tt.curPrefs, upCheckEnv{
+				goos:          goos,
+				flagSet:       flagSet,
+				curExitNodeIP: tt.curExitNodeIP,
+			}); err != nil {
 				got = err.Error()
 			}
 			if strings.TrimSpace(got) != tt.want {
@@ -490,16 +456,6 @@ func TestCheckForAccidentalSettingReverts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func defaultPrefsFromUpArgs(t testing.TB, goos string) *ipn.Prefs {
-	upArgs := upArgsFromOSArgs(goos)
-	prefs, err := prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs, logger.Discard, new(ipnstate.Status), "linux")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("defaultPrefsFromUpArgs: %v", err)
-	}
-	prefs.WantRunning = true
-	return prefs
-}
-
 func upArgsFromOSArgs(goos string, flagArgs ...string) (args upArgsT) {
 	fs := newUpFlagSet(goos, &args)
 	fs.Parse(flagArgs) // populates args
@@ -575,7 +531,7 @@ func TestPrefsFromUpArgs(t *testing.T) {
 			args: upArgsT{
 				exitNodeIP: "foo",
 			},
-			wantErr: `invalid IP address "foo" for --exit-node: unable to parse IP`,
+			wantErr: `invalid IP address "foo" for --exit-node: ParseIP("foo"): unable to parse IP`,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "error_exit_node_allow_lan_without_exit_node",
@@ -695,10 +651,17 @@ func TestPrefsFromUpArgs(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrefFlagMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	prefHasFlag := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, pv := range prefsOfFlag {
+		for _, pref := range pv {
+			prefHasFlag[pref] = true
+		}
+	}
+
 	prefType := reflect.TypeOf(ipn.Prefs{})
 	for i := 0; i < prefType.NumField(); i++ {
 		prefName := prefType.Field(i).Name
-		if _, ok := flagForPref[prefName]; ok {
+		if prefHasFlag[prefName] {
 			continue
 		}
 		switch prefName {
@@ -716,3 +679,120 @@ func TestPrefFlagMapping(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected new ipn.Pref field %q is not handled by up.go (see addPrefFlagMapping and checkForAccidentalSettingReverts)", prefName)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFlagAppliesToOS(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, goos := range geese {
+		var upArgs upArgsT
+		fs := newUpFlagSet(goos, &upArgs)
+		fs.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+			if !flagAppliesToOS(f.Name, goos) {
+				t.Errorf("flagAppliesToOS(%q, %q) = false but found in %s set", f.Name, goos, goos)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePrefs(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		flags    []string // argv to be parsed into env.flagSet and env.upArgs
+		curPrefs *ipn.Prefs
+		env      upCheckEnv // empty goos means "linux"
+
+		wantSimpleUp   bool
+		wantJustEditMP *ipn.MaskedPrefs
+		wantErrSubtr   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "bare_up_means_up",
+			flags: []string{},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:  ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				WantRunning: false,
+				Hostname:    "foo",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "just_up",
+			flags: []string{},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				Persist:    &persist.Persist{LoginName: "crawshaw.github"},
+			},
+			env: upCheckEnv{
+				backendState: "Stopped",
+			},
+			wantSimpleUp: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "just_edit",
+			flags: []string{},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL: ipn.DefaultControlURL,
+				Persist:    &persist.Persist{LoginName: "crawshaw.github"},
+			},
+			env:            upCheckEnv{backendState: "Running"},
+			wantSimpleUp:   true,
+			wantJustEditMP: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{WantRunningSet: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "control_synonym",
+			flags: []string{},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL: "https://login.tailscale.com",
+				Persist:    &persist.Persist{LoginName: "crawshaw.github"},
+			},
+			env:            upCheckEnv{backendState: "Running"},
+			wantSimpleUp:   true,
+			wantJustEditMP: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{WantRunningSet: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "change_login_server",
+			flags: []string{"--login-server=https://localhost:1000"},
+			curPrefs: &ipn.Prefs{
+				ControlURL:       "https://login.tailscale.com",
+				Persist:          &persist.Persist{LoginName: "crawshaw.github"},
+				AllowSingleHosts: true,
+				CorpDNS:          true,
+				NetfilterMode:    preftype.NetfilterOn,
+			},
+			env:            upCheckEnv{backendState: "Running"},
+			wantSimpleUp:   true,
+			wantJustEditMP: &ipn.MaskedPrefs{WantRunningSet: true},
+			wantErrSubtr:   "can't change --login-server without --force-reauth",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.env.goos == "" {
+				tt.env.goos = "linux"
+			}
+			tt.env.flagSet = newUpFlagSet(tt.env.goos, &tt.env.upArgs)
+			tt.env.flagSet.Parse(tt.flags)
+
+			newPrefs, err := prefsFromUpArgs(tt.env.upArgs, t.Logf, new(ipnstate.Status), tt.env.goos)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			simpleUp, justEditMP, err := updatePrefs(newPrefs, tt.curPrefs, tt.env)
+			if err != nil {
+				if tt.wantErrSubtr != "" {
+					if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tt.wantErrSubtr) {
+						t.Fatalf("want error %q, got: %v", tt.wantErrSubtr, err)
+					}
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if simpleUp != tt.wantSimpleUp {
+				t.Fatalf("simpleUp=%v, want %v", simpleUp, tt.wantSimpleUp)
+			}
+			if justEditMP != nil {
+				justEditMP.Prefs = ipn.Prefs{} // uninteresting
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(justEditMP, tt.wantJustEditMP) {
+				t.Fatalf("justEditMP: %v", cmp.Diff(justEditMP, tt.wantJustEditMP))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/debug.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ var debugCmd = &ffcli.Command{
 		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.goroutines, "daemon-goroutines", false, "If true, dump the tailscaled daemon's goroutines")
 		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.ipn, "ipn", false, "If true, subscribe to IPN notifications")
 		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.prefs, "prefs", false, "If true, dump active prefs")
+		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.derpMap, "derp", false, "If true, dump DERP map")
 		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.pretty, "pretty", false, "If true, pretty-print output (for --prefs)")
 		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.netMap, "netmap", true, "whether to include netmap in --ipn mode")
 		fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.localCreds, "local-creds", false, "print how to connect to local tailscaled")
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ var debugArgs struct {
 	goroutines bool
 	ipn        bool
 	netMap     bool
+	derpMap    bool
 	file       string
 	prefs      bool
 	pretty     bool
@@ -87,6 +89,18 @@ func runDebug(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		os.Stdout.Write(goroutines)
 		return nil
 	}
+	if debugArgs.derpMap {
+		dm, err := tailscale.CurrentDERPMap(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf(
+				"failed to get local derp map, instead `curl %s/derpmap/default`: %w", ipn.DefaultControlURL, err,
+			)
+		}
+		enc := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
+		enc.SetIndent("", "\t")
+		enc.Encode(dm)
+		return nil
+	}
 	if debugArgs.ipn {
 		c, bc, ctx, cancel := connect(ctx)
 		defer cancel()

cmd/tailscale/cli/diag.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux || windows || darwin
+// +build linux windows darwin
+
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	ps "github.com/mitchellh/go-ps"
+)
+
+// fixTailscaledConnectError is called when the local tailscaled has
+// been determined unreachable due to the provided origErr value. It
+// returns either the same error or a better one to help the user
+// understand why tailscaled isn't running for their platform.
+func fixTailscaledConnectError(origErr error) error {
+	procs, err := ps.Processes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local Tailscaled process and failed to enumerate processes while looking for it")
+	}
+	found := false
+	for _, proc := range procs {
+		base := filepath.Base(proc.Executable())
+		if base == "tailscaled" {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+		if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && base == "IPNExtension" {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && strings.EqualFold(base, "tailscaled.exe") {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		switch runtime.GOOS {
+		case "windows":
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local tailscaled process; is the Tailscale service running?")
+		case "darwin":
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local Tailscale service; is Tailscale running?")
+		case "linux":
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local tailscaled; it doesn't appear to be running (sudo systemctl start tailscaled ?)")
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local tailscaled process; it doesn't appear to be running")
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local tailscaled (which appears to be running). Got error: %w", origErr)
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/diag_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !linux && !windows && !darwin
+// +build !linux,!windows,!darwin
+
+package cli
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// The github.com/mitchellh/go-ps package doesn't work on all platforms,
+// so just don't diagnose connect failures.
+
+func fixTailscaledConnectError(origErr error) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to local tailscaled process (is it running?); got: %w", origErr)
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/file.go

@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ func runCp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		return runCpTargets(ctx, args)
 	}
 	if len(args) < 2 {
-		//lint:ignore ST1005 no sorry need that colon at the end
 		return errors.New("usage: tailscale file cp <files...> <target>:")
 	}
 	files, target := args[:len(args)-1], args[len(args)-1]
@@ -97,14 +96,12 @@ func runCp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	peerAPIBase, lastSeen, isOffline, err := discoverPeerAPIBase(ctx, ip)
+	peerAPIBase, isOffline, err := discoverPeerAPIBase(ctx, ip)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("can't send to %s: %v", target, err)
 	}
 	if isOffline {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "# warning: %s is offline\n", target)
-	} else if !lastSeen.IsZero() && time.Since(lastSeen) > lastSeenOld {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "# warning: %s last seen %v ago\n", target, time.Since(lastSeen).Round(time.Minute))
 	}
 
 	if len(files) > 1 {
@@ -182,29 +179,26 @@ func runCp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func discoverPeerAPIBase(ctx context.Context, ipStr string) (base string, lastSeen time.Time, isOffline bool, err error) {
+func discoverPeerAPIBase(ctx context.Context, ipStr string) (base string, isOffline bool, err error) {
 	ip, err := netaddr.ParseIP(ipStr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", time.Time{}, false, err
+		return "", false, err
 	}
 	fts, err := tailscale.FileTargets(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", time.Time{}, false, err
+		return "", false, err
 	}
 	for _, ft := range fts {
 		n := ft.Node
 		for _, a := range n.Addresses {
-			if a.IP != ip {
+			if a.IP() != ip {
 				continue
 			}
-			if n.LastSeen != nil {
-				lastSeen = *n.LastSeen
-			}
 			isOffline = n.Online != nil && !*n.Online
-			return ft.PeerAPIURL, lastSeen, isOffline, nil
+			return ft.PeerAPIURL, isOffline, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return "", time.Time{}, false, fileTargetErrorDetail(ctx, ip)
+	return "", false, fileTargetErrorDetail(ctx, ip)
 }
 
 // fileTargetErrorDetail returns a non-nil error saying why ip is an
@@ -274,8 +268,6 @@ func (r *slowReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-const lastSeenOld = 20 * time.Minute
-
 func runCpTargets(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	if len(args) > 0 {
 		return errors.New("invalid arguments with --targets")
@@ -301,7 +293,7 @@ func runCpTargets(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		if detail != "" {
 			detail = "\t" + detail
 		}
-		fmt.Printf("%s\t%s%s\n", n.Addresses[0].IP, n.ComputedName, detail)
+		fmt.Printf("%s\t%s%s\n", n.Addresses[0].IP(), n.ComputedName, detail)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

cmd/tailscale/cli/netcheck.go

@@ -9,14 +9,18 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2/ffcli"
-	"tailscale.com/derp/derpmap"
+	"tailscale.com/client/tailscale"
+	"tailscale.com/ipn"
 	"tailscale.com/net/netcheck"
 	"tailscale.com/net/portmapper"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ var netcheckArgs struct {
 func runNetcheck(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	c := &netcheck.Client{
 		UDPBindAddr: os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_NETCHECK_UDP_BIND"),
-		PortMapper:  portmapper.NewClient(logger.WithPrefix(log.Printf, "portmap: ")),
+		PortMapper:  portmapper.NewClient(logger.WithPrefix(log.Printf, "portmap: "), nil),
 	}
 	if netcheckArgs.verbose {
 		c.Logf = logger.WithPrefix(log.Printf, "netcheck: ")
@@ -59,7 +63,13 @@ func runNetcheck(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "# Warning: this JSON format is not yet considered a stable interface")
 	}
 
-	dm := derpmap.Prod()
+	dm, err := tailscale.CurrentDERPMap(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		dm, err = prodDERPMap(ctx, http.DefaultClient)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	for {
 		t0 := time.Now()
 		report, err := c.GetReport(ctx, dm)
@@ -176,3 +186,27 @@ func portMapping(r *netcheck.Report) string {
 	}
 	return strings.Join(got, ", ")
 }
+
+func prodDERPMap(ctx context.Context, httpc *http.Client) (*tailcfg.DERPMap, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", ipn.DefaultControlURL+"/derpmap/default", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create prodDERPMap request: %w", err)
+	}
+	res, err := httpc.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch prodDERPMap failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(res.Body, 1<<20))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch prodDERPMap failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch prodDERPMap: %v: %s", res.Status, b)
+	}
+	var derpMap tailcfg.DERPMap
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(b, &derpMap); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch prodDERPMap: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &derpMap, nil
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/ping.go

@@ -139,6 +139,9 @@ func runPing(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 			if !anyPong {
 				return errors.New("no reply")
 			}
+			if pingArgs.untilDirect {
+				return errors.New("direct connection not established")
+			}
 			return nil
 		}
 	}

cmd/tailscale/cli/status.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2/ffcli"
 	"github.com/toqueteos/webbrowser"
@@ -57,12 +56,12 @@ var statusArgs struct {
 func runStatus(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	st, err := tailscale.Status(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fixTailscaledConnectError(err)
 	}
 	if statusArgs.json {
 		if statusArgs.active {
 			for peer, ps := range st.Peer {
-				if !peerActive(ps) {
+				if !ps.Active {
 					delete(st.Peer, peer)
 				}
 			}
@@ -130,7 +129,6 @@ func runStatus(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	f := func(format string, a ...interface{}) { fmt.Fprintf(&buf, format, a...) }
 	printPS := func(ps *ipnstate.PeerStatus) {
-		active := peerActive(ps)
 		f("%-15s %-20s %-12s %-7s ",
 			firstIPString(ps.TailscaleIPs),
 			dnsOrQuoteHostname(st, ps),
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ func runStatus(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		)
 		relay := ps.Relay
 		anyTraffic := ps.TxBytes != 0 || ps.RxBytes != 0
-		if !active {
+		if !ps.Active {
 			if ps.ExitNode {
 				f("idle; exit node")
 			} else if anyTraffic {
@@ -178,8 +176,7 @@ func runStatus(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		}
 		ipnstate.SortPeers(peers)
 		for _, ps := range peers {
-			active := peerActive(ps)
-			if statusArgs.active && !active {
+			if statusArgs.active && !ps.Active {
 				continue
 			}
 			printPS(ps)
@@ -189,13 +186,6 @@ func runStatus(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// peerActive reports whether ps has recent activity.
-//
-// TODO: have the server report this bool instead.
-func peerActive(ps *ipnstate.PeerStatus) bool {
-	return !ps.LastWrite.IsZero() && time.Since(ps.LastWrite) < 2*time.Minute
-}
-
 func dnsOrQuoteHostname(st *ipnstate.Status, ps *ipnstate.PeerStatus) string {
 	baseName := dnsname.TrimSuffix(ps.DNSName, st.MagicDNSSuffix)
 	if baseName != "" {

cmd/tailscale/cli/up.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -52,7 +51,14 @@ flag is also used.
 	Exec:    runUp,
 }
 
-var upFlagSet = newUpFlagSet(runtime.GOOS, &upArgs)
+func effectiveGOOS() string {
+	if v := os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_UP_FLAG_GOOS"); v != "" {
+		return v
+	}
+	return runtime.GOOS
+}
+
+var upFlagSet = newUpFlagSet(effectiveGOOS(), &upArgs)
 
 func newUpFlagSet(goos string, upArgs *upArgsT) *flag.FlagSet {
 	upf := flag.NewFlagSet("up", flag.ExitOnError)
@@ -64,13 +70,13 @@ func newUpFlagSet(goos string, upArgs *upArgsT) *flag.FlagSet {
 	upf.BoolVar(&upArgs.acceptRoutes, "accept-routes", false, "accept routes advertised by other Tailscale nodes")
 	upf.BoolVar(&upArgs.acceptDNS, "accept-dns", true, "accept DNS configuration from the admin panel")
 	upf.BoolVar(&upArgs.singleRoutes, "host-routes", true, "install host routes to other Tailscale nodes")
-	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.exitNodeIP, "exit-node", "", "Tailscale IP of the exit node for internet traffic")
+	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.exitNodeIP, "exit-node", "", "Tailscale IP of the exit node for internet traffic, or empty string to not use an exit node")
 	upf.BoolVar(&upArgs.exitNodeAllowLANAccess, "exit-node-allow-lan-access", false, "Allow direct access to the local network when routing traffic via an exit node")
 	upf.BoolVar(&upArgs.shieldsUp, "shields-up", false, "don't allow incoming connections")
 	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.advertiseTags, "advertise-tags", "", "comma-separated ACL tags to request; each must start with \"tag:\" (e.g. \"tag:eng,tag:montreal,tag:ssh\")")
 	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.authKey, "authkey", "", "node authorization key")
 	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.hostname, "hostname", "", "hostname to use instead of the one provided by the OS")
-	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.advertiseRoutes, "advertise-routes", "", "routes to advertise to other nodes (comma-separated, e.g. \"10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/24\")")
+	upf.StringVar(&upArgs.advertiseRoutes, "advertise-routes", "", "routes to advertise to other nodes (comma-separated, e.g. \"10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/24\") or empty string to not advertise routes")
 	upf.BoolVar(&upArgs.advertiseDefaultRoute, "advertise-exit-node", false, "offer to be an exit node for internet traffic for the tailnet")
 	if safesocket.GOOSUsesPeerCreds(goos) {
 		upf.StringVar(&upArgs.opUser, "operator", "", "Unix username to allow to operate on tailscaled without sudo")
@@ -165,10 +171,10 @@ func prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs upArgsT, warnf logger.Logf, st *ipnstate.Status, goo
 		routes = append(routes, r)
 	}
 	sort.Slice(routes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		if routes[i].Bits != routes[j].Bits {
-			return routes[i].Bits < routes[j].Bits
+		if routes[i].Bits() != routes[j].Bits() {
+			return routes[i].Bits() < routes[j].Bits()
 		}
-		return routes[i].IP.Less(routes[j].IP)
+		return routes[i].IP().Less(routes[j].IP())
 	})
 
 	var exitNodeIP netaddr.IP
@@ -231,7 +237,9 @@ func prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs upArgsT, warnf logger.Logf, st *ipnstate.Status, goo
 			warnf("netfilter=nodivert; add iptables calls to ts-* chains manually.")
 		case "off":
 			prefs.NetfilterMode = preftype.NetfilterOff
-			warnf("netfilter=off; configure iptables yourself.")
+			if defaultNetfilterMode() != "off" {
+				warnf("netfilter=off; configure iptables yourself.")
+			}
 		default:
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid value --netfilter-mode=%q", upArgs.netfilterMode)
 		}
@@ -239,6 +247,53 @@ func prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs upArgsT, warnf logger.Logf, st *ipnstate.Status, goo
 	return prefs, nil
 }
 
+// updatePrefs updates prefs based on curPrefs
+//
+// It returns a non-nil justEditMP if we're already running and none of
+// the flags require a restart, so we can just do an EditPrefs call and
+// change the prefs at runtime (e.g. changing hostname, changing
+// advertised tags, routes, etc).
+//
+// It returns simpleUp if we're running a simple "tailscale up" to
+// transition to running from a previously-logged-in but down state,
+// without changing any settings.
+func updatePrefs(prefs, curPrefs *ipn.Prefs, env upCheckEnv) (simpleUp bool, justEditMP *ipn.MaskedPrefs, err error) {
+	if !env.upArgs.reset {
+		applyImplicitPrefs(prefs, curPrefs, env.user)
+
+		if err := checkForAccidentalSettingReverts(prefs, curPrefs, env); err != nil {
+			return false, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	controlURLChanged := curPrefs.ControlURL != prefs.ControlURL &&
+		!(ipn.IsLoginServerSynonym(curPrefs.ControlURL) && ipn.IsLoginServerSynonym(prefs.ControlURL))
+	if controlURLChanged && env.backendState == ipn.Running.String() && !env.upArgs.forceReauth {
+		return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("can't change --login-server without --force-reauth")
+	}
+
+	simpleUp = env.flagSet.NFlag() == 0 &&
+		curPrefs.Persist != nil &&
+		curPrefs.Persist.LoginName != "" &&
+		env.backendState != ipn.NeedsLogin.String()
+
+	justEdit := env.backendState == ipn.Running.String() &&
+		!env.upArgs.forceReauth &&
+		!env.upArgs.reset &&
+		env.upArgs.authKey == "" &&
+		!controlURLChanged
+	if justEdit {
+		justEditMP = new(ipn.MaskedPrefs)
+		justEditMP.WantRunningSet = true
+		justEditMP.Prefs = *prefs
+		env.flagSet.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+			updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag(justEditMP, f.Name)
+		})
+	}
+
+	return simpleUp, justEditMP, nil
+}
+
 func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	if len(args) > 0 {
 		fatalf("too many non-flag arguments: %q", args)
@@ -246,7 +301,7 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 
 	st, err := tailscale.Status(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		fatalf("can't fetch status from tailscaled: %v", err)
+		return fixTailscaledConnectError(err)
 	}
 	origAuthURL := st.AuthURL
 
@@ -267,7 +322,7 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	if distro.Get() == distro.Synology {
-		notSupported := "not yet supported on Synology; see https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/451"
+		notSupported := "not supported on Synology; see https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1995"
 		if upArgs.acceptRoutes {
 			return errors.New("--accept-routes is " + notSupported)
 		}
@@ -279,7 +334,7 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	prefs, err := prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs, warnf, st, runtime.GOOS)
+	prefs, err := prefsFromUpArgs(upArgs, warnf, st, effectiveGOOS())
 	if err != nil {
 		fatalf("%s", err)
 	}
@@ -295,48 +350,23 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	flagSet := map[string]bool{}
-	mp := new(ipn.MaskedPrefs)
-	mp.WantRunningSet = true
-	mp.Prefs = *prefs
-	upFlagSet.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
-		updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag(mp, f.Name)
-		flagSet[f.Name] = true
-	})
-
-	if !upArgs.reset {
-		if err := checkForAccidentalSettingReverts(flagSet, curPrefs, mp, runtime.GOOS, os.Getenv("USER")); err != nil {
-			fatalf("%s", err)
-		}
+	env := upCheckEnv{
+		goos:          effectiveGOOS(),
+		user:          os.Getenv("USER"),
+		flagSet:       upFlagSet,
+		upArgs:        upArgs,
+		backendState:  st.BackendState,
+		curExitNodeIP: exitNodeIP(prefs, st),
 	}
-
-	controlURLChanged := curPrefs.ControlURL != prefs.ControlURL
-	if controlURLChanged && st.BackendState == ipn.Running.String() && !upArgs.forceReauth {
-		fatalf("can't change --login-server without --force-reauth")
+	simpleUp, justEditMP, err := updatePrefs(prefs, curPrefs, env)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatalf("%s", err)
 	}
-
-	// If we're already running and none of the flags require a
-	// restart, we can just do an EditPrefs call and change the
-	// prefs at runtime (e.g. changing hostname, changinged
-	// advertised tags, routes, etc)
-	justEdit := st.BackendState == ipn.Running.String() &&
-		!upArgs.forceReauth &&
-		!upArgs.reset &&
-		upArgs.authKey == "" &&
-		!controlURLChanged
-	if justEdit {
-		_, err := tailscale.EditPrefs(ctx, mp)
+	if justEditMP != nil {
+		_, err := tailscale.EditPrefs(ctx, justEditMP)
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// simpleUp is whether we're running a simple "tailscale up"
-	// to transition to running from a previously-logged-in but
-	// down state, without changing any settings.
-	simpleUp := len(flagSet) == 0 &&
-		curPrefs.Persist != nil &&
-		curPrefs.Persist.LoginName != "" &&
-		st.BackendState != ipn.NeedsLogin.String()
-
 	// At this point we need to subscribe to the IPN bus to watch
 	// for state transitions and possible need to authenticate.
 	c, bc, pumpCtx, cancel := connect(ctx)
@@ -361,7 +391,7 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		if n.ErrMessage != nil {
 			msg := *n.ErrMessage
 			if msg == ipn.ErrMsgPermissionDenied {
-				switch runtime.GOOS {
+				switch effectiveGOOS() {
 				case "windows":
 					msg += " (Tailscale service in use by other user?)"
 				default:
@@ -377,7 +407,7 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 				startLoginInteractive()
 			case ipn.NeedsMachineAuth:
 				printed = true
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nTo authorize your machine, visit (as admin):\n\n\t%s/admin/machines\n\n", upArgs.server)
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nTo authorize your machine, visit (as admin):\n\n\t%s\n\n", prefs.AdminPageURL())
 			case ipn.Starting, ipn.Running:
 				// Done full authentication process
 				if printed {
@@ -435,7 +465,7 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		// Windows service (~tailscaled) is the one that computes the
 		// StateKey based on the connection identity. So for now, just
 		// do as the Windows GUI's always done:
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		if effectiveGOOS() == "windows" {
 			// The Windows service will set this as needed based
 			// on our connection's identity.
 			opts.StateKey = ""
@@ -464,14 +494,20 @@ func runUp(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 }
 
 var (
-	flagForPref = map[string]string{} // "ExitNodeIP" => "exit-node"
-	prefsOfFlag = map[string][]string{}
+	prefsOfFlag = map[string][]string{} // "exit-node" => ExitNodeIP, ExitNodeID
 )
 
 func init() {
+	// Both these have the same ipn.Pref:
+	addPrefFlagMapping("advertise-exit-node", "AdvertiseRoutes")
+	addPrefFlagMapping("advertise-routes", "AdvertiseRoutes")
+
+	// And this flag has two ipn.Prefs:
+	addPrefFlagMapping("exit-node", "ExitNodeIP", "ExitNodeID")
+
+	// The rest are 1:1:
 	addPrefFlagMapping("accept-dns", "CorpDNS")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("accept-routes", "RouteAll")
-	addPrefFlagMapping("advertise-routes", "AdvertiseRoutes")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("advertise-tags", "AdvertiseTags")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("host-routes", "AllowSingleHosts")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("hostname", "Hostname")
@@ -479,7 +515,6 @@ func init() {
 	addPrefFlagMapping("netfilter-mode", "NetfilterMode")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("shields-up", "ShieldsUp")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("snat-subnet-routes", "NoSNAT")
-	addPrefFlagMapping("exit-node", "ExitNodeIP", "ExitNodeID")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("exit-node-allow-lan-access", "ExitNodeAllowLANAccess")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("unattended", "ForceDaemon")
 	addPrefFlagMapping("operator", "OperatorUser")
@@ -489,8 +524,6 @@ func addPrefFlagMapping(flagName string, prefNames ...string) {
 	prefsOfFlag[flagName] = prefNames
 	prefType := reflect.TypeOf(ipn.Prefs{})
 	for _, pref := range prefNames {
-		flagForPref[pref] = flagName
-
 		// Crash at runtime if there's a typo in the prefName.
 		if _, ok := prefType.FieldByName(pref); !ok {
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid ipn.Prefs field %q", pref))
@@ -498,21 +531,27 @@ func addPrefFlagMapping(flagName string, prefNames ...string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// preflessFlag reports whether flagName is a flag that doesn't
+// correspond to an ipn.Pref.
+func preflessFlag(flagName string) bool {
+	switch flagName {
+	case "authkey", "force-reauth", "reset":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func updateMaskedPrefsFromUpFlag(mp *ipn.MaskedPrefs, flagName string) {
+	if preflessFlag(flagName) {
+		return
+	}
 	if prefs, ok := prefsOfFlag[flagName]; ok {
 		for _, pref := range prefs {
 			reflect.ValueOf(mp).Elem().FieldByName(pref + "Set").SetBool(true)
 		}
 		return
 	}
-	switch flagName {
-	case "authkey", "force-reauth", "reset":
-		// Not pref-related flags.
-	case "advertise-exit-node":
-		// This pref is a shorthand for advertise-routes.
-	default:
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("internal error: unhandled flag %q", flagName))
-	}
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("internal error: unhandled flag %q", flagName))
 }
 
 const accidentalUpPrefix = "Error: changing settings via 'tailscale up' requires mentioning all\n" +
@@ -521,9 +560,20 @@ const accidentalUpPrefix = "Error: changing settings via 'tailscale up' requires
 	"all non-default settings:\n\n" +
 	"\ttailscale up"
 
-// checkForAccidentalSettingReverts checks for people running
-// "tailscale up" with a subset of the flags they originally ran it
-// with.
+// upCheckEnv are extra parameters describing the environment as
+// needed by checkForAccidentalSettingReverts and friends.
+type upCheckEnv struct {
+	goos          string
+	user          string
+	flagSet       *flag.FlagSet
+	upArgs        upArgsT
+	backendState  string
+	curExitNodeIP netaddr.IP
+}
+
+// checkForAccidentalSettingReverts (the "up checker") checks for
+// people running "tailscale up" with a subset of the flags they
+// originally ran it with.
 //
 // For example, in Tailscale 1.6 and prior, a user might've advertised
 // a tag, but later tried to change just one other setting and forgot
@@ -535,178 +585,183 @@ const accidentalUpPrefix = "Error: changing settings via 'tailscale up' requires
 //
 // mp is the mask of settings actually set, where mp.Prefs is the new
 // preferences to set, including any values set from implicit flags.
-func checkForAccidentalSettingReverts(flagSet map[string]bool, curPrefs *ipn.Prefs, mp *ipn.MaskedPrefs, goos, curUser string) error {
-	if len(flagSet) == 0 {
-		// A bare "tailscale up" is a special case to just
-		// mean bringing the network up without any changes.
-		return nil
-	}
+func checkForAccidentalSettingReverts(newPrefs, curPrefs *ipn.Prefs, env upCheckEnv) error {
 	if curPrefs.ControlURL == "" {
 		// Don't validate things on initial "up" before a control URL has been set.
 		return nil
 	}
-	curWithExplicitEdits := curPrefs.Clone()
-	curWithExplicitEdits.ApplyEdits(mp)
 
-	prefType := reflect.TypeOf(ipn.Prefs{})
+	flagIsSet := map[string]bool{}
+	env.flagSet.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+		flagIsSet[f.Name] = true
+	})
 
-	// Explicit values (current + explicit edit):
-	ev := reflect.ValueOf(curWithExplicitEdits).Elem()
-	// Implicit values (what we'd get if we replaced everything with flag defaults):
-	iv := reflect.ValueOf(&mp.Prefs).Elem()
+	if len(flagIsSet) == 0 {
+		// A bare "tailscale up" is a special case to just
+		// mean bringing the network up without any changes.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// flagsCur is what flags we'd need to use to keep the exact
+	// settings as-is.
+	flagsCur := prefsToFlags(env, curPrefs)
+	flagsNew := prefsToFlags(env, newPrefs)
 
 	var missing []string
-	flagExplicitValue := map[string]interface{}{} // e.g. "accept-dns" => true (from flagSet)
-	for i := 0; i < prefType.NumField(); i++ {
-		prefName := prefType.Field(i).Name
-		// Persist is a legacy field used for storing keys, which
-		// probably should never have been part of Prefs. It's
-		// likely to migrate elsewhere eventually.
-		if prefName == "Persist" {
+	for flagName := range flagsCur {
+		valCur, valNew := flagsCur[flagName], flagsNew[flagName]
+		if flagIsSet[flagName] {
 			continue
 		}
-		// LoggedOut is a preference, but running the "up" command
-		// always implies that the user now prefers LoggedOut->false.
-		if prefName == "LoggedOut" {
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(valCur, valNew) {
 			continue
 		}
-		flagName, hasFlag := flagForPref[prefName]
-
-		// Special case for advertise-exit-node; which is a
-		// flag but doesn't have a corresponding pref.  The
-		// flag augments advertise-routes, so we have to infer
-		// the imaginary pref's current value from the routes.
-		if prefName == "AdvertiseRoutes" &&
-			hasExitNodeRoutes(curPrefs.AdvertiseRoutes) &&
-			!hasExitNodeRoutes(curWithExplicitEdits.AdvertiseRoutes) &&
-			!flagSet["advertise-exit-node"] {
-			missing = append(missing, "--advertise-exit-node")
-		}
-
-		if hasFlag && flagSet[flagName] {
-			flagExplicitValue[flagName] = ev.Field(i).Interface()
+		if flagName == "login-server" && ipn.IsLoginServerSynonym(valCur) && ipn.IsLoginServerSynonym(valNew) {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		if prefName == "AdvertiseRoutes" &&
-			(len(curPrefs.AdvertiseRoutes) == 0 ||
-				hasExitNodeRoutes(curPrefs.AdvertiseRoutes) && len(curPrefs.AdvertiseRoutes) == 2) &&
-			hasExitNodeRoutes(mp.Prefs.AdvertiseRoutes) &&
-			len(mp.Prefs.AdvertiseRoutes) == 2 &&
-			flagSet["advertise-exit-node"] {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Get explicit value and implicit value
-		ex, im := ev.Field(i), iv.Field(i)
-		switch ex.Kind() {
-		case reflect.String, reflect.Slice:
-			if ex.Kind() == reflect.Slice && ex.Len() == 0 && im.Len() == 0 {
-				// Treat nil and non-nil empty slices as equivalent.
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		exi, imi := ex.Interface(), im.Interface()
-
-		if reflect.DeepEqual(exi, imi) {
-			continue
-		}
-		switch flagName {
-		case "operator":
-			if imi == "" && exi == curUser {
-				// Don't require setting operator if the current user matches
-				// the configured operator.
-				continue
-			}
-		case "snat-subnet-routes", "netfilter-mode":
-			if goos != "linux" {
-				// Issue 1833: we used to accidentally set the NoSNAT
-				// pref for non-Linux nodes. It only affects Linux, so
-				// ignore it if it changes. Likewise, ignore
-				// Linux-only netfilter-mode on non-Linux.
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		switch flagName {
-		case "":
-			return fmt.Errorf("'tailscale up' without --reset requires all preferences with changing values to be explicitly mentioned; this command would change the value of flagless pref %q", prefName)
-		case "exit-node":
-			if prefName == "ExitNodeIP" {
-				missing = append(missing, fmtFlagValueArg("exit-node", fmtSettingVal(exi)))
-			}
-		case "advertise-routes":
-			routes := withoutExitNodes(exi.([]netaddr.IPPrefix))
-			missing = append(missing, fmtFlagValueArg("advertise-routes", fmtSettingVal(routes)))
-		default:
-			missing = append(missing, fmtFlagValueArg(flagName, fmtSettingVal(exi)))
-		}
+		missing = append(missing, fmtFlagValueArg(flagName, valCur))
 	}
 	if len(missing) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
+	sort.Strings(missing)
+
+	// Compute the stringification of the explicitly provided args in flagSet
+	// to prepend to the command to run.
+	var explicit []string
+	env.flagSet.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+		type isBool interface {
+			IsBoolFlag() bool
+		}
+		if ib, ok := f.Value.(isBool); ok && ib.IsBoolFlag() {
+			if f.Value.String() == "false" {
+				explicit = append(explicit, "--"+f.Name+"=false")
+			} else {
+				explicit = append(explicit, "--"+f.Name)
+			}
+		} else {
+			explicit = append(explicit, fmtFlagValueArg(f.Name, f.Value.String()))
+		}
+	})
+
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	sb.WriteString(accidentalUpPrefix)
 
-	var flagSetSorted []string
-	for f := range flagSet {
-		flagSetSorted = append(flagSetSorted, f)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(flagSetSorted)
-	for _, flagName := range flagSetSorted {
-		if ev, ok := flagExplicitValue[flagName]; ok {
-			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " %s", fmtFlagValueArg(flagName, fmtSettingVal(ev)))
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " --%s", flagName)
-		}
-	}
-	for _, a := range missing {
+	for _, a := range append(explicit, missing...) {
 		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " %s", a)
 	}
 	sb.WriteString("\n\n")
 	return errors.New(sb.String())
 }
 
-func fmtFlagValueArg(flagName, val string) string {
-	if val == "true" {
-		// TODO: check flagName's type to see if its Pref is of type bool
+// applyImplicitPrefs mutates prefs to add implicit preferences. Currently
+// this is just the operator user, which only needs to be set if it doesn't
+// match the current user.
+//
+// curUser is os.Getenv("USER"). It's pulled out for testability.
+func applyImplicitPrefs(prefs, oldPrefs *ipn.Prefs, curUser string) {
+	if prefs.OperatorUser == "" && oldPrefs.OperatorUser == curUser {
+		prefs.OperatorUser = oldPrefs.OperatorUser
+	}
+}
+
+func flagAppliesToOS(flag, goos string) bool {
+	switch flag {
+	case "netfilter-mode", "snat-subnet-routes":
+		return goos == "linux"
+	case "unattended":
+		return goos == "windows"
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func prefsToFlags(env upCheckEnv, prefs *ipn.Prefs) (flagVal map[string]interface{}) {
+	ret := make(map[string]interface{})
+
+	exitNodeIPStr := func() string {
+		if !prefs.ExitNodeIP.IsZero() {
+			return prefs.ExitNodeIP.String()
+		}
+		if prefs.ExitNodeID.IsZero() || env.curExitNodeIP.IsZero() {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return env.curExitNodeIP.String()
+	}
+
+	fs := newUpFlagSet(env.goos, new(upArgsT) /* dummy */)
+	fs.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+		if preflessFlag(f.Name) {
+			return
+		}
+		set := func(v interface{}) {
+			if flagAppliesToOS(f.Name, env.goos) {
+				ret[f.Name] = v
+			} else {
+				ret[f.Name] = nil
+			}
+		}
+		switch f.Name {
+		default:
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unhandled flag %q", f.Name))
+		case "login-server":
+			set(prefs.ControlURL)
+		case "accept-routes":
+			set(prefs.RouteAll)
+		case "host-routes":
+			set(prefs.AllowSingleHosts)
+		case "accept-dns":
+			set(prefs.CorpDNS)
+		case "shields-up":
+			set(prefs.ShieldsUp)
+		case "exit-node":
+			set(exitNodeIPStr())
+		case "exit-node-allow-lan-access":
+			set(prefs.ExitNodeAllowLANAccess)
+		case "advertise-tags":
+			set(strings.Join(prefs.AdvertiseTags, ","))
+		case "hostname":
+			set(prefs.Hostname)
+		case "operator":
+			set(prefs.OperatorUser)
+		case "advertise-routes":
+			var sb strings.Builder
+			for i, r := range withoutExitNodes(prefs.AdvertiseRoutes) {
+				if i > 0 {
+					sb.WriteByte(',')
+				}
+				sb.WriteString(r.String())
+			}
+			set(sb.String())
+		case "advertise-exit-node":
+			set(hasExitNodeRoutes(prefs.AdvertiseRoutes))
+		case "snat-subnet-routes":
+			set(!prefs.NoSNAT)
+		case "netfilter-mode":
+			set(prefs.NetfilterMode.String())
+		case "unattended":
+			set(prefs.ForceDaemon)
+		}
+	})
+	return ret
+}
+
+func fmtFlagValueArg(flagName string, val interface{}) string {
+	if val == true {
 		return "--" + flagName
 	}
 	if val == "" {
 		return "--" + flagName + "="
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("--%s=%v", flagName, shellquote.Join(val))
-}
-
-func fmtSettingVal(v interface{}) string {
-	switch v := v.(type) {
-	case bool:
-		return strconv.FormatBool(v)
-	case string:
-		return v
-	case preftype.NetfilterMode:
-		return v.String()
-	case []string:
-		return strings.Join(v, ",")
-	case []netaddr.IPPrefix:
-		var sb strings.Builder
-		for i, r := range v {
-			if i > 0 {
-				sb.WriteByte(',')
-			}
-			sb.WriteString(r.String())
-		}
-		return sb.String()
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprint(v)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("--%s=%v", flagName, shellquote.Join(fmt.Sprint(val)))
 }
 
 func hasExitNodeRoutes(rr []netaddr.IPPrefix) bool {
 	var v4, v6 bool
 	for _, r := range rr {
-		if r.Bits == 0 {
-			if r.IP.Is4() {
+		if r.Bits() == 0 {
+			if r.IP().Is4() {
 				v4 = true
-			} else if r.IP.Is6() {
+			} else if r.IP().Is6() {
 				v6 = true
 			}
 		}
@@ -723,9 +778,33 @@ func withoutExitNodes(rr []netaddr.IPPrefix) []netaddr.IPPrefix {
 	}
 	var out []netaddr.IPPrefix
 	for _, r := range rr {
-		if r.Bits > 0 {
+		if r.Bits() > 0 {
 			out = append(out, r)
 		}
 	}
 	return out
 }
+
+// exitNodeIP returns the exit node IP from p, using st to map
+// it from its ID form to an IP address if needed.
+func exitNodeIP(p *ipn.Prefs, st *ipnstate.Status) (ip netaddr.IP) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !p.ExitNodeIP.IsZero() {
+		return p.ExitNodeIP
+	}
+	id := p.ExitNodeID
+	if id.IsZero() {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, p := range st.Peer {
+		if p.ID == id {
+			if len(p.TailscaleIPs) > 0 {
+				return p.TailscaleIPs[0]
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}

cmd/tailscale/cli/web.go

@@ -9,12 +9,16 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	_ "embed"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/xml"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/cgi"
+	"net/url"
 	"os/exec"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/ipn"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 	"tailscale.com/types/preftype"
+	"tailscale.com/util/groupmember"
 	"tailscale.com/version/distro"
 )
 
@@ -33,6 +38,9 @@ var webHTML string
 //go:embed web.css
 var webCSS string
 
+//go:embed auth-redirect.html
+var authenticationRedirectHTML string
+
 var tmpl *template.Template
 
 func init() {
@@ -53,6 +61,14 @@ var webCmd = &ffcli.Command{
 	ShortUsage: "web [flags]",
 	ShortHelp:  "Run a web server for controlling Tailscale",
 
+	LongHelp: strings.TrimSpace(`
+"tailscale web" runs a webserver for controlling the Tailscale daemon.
+
+It's primarily intended for use on Synology, QNAP, and other
+NAS devices where a web interface is the natural place to control
+Tailscale, as opposed to a CLI or a native app.
+`),
+
 	FlagSet: (func() *flag.FlagSet {
 		webf := flag.NewFlagSet("web", flag.ExitOnError)
 		webf.StringVar(&webArgs.listen, "listen", "localhost:8088", "listen address; use port 0 for automatic")
@@ -79,26 +95,128 @@ func runWeb(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
+
+	log.Printf("web server running on: %s", urlOfListenAddr(webArgs.listen))
 	return http.ListenAndServe(webArgs.listen, http.HandlerFunc(webHandler))
 }
 
-func auth() (string, error) {
-	if distro.Get() == distro.Synology {
-		cmd := exec.Command("/usr/syno/synoman/webman/modules/authenticate.cgi")
-		out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("auth: %v: %s", err, out)
-		}
-		return string(out), nil
+// urlOfListenAddr parses a given listen address into a formatted URL
+func urlOfListenAddr(addr string) string {
+	host, port, _ := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if host == "" {
+		host = "127.0.0.1"
 	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://%s", net.JoinHostPort(host, port))
+}
 
+// authorize returns the name of the user accessing the web UI after verifying
+// whether the user has access to the web UI. The function will write the
+// error to the provided http.ResponseWriter.
+// Note: This is different from a tailscale user, and is typically the local
+// user on the node.
+func authorize(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (string, error) {
+	switch distro.Get() {
+	case distro.Synology:
+		user, err := synoAuthn()
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if err := authorizeSynology(user); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusForbidden)
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return user, nil
+	case distro.QNAP:
+		user, resp, err := qnapAuthn(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if resp.IsAdmin == 0 {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusForbidden)
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return user, nil
+	}
 	return "", nil
 }
 
-func synoTokenRedirect(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
-	if distro.Get() != distro.Synology {
-		return false
+// authorizeSynology checks whether the provided user has access to the web UI
+// by consulting the membership of the "administrators" group.
+func authorizeSynology(name string) error {
+	yes, err := groupmember.IsMemberOfGroup("administrators", name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
+	if !yes {
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a member of administrators group")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type qnapAuthResponse struct {
+	AuthPassed int    `xml:"authPassed"`
+	IsAdmin    int    `xml:"isAdmin"`
+	AuthSID    string `xml:"authSid"`
+	ErrorValue int    `xml:"errorValue"`
+}
+
+func qnapAuthn(r *http.Request) (string, *qnapAuthResponse, error) {
+	user, err := r.Cookie("NAS_USER")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	token, err := r.Cookie("qtoken")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	query := url.Values{
+		"qtoken": []string{token.Value},
+		"user":   []string{user.Value},
+	}
+	u := url.URL{
+		Scheme:   r.URL.Scheme,
+		Host:     r.URL.Host,
+		Path:     "/cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi",
+		RawQuery: query.Encode(),
+	}
+	resp, err := http.Get(u.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	authResp := &qnapAuthResponse{}
+	if err := xml.Unmarshal(out, authResp); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	if authResp.AuthPassed == 0 {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("not authenticated")
+	}
+	return user.Value, authResp, nil
+}
+
+func synoAuthn() (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("/usr/syno/synoman/webman/modules/authenticate.cgi")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("auth: %v: %s", err, out)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), nil
+}
+
+func authRedirect(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
+	if distro.Get() == distro.Synology {
+		return synoTokenRedirect(w, r)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func synoTokenRedirect(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
 	if r.Header.Get("X-Syno-Token") != "" {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -132,75 +250,13 @@ req.send(null);
 </body></html>
 `
 
-const authenticationRedirectHTML = `
-<html>
-<head>
-	<title>Redirecting...</title>
-	<style>
-		html,
-		body {
-			height: 100%;
-		}
-
-		html {
-			background-color: rgb(249, 247, 246);
-			font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji";
-			line-height: 1.5;
-			-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
-			-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-			-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
-		}
-
-		body {
-			display: flex;
-			flex-direction: column;
-			align-items: center;
-			justify-content: center;
-		}
-
-		.spinner {
-			margin-bottom: 2rem;
-			border: 4px rgba(112, 110, 109, 0.5) solid;
-			border-left-color: transparent;
-			border-radius: 9999px;
-			width: 4rem;
-			height: 4rem;
-			-webkit-animation: spin 700ms linear infinite;
-      animation: spin 800ms linear infinite;
-		}
-
-		.label {
-			color: rgb(112, 110, 109);
-			padding-left: 0.4rem;
-		}
-
-		@-webkit-keyframes spin {
-			to {
-				transform: rotate(360deg);
-			}
-		}
-
-		@keyframes spin {
-			to {
-				transform: rotate(360deg);
-			}
-		}
-	</style>
-</head>
-<body>
-	<div class="spinner"></div>
-	<div class="label">Redirecting...</div>
-</body>
-`
-
 func webHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	if synoTokenRedirect(w, r) {
+	if authRedirect(w, r) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	user, err := auth()
+	user, err := authorize(w, r)
 	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusForbidden)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -214,7 +270,8 @@ func webHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		url, err := tailscaleUpForceReauth(r.Context())
 		if err != nil {
-			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(mi{"error": err})
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(mi{"error": err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
 		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(mi{"url": url})
@@ -223,7 +280,7 @@ func webHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	st, err := tailscale.Status(r.Context())
 	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -241,7 +298,7 @@ func webHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	if err := tmpl.Execute(buf, data); err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 	w.Write(buf.Bytes())
@@ -320,6 +377,10 @@ func tailscaleUpForceReauth(ctx context.Context) (authURL string, retErr error)
 	})
 	bc.StartLoginInteractive()
 
+	<-pumpCtx.Done() // wait for authURL or complete failure
+	if authURL == "" && retErr == nil {
+		retErr = pumpCtx.Err()
+	}
 	if authURL == "" && retErr == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("login failed with no backend error message")
 	}

cmd/tailscale/cli/web_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package cli
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestUrlOfListenAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		in, want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "TestLocalhost",
+			in:   "localhost:8088",
+			want: "http://localhost:8088",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestNoHost",
+			in:   ":8088",
+			want: "http://127.0.0.1:8088",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestExplicitHost",
+			in:   "127.0.0.2:8088",
+			want: "http://127.0.0.2:8088",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestIPv6",
+			in:   "[::1]:8088",
+			want: "http://[::1]:8088",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			url := urlOfListenAddr(tt.in)
+			if url != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("expected url: %q, got: %q", tt.want, url)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/tailscale/depaware.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/depaware)
 
-   W 💣 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi                                 from github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate
+   W 💣 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi                                 from github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate+
+   W    github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/internal/common                 from github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate
    W 💣 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate                       from tailscale.com/net/tshttpproxy
+        github.com/dsnet/golib/jsonfmt                               from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
         github.com/kballard/go-shellquote                            from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
+     💣 github.com/mitchellh/go-ps                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
         github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2                                from github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2/ffcli
         github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2/ffcli                          from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp                                  from github.com/tailscale/goupnp/dcps/internetgateway2+
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/dcps/internetgateway2            from tailscale.com/net/portmapper
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/httpu                            from github.com/tailscale/goupnp+
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/scpd                             from github.com/tailscale/goupnp
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/soap                             from github.com/tailscale/goupnp+
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/ssdp                             from github.com/tailscale/goupnp
         github.com/tcnksm/go-httpstat                                from tailscale.com/net/netcheck
         github.com/toqueteos/webbrowser                              from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
      💣 go4.org/intern                                               from inet.af/netaddr
@@ -14,13 +23,14 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/dep
         inet.af/netaddr                                              from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         rsc.io/goversion/version                                     from tailscale.com/version
         tailscale.com/atomicfile                                     from tailscale.com/ipn
-        tailscale.com/client/tailscale                               from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
+        tailscale.com/client/tailscale                               from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         tailscale.com/client/tailscale/apitype                       from tailscale.com/client/tailscale+
         tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli                              from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale
+        tailscale.com/control/controlknobs                           from tailscale.com/net/portmapper
         tailscale.com/derp                                           from tailscale.com/derp/derphttp
         tailscale.com/derp/derphttp                                  from tailscale.com/net/netcheck
-        tailscale.com/derp/derpmap                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
         tailscale.com/disco                                          from tailscale.com/derp
+        tailscale.com/hostinfo                                       from tailscale.com/net/interfaces
         tailscale.com/ipn                                            from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         tailscale.com/ipn/ipnstate                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         tailscale.com/metrics                                        from tailscale.com/derp
@@ -40,22 +50,26 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/dep
         tailscale.com/syncs                                          from tailscale.com/net/interfaces+
         tailscale.com/tailcfg                                        from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
    W    tailscale.com/tsconst                                        from tailscale.com/net/interfaces
+     💣 tailscale.com/tstime/mono                                    from tailscale.com/tstime/rate
+        tailscale.com/tstime/rate                                    from tailscale.com/wgengine/filter
+        tailscale.com/types/dnstype                                  from tailscale.com/tailcfg
         tailscale.com/types/empty                                    from tailscale.com/ipn
         tailscale.com/types/ipproto                                  from tailscale.com/net/flowtrack+
         tailscale.com/types/key                                      from tailscale.com/derp+
         tailscale.com/types/logger                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         tailscale.com/types/netmap                                   from tailscale.com/ipn
         tailscale.com/types/opt                                      from tailscale.com/net/netcheck+
+        tailscale.com/types/pad32                                    from tailscale.com/derp
         tailscale.com/types/persist                                  from tailscale.com/ipn
         tailscale.com/types/preftype                                 from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
-        tailscale.com/types/strbuilder                               from tailscale.com/net/packet
         tailscale.com/types/structs                                  from tailscale.com/ipn+
         tailscale.com/types/wgkey                                    from tailscale.com/types/netmap+
         tailscale.com/util/dnsname                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
    W    tailscale.com/util/endian                                    from tailscale.com/net/netns
-   L    tailscale.com/util/lineread                                  from tailscale.com/net/interfaces
+        tailscale.com/util/groupmember                               from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
+        tailscale.com/util/lineread                                  from tailscale.com/net/interfaces+
         tailscale.com/version                                        from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
-        tailscale.com/version/distro                                 from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
+        tailscale.com/version/distro                                 from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/filter                                from tailscale.com/types/netmap
         golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b                                  from golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box
         golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20                                 from golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305
@@ -75,7 +89,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/dep
         golang.org/x/net/idna                                        from golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts+
         golang.org/x/net/proxy                                       from tailscale.com/net/netns
    D    golang.org/x/net/route                                       from net+
-        golang.org/x/sync/errgroup                                   from tailscale.com/derp
+        golang.org/x/sync/errgroup                                   from tailscale.com/derp+
         golang.org/x/sync/singleflight                               from tailscale.com/net/dnscache
         golang.org/x/sys/cpu                                         from golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b+
   LD    golang.org/x/sys/unix                                        from tailscale.com/net/netns+
@@ -118,13 +132,14 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/dep
         debug/macho                                                  from rsc.io/goversion/version
         debug/pe                                                     from rsc.io/goversion/version
         embed                                                        from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
-        encoding                                                     from encoding/json
+        encoding                                                     from encoding/json+
         encoding/asn1                                                from crypto/x509+
         encoding/base64                                              from encoding/json+
         encoding/binary                                              from compress/gzip+
         encoding/hex                                                 from crypto/x509+
         encoding/json                                                from expvar+
         encoding/pem                                                 from crypto/tls+
+        encoding/xml                                                 from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli+
         errors                                                       from bufio+
         expvar                                                       from tailscale.com/derp+
         flag                                                         from github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2+
@@ -156,6 +171,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/dep
         os                                                           from crypto/rand+
         os/exec                                                      from github.com/toqueteos/webbrowser+
         os/signal                                                    from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale/cli
+        os/user                                                      from tailscale.com/util/groupmember
         path                                                         from debug/dwarf+
         path/filepath                                                from crypto/x509+
         reflect                                                      from crypto/x509+

cmd/tailscaled/debug.go

@@ -11,19 +11,26 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptrace"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/derp/derphttp"
-	"tailscale.com/derp/derpmap"
+	"tailscale.com/ipn"
 	"tailscale.com/net/interfaces"
+	"tailscale.com/net/portmapper"
 	"tailscale.com/net/tshttpproxy"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
+	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/monitor"
 )
 
@@ -31,6 +38,7 @@ var debugArgs struct {
 	monitor   bool
 	getURL    string
 	derpCheck string
+	portmap   bool
 }
 
 var debugModeFunc = debugMode // so it can be addressable
@@ -38,6 +46,7 @@ var debugModeFunc = debugMode // so it can be addressable
 func debugMode(args []string) error {
 	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("debug", flag.ExitOnError)
 	fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.monitor, "monitor", false, "If true, run link monitor forever. Precludes all other options.")
+	fs.BoolVar(&debugArgs.portmap, "portmap", false, "If true, run portmap debugging. Precludes all other options.")
 	fs.StringVar(&debugArgs.getURL, "get-url", "", "If non-empty, fetch provided URL.")
 	fs.StringVar(&debugArgs.derpCheck, "derp", "", "if non-empty, test a DERP ping via named region code")
 	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
@@ -53,6 +62,9 @@ func debugMode(args []string) error {
 	if debugArgs.monitor {
 		return runMonitor(ctx)
 	}
+	if debugArgs.portmap {
+		return debugPortmap(ctx)
+	}
 	if debugArgs.getURL != "" {
 		return getURL(ctx, debugArgs.getURL)
 	}
@@ -131,7 +143,26 @@ func getURL(ctx context.Context, urlStr string) error {
 }
 
 func checkDerp(ctx context.Context, derpRegion string) error {
-	dmap := derpmap.Prod()
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", ipn.DefaultControlURL+"/derpmap/default", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create derp map request: %w", err)
+	}
+	res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetch derp map failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(res.Body, 1<<20))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetch derp map failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetch derp map: %v: %s", res.Status, b)
+	}
+	var dmap tailcfg.DERPMap
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(b, &dmap); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetch DERP map: %w", err)
+	}
 	getRegion := func() *tailcfg.DERPRegion {
 		for _, r := range dmap.Regions {
 			if r.RegionCode == derpRegion {
@@ -170,3 +201,97 @@ func checkDerp(ctx context.Context, derpRegion string) error {
 	log.Printf("ok")
 	return err
 }
+
+func debugPortmap(ctx context.Context) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	portmapper.VerboseLogs = true
+	switch os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_PORTMAP_TYPE") {
+	case "":
+	case "pmp":
+		portmapper.DisablePCP = true
+		portmapper.DisableUPnP = true
+	case "pcp":
+		portmapper.DisablePMP = true
+		portmapper.DisableUPnP = true
+	case "upnp":
+		portmapper.DisablePCP = true
+		portmapper.DisablePMP = true
+	default:
+		log.Fatalf("TS_DEBUG_PORTMAP_TYPE must be one of pmp,pcp,upnp")
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan bool, 1)
+
+	var c *portmapper.Client
+	logf := log.Printf
+	c = portmapper.NewClient(logger.WithPrefix(logf, "portmapper: "), func() {
+		logf("portmapping changed.")
+		logf("have mapping: %v", c.HaveMapping())
+
+		if ext, ok := c.GetCachedMappingOrStartCreatingOne(); ok {
+			logf("cb: mapping: %v", ext)
+			select {
+			case done <- true:
+			default:
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		logf("cb: no mapping")
+	})
+	linkMon, err := monitor.New(logger.WithPrefix(logf, "monitor: "))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	gatewayAndSelfIP := func() (gw, self netaddr.IP, ok bool) {
+		if v := os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_GW_SELF"); strings.Contains(v, "/") {
+			i := strings.Index(v, "/")
+			gw = netaddr.MustParseIP(v[:i])
+			self = netaddr.MustParseIP(v[i+1:])
+			return gw, self, true
+		}
+		return linkMon.GatewayAndSelfIP()
+	}
+
+	c.SetGatewayLookupFunc(gatewayAndSelfIP)
+
+	gw, selfIP, ok := gatewayAndSelfIP()
+	if !ok {
+		logf("no gateway or self IP; %v", linkMon.InterfaceState())
+		return nil
+	}
+	logf("gw=%v; self=%v", gw, selfIP)
+
+	uc, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "0.0.0.0:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer uc.Close()
+	c.SetLocalPort(uint16(uc.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port))
+
+	res, err := c.Probe(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Probe: %v", err)
+	}
+	logf("Probe: %+v", res)
+
+	if !res.PCP && !res.PMP && !res.UPnP {
+		logf("no portmapping services available")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if ext, ok := c.GetCachedMappingOrStartCreatingOne(); ok {
+		logf("mapping: %v", ext)
+	} else {
+		logf("no mapping")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}

cmd/tailscaled/depaware.txt

@@ -1,43 +1,60 @@
 tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/depaware)
 
-   W 💣 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi                                 from github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate
+   W 💣 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi                                 from github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate+
+   W    github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/internal/common                 from github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate
    W 💣 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi/negotiate                       from tailscale.com/net/tshttpproxy
    L    github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables                       from tailscale.com/wgengine/router
-   W 💣 github.com/github/certstore                                  from tailscale.com/control/controlclient
         github.com/go-multierror/multierror                          from tailscale.com/wgengine/router+
    W 💣 github.com/go-ole/go-ole                                     from github.com/go-ole/go-ole/oleutil+
    W 💣 github.com/go-ole/go-ole/oleutil                             from tailscale.com/wgengine/winnet
    L 💣 github.com/godbus/dbus/v5                                    from tailscale.com/net/dns
+        github.com/golang/snappy                                     from github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd
         github.com/google/btree                                      from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/header+
+   L    github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4                          from tailscale.com/net/tstun
+   L    github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/iana                            from github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4
+   L    github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/interfaces                      from github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4
+   L    github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/rfc1035label                    from github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4
    L    github.com/josharian/native                                  from github.com/mdlayher/netlink+
    L 💣 github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink                              from tailscale.com/wgengine/monitor
    L    github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink/internal/unix                from github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink
         github.com/klauspost/compress/fse                            from github.com/klauspost/compress/huff0
         github.com/klauspost/compress/huff0                          from github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd
-        github.com/klauspost/compress/snappy                         from github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd
         github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd                           from tailscale.com/smallzstd
         github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd/internal/xxhash           from github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd
-   L 💣 github.com/mdlayher/netlink                                  from github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink+
-   L 💣 github.com/mdlayher/netlink/nlenc                            from github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink+
+   L 💣 github.com/mdlayher/netlink                                  from tailscale.com/wgengine/monitor+
+   L 💣 github.com/mdlayher/netlink/nlenc                            from github.com/mdlayher/netlink+
    L    github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify                                 from tailscale.com/util/systemd
-   W    github.com/pkg/errors                                        from github.com/github/certstore
-     💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/conn                       from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
-   W 💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/conn/winrio                from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/conn
-     💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device                     from tailscale.com/wgengine+
-     💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/ipc                        from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device
-   W 💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/ipc/winpipe                from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/ipc
-        github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/ratelimiter                from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device
-        github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/replay                     from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device
-        github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/rwcancel                   from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
-        github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/tai64n                     from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
-     💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/tun                        from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
-   W 💣 github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/tun/wintun                 from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/tun+
+   L 💣 github.com/mdlayher/socket                                   from github.com/mdlayher/netlink
+   W    github.com/pkg/errors                                        from github.com/tailscale/certstore
+   W 💣 github.com/tailscale/certstore                               from tailscale.com/control/controlclient
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp                                  from github.com/tailscale/goupnp/dcps/internetgateway2+
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/dcps/internetgateway2            from tailscale.com/net/portmapper
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/httpu                            from github.com/tailscale/goupnp+
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/scpd                             from github.com/tailscale/goupnp
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/soap                             from github.com/tailscale/goupnp+
+        github.com/tailscale/goupnp/ssdp                             from github.com/tailscale/goupnp
         github.com/tcnksm/go-httpstat                                from tailscale.com/net/netcheck
+   L    github.com/u-root/uio/rand                                   from github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4
+   L    github.com/u-root/uio/ubinary                                from github.com/u-root/uio/uio
+   L    github.com/u-root/uio/uio                                    from github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp/dhcpv4+
      💣 go4.org/intern                                               from inet.af/netaddr
-     💣 go4.org/mem                                                  from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
+     💣 go4.org/mem                                                  from tailscale.com/derp+
         go4.org/unsafe/assume-no-moving-gc                           from go4.org/intern
+     💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn                              from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device+
+   W 💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn/winrio                       from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn
+     💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device                            from tailscale.com/net/tstun+
+     💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc                               from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device
+   W 💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/winpipe                       from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc
+        golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ratelimiter                       from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device
+        golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/replay                            from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device
+        golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/rwcancel                          from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device+
+        golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tai64n                            from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device+
+     💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun                               from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device+
+   W 💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/wintun                        from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun+
    W 💣 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows/tunnel/winipcfg           from tailscale.com/net/interfaces+
         inet.af/netaddr                                              from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
+        inet.af/netstack/atomicbitops                                from inet.af/netstack/tcpip+
+     💣 inet.af/netstack/buffer                                      from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/stack
      💣 inet.af/netstack/gohacks                                     from inet.af/netstack/state/wire+
         inet.af/netstack/linewriter                                  from inet.af/netstack/log
         inet.af/netstack/log                                         from inet.af/netstack/state+
@@ -46,7 +63,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
      💣 inet.af/netstack/state                                       from inet.af/netstack/tcpip+
         inet.af/netstack/state/wire                                  from inet.af/netstack/state
      💣 inet.af/netstack/sync                                        from inet.af/netstack/linewriter+
-     💣 inet.af/netstack/tcpip                                       from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/adapters/gonet+
+        inet.af/netstack/tcpip                                       from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/adapters/gonet+
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/adapters/gonet                        from tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack
      💣 inet.af/netstack/tcpip/buffer                                from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/adapters/gonet+
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/hash/jenkins                          from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/stack+
@@ -56,7 +73,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/hash                          from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/ipv4+
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/internal/fragmentation        from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/ipv4+
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/internal/ip                   from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/ipv4+
-        inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/ipv4                          from tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack
+        inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/ipv4                          from tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack+
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/network/ipv6                          from tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/ports                                 from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/stack+
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/seqnum                                from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/header+
@@ -69,16 +86,18 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         inet.af/netstack/tcpip/transport/udp                         from inet.af/netstack/tcpip/adapters/gonet+
         inet.af/netstack/waiter                                      from inet.af/netstack/tcpip+
         inet.af/peercred                                             from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver
+   W 💣 inet.af/wf                                                   from tailscale.com/wf
         rsc.io/goversion/version                                     from tailscale.com/version
         tailscale.com/atomicfile                                     from tailscale.com/ipn+
+        tailscale.com/client/tailscale                               from tailscale.com/derp
         tailscale.com/client/tailscale/apitype                       from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
         tailscale.com/control/controlclient                          from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
+        tailscale.com/control/controlknobs                           from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/derp                                           from tailscale.com/derp/derphttp+
         tailscale.com/derp/derphttp                                  from tailscale.com/net/netcheck+
-        tailscale.com/derp/derpmap                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/disco                                          from tailscale.com/derp+
         tailscale.com/health                                         from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
-        tailscale.com/internal/deepprint                             from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
+        tailscale.com/hostinfo                                       from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/ipn                                            from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver+
         tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal                                   from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver+
         tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver                                  from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
@@ -103,21 +122,24 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
      💣 tailscale.com/net/netstat                                    from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver
         tailscale.com/net/packet                                     from tailscale.com/wgengine+
         tailscale.com/net/portmapper                                 from tailscale.com/net/netcheck+
-        tailscale.com/net/socks5                                     from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
+        tailscale.com/net/socks5                                     from tailscale.com/net/socks5/tssocks
+        tailscale.com/net/socks5/tssocks                             from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
         tailscale.com/net/stun                                       from tailscale.com/net/netcheck+
         tailscale.com/net/tlsdial                                    from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/net/tsaddr                                     from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
      💣 tailscale.com/net/tshttpproxy                                from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
-        tailscale.com/net/tstun                                      from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
+     💣 tailscale.com/net/tstun                                      from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/paths                                          from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/portlist                                       from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal
-        tailscale.com/safesocket                                     from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver
+        tailscale.com/safesocket                                     from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver+
         tailscale.com/smallzstd                                      from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver+
         tailscale.com/syncs                                          from tailscale.com/net/interfaces+
         tailscale.com/tailcfg                                        from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
-   W 💣 tailscale.com/tempfork/wireguard-windows/firewall            from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
    W    tailscale.com/tsconst                                        from tailscale.com/net/interfaces
         tailscale.com/tstime                                         from tailscale.com/wgengine/magicsock
+     💣 tailscale.com/tstime/mono                                    from tailscale.com/net/tstun+
+        tailscale.com/tstime/rate                                    from tailscale.com/wgengine/filter
+        tailscale.com/types/dnstype                                  from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
         tailscale.com/types/empty                                    from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/types/flagtype                                 from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
         tailscale.com/types/ipproto                                  from tailscale.com/net/flowtrack+
@@ -126,15 +148,17 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         tailscale.com/types/netmap                                   from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/types/nettype                                  from tailscale.com/wgengine/magicsock
         tailscale.com/types/opt                                      from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
+        tailscale.com/types/pad32                                    from tailscale.com/net/tstun+
         tailscale.com/types/persist                                  from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/types/preftype                                 from tailscale.com/ipn+
-        tailscale.com/types/strbuilder                               from tailscale.com/net/packet
         tailscale.com/types/structs                                  from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/types/wgkey                                    from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
    L    tailscale.com/util/cmpver                                    from tailscale.com/net/dns
+     💣 tailscale.com/util/deephash                                  from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
         tailscale.com/util/dnsname                                   from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnstate+
   LW    tailscale.com/util/endian                                    from tailscale.com/net/netns+
-   L    tailscale.com/util/lineread                                  from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
+        tailscale.com/util/groupmember                               from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver
+        tailscale.com/util/lineread                                  from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/util/osshare                                   from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/util/pidowner                                  from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver
         tailscale.com/util/racebuild                                 from tailscale.com/logpolicy
@@ -143,18 +167,19 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         tailscale.com/util/winutil                                   from tailscale.com/logpolicy+
         tailscale.com/version                                        from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/version/distro                                 from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
+   W    tailscale.com/wf                                             from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
         tailscale.com/wgengine                                       from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/filter                                from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/magicsock                             from tailscale.com/wgengine+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/monitor                               from tailscale.com/wgengine+
-        tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack                              from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
+        tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack                              from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/router                                from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/wgcfg                                 from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal+
         tailscale.com/wgengine/wgcfg/nmcfg                           from tailscale.com/ipn/ipnlocal
         tailscale.com/wgengine/wglog                                 from tailscale.com/wgengine
    W 💣 tailscale.com/wgengine/winnet                                from tailscale.com/wgengine/router
         golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b                                  from golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box
-        golang.org/x/crypto/blake2s                                  from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
+        golang.org/x/crypto/blake2s                                  from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device+
         golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20                                 from golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305
         golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305                         from crypto/tls+
         golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte                               from crypto/ecdsa+
@@ -163,7 +188,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         golang.org/x/crypto/hkdf                                     from crypto/tls
         golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box                                 from tailscale.com/control/controlclient+
         golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/secretbox                           from golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box
-        golang.org/x/crypto/poly1305                                 from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
+        golang.org/x/crypto/poly1305                                 from golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305+
         golang.org/x/crypto/salsa20/salsa                            from golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box+
         golang.org/x/net/bpf                                         from github.com/mdlayher/netlink+
         golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage                              from net+
@@ -171,15 +196,15 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         golang.org/x/net/http/httpproxy                              from net/http
         golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack                                 from net/http
         golang.org/x/net/idna                                        from golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts+
-        golang.org/x/net/ipv4                                        from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device
-        golang.org/x/net/ipv6                                        from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/device+
+        golang.org/x/net/ipv4                                        from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device
+        golang.org/x/net/ipv6                                        from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device+
         golang.org/x/net/proxy                                       from tailscale.com/net/netns
    D    golang.org/x/net/route                                       from net+
-        golang.org/x/sync/errgroup                                   from tailscale.com/derp
+        golang.org/x/sync/errgroup                                   from tailscale.com/derp+
         golang.org/x/sync/singleflight                               from tailscale.com/net/dnscache
         golang.org/x/sys/cpu                                         from golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b+
-  LD    golang.org/x/sys/unix                                        from github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink/internal/unix+
-   W    golang.org/x/sys/windows                                     from github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go/conn+
+  LD    golang.org/x/sys/unix                                        from github.com/mdlayher/netlink+
+   W    golang.org/x/sys/windows                                     from github.com/go-ole/go-ole+
    W    golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry                            from golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows/tunnel/winipcfg+
    W    golang.org/x/sys/windows/svc                                 from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+
    W    golang.org/x/sys/windows/svc/mgr                             from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
@@ -221,7 +246,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         debug/elf                                                    from rsc.io/goversion/version
         debug/macho                                                  from rsc.io/goversion/version
         debug/pe                                                     from rsc.io/goversion/version
-   L    embed                                                        from tailscale.com/net/dns
+        embed                                                        from tailscale.com/net/dns+
         encoding                                                     from encoding/json+
         encoding/asn1                                                from crypto/x509+
         encoding/base64                                              from encoding/json+
@@ -229,6 +254,7 @@ tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled dependencies: (generated by github.com/tailscale/de
         encoding/hex                                                 from crypto/x509+
         encoding/json                                                from expvar+
         encoding/pem                                                 from crypto/tls+
+        encoding/xml                                                 from github.com/tailscale/goupnp+
         errors                                                       from bufio+
         expvar                                                       from tailscale.com/derp+
         flag                                                         from tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled+

cmd/tailscaled/tailscaled.go

@@ -24,22 +24,19 @@ import (
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-multierror/multierror"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
+	"tailscale.com/ipn"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver"
 	"tailscale.com/logpolicy"
 	"tailscale.com/net/dns"
-	"tailscale.com/net/socks5"
-	"tailscale.com/net/tsaddr"
+	"tailscale.com/net/socks5/tssocks"
 	"tailscale.com/net/tstun"
 	"tailscale.com/paths"
 	"tailscale.com/types/flagtype"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
-	"tailscale.com/types/netmap"
 	"tailscale.com/util/osshare"
 	"tailscale.com/version"
 	"tailscale.com/version/distro"
@@ -49,15 +46,6 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/router"
 )
 
-// globalStateKey is the ipn.StateKey that tailscaled loads on
-// startup.
-//
-// We have to support multiple state keys for other OSes (Windows in
-// particular), but right now Unix daemons run with a single
-// node-global state. To keep open the option of having per-user state
-// later, the global state key doesn't look like a username.
-const globalStateKey = "_daemon"
-
 // defaultTunName returns the default tun device name for the platform.
 func defaultTunName() string {
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
@@ -80,9 +68,13 @@ func defaultTunName() string {
 }
 
 var args struct {
+	// tunname is a /dev/net/tun tunnel name ("tailscale0"), the
+	// string "userspace-networking", "tap:TAPNAME[:BRIDGENAME]"
+	// or comma-separated list thereof.
+	tunname string
+
 	cleanup    bool
 	debug      string
-	tunname    string // tun name, "userspace-networking", or comma-separated list thereof
 	port       uint16
 	statepath  string
 	socketpath string
@@ -150,7 +142,7 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}
 
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && os.Getuid() != 0 && !strings.Contains(args.tunname, "userspace-networking") {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && os.Getuid() != 0 && !strings.Contains(args.tunname, "userspace-networking") && !args.cleanup {
 		log.SetFlags(0)
 		log.Fatalf("tailscaled requires root; use sudo tailscaled (or use --tun=userspace-networking)")
 	}
@@ -171,6 +163,28 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }
 
+func ipnServerOpts() (o ipnserver.Options) {
+	// Allow changing the OS-specific IPN behavior for tests
+	// so we can e.g. test Windows-specific behaviors on Linux.
+	goos := os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_TAILSCALED_IPN_GOOS")
+	if goos == "" {
+		goos = runtime.GOOS
+	}
+
+	o.Port = 41112
+	o.StatePath = args.statepath
+	o.SocketPath = args.socketpath // even for goos=="windows", for tests
+
+	switch goos {
+	default:
+		o.SurviveDisconnects = true
+		o.AutostartStateKey = ipn.GlobalDaemonStateKey
+	case "windows":
+		// Not those.
+	}
+	return o
+}
+
 func run() error {
 	var err error
 
@@ -200,6 +214,9 @@ func run() error {
 	logf = logger.RateLimitedFn(logf, 5*time.Second, 5, 100)
 
 	if args.cleanup {
+		if os.Getenv("TS_PLEASE_PANIC") != "" {
+			panic("TS_PLEASE_PANIC asked us to panic")
+		}
 		dns.Cleanup(logf, args.tunname)
 		router.Cleanup(logf, args.tunname)
 		return nil
@@ -228,6 +245,11 @@ func run() error {
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("SOCKS5 listener: %v", err)
 		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(args.socksAddr, ":0") {
+			// Log kernel-selected port number so integration tests
+			// can find it portably.
+			log.Printf("SOCKS5 listening on %v", socksListener.Addr())
+		}
 	}
 
 	e, useNetstack, err := createEngine(logf, linkMon)
@@ -243,35 +265,7 @@ func run() error {
 	}
 
 	if socksListener != nil {
-		srv := &socks5.Server{
-			Logf: logger.WithPrefix(logf, "socks5: "),
-		}
-		var (
-			mu  sync.Mutex // guards the following field
-			dns netstack.DNSMap
-		)
-		e.AddNetworkMapCallback(func(nm *netmap.NetworkMap) {
-			mu.Lock()
-			defer mu.Unlock()
-			dns = netstack.DNSMapFromNetworkMap(nm)
-		})
-		useNetstackForIP := func(ip netaddr.IP) bool {
-			// TODO(bradfitz): this isn't exactly right.
-			// We should also support subnets when the
-			// prefs are configured as such.
-			return tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(ip)
-		}
-		srv.Dialer = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			ipp, err := dns.Resolve(ctx, addr)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			if ns != nil && useNetstackForIP(ipp.IP) {
-				return ns.DialContextTCP(ctx, addr)
-			}
-			var d net.Dialer
-			return d.DialContext(ctx, network, ipp.String())
-		}
+		srv := tssocks.NewServer(logger.WithPrefix(logf, "socks5: "), e, ns)
 		go func() {
 			log.Fatalf("SOCKS5 server exited: %v", srv.Serve(socksListener))
 		}()
@@ -298,14 +292,8 @@ func run() error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	opts := ipnserver.Options{
-		SocketPath:         args.socketpath,
-		Port:               41112,
-		StatePath:          args.statepath,
-		AutostartStateKey:  globalStateKey,
-		SurviveDisconnects: runtime.GOOS != "windows",
-		DebugMux:           debugMux,
-	}
+	opts := ipnServerOpts()
+	opts.DebugMux = debugMux
 	err = ipnserver.Run(ctx, logf, pol.PublicID.String(), ipnserver.FixedEngine(e), opts)
 	// Cancelation is not an error: it is the only way to stop ipnserver.
 	if err != nil && err != context.Canceled {
@@ -368,7 +356,13 @@ func tryEngine(logf logger.Logf, linkMon *monitor.Mon, name string) (e wgengine.
 			return nil, false, err
 		}
 		conf.Tun = dev
-		r, err := router.New(logf, dev)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, "tap:") {
+			conf.IsTAP = true
+			e, err := wgengine.NewUserspaceEngine(logf, conf)
+			return e, false, err
+		}
+
+		r, err := router.New(logf, dev, linkMon)
 		if err != nil {
 			dev.Close()
 			return nil, false, err

cmd/tailscaled/tailscaled.openrc

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/sbin/openrc-run
+
+set -a
+source /etc/default/tailscaled
+set +a
+
+command="/usr/sbin/tailscaled"
+command_args="--state=/var/lib/tailscale/tailscaled.state --port=$PORT --socket=/var/run/tailscale/tailscaled.sock $FLAGS"
+command_background=true
+pidfile="/run/tailscaled.pid"
+start_stop_daemon_args="-1 /var/log/tailscaled.log -2 /var/log/tailscaled.log"
+
+depend() {
+    need net
+}
+
+start_pre() {
+    mkdir -p /var/run/tailscale
+    mkdir -p /var/lib/tailscale
+    $command --cleanup
+}
+
+stop_post() {
+    $command --cleanup
+}

cmd/tailscaled/tailscaled.service

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Description=Tailscale node agent
 Documentation=https://tailscale.com/kb/
 Wants=network-pre.target
-After=network-pre.target
+After=network-pre.target NetworkManager.service systemd-resolved.service
 
 [Service]
 EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/tailscaled

cmd/tailscaled/tailscaled_notwindows.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build !windows
 // +build !windows
 
 package main // import "tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled"

cmd/tailscaled/tailscaled_windows.go

@@ -19,22 +19,23 @@ package main // import "tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled"
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
-	"net"
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/svc"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows/tunnel/winipcfg"
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn/ipnserver"
 	"tailscale.com/logpolicy"
 	"tailscale.com/net/dns"
 	"tailscale.com/net/tstun"
-	"tailscale.com/tempfork/wireguard-windows/firewall"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
 	"tailscale.com/version"
+	"tailscale.com/wf"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/netstack"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/router"
@@ -127,16 +128,6 @@ func beFirewallKillswitch() bool {
 	log.SetFlags(0)
 	log.Printf("killswitch subprocess starting, tailscale GUID is %s", os.Args[2])
 
-	go func() {
-		b := make([]byte, 16)
-		for {
-			_, err := os.Stdin.Read(b)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatalf("parent process died or requested exit, exiting (%v)", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
 	guid, err := windows.GUIDFromString(os.Args[2])
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("invalid GUID %q: %v", os.Args[2], err)
@@ -144,17 +135,29 @@ func beFirewallKillswitch() bool {
 
 	luid, err := winipcfg.LUIDFromGUID(&guid)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("no interface with GUID %q", guid)
+		log.Fatalf("no interface with GUID %q: %v", guid, err)
 	}
 
-	noProtection := false
-	var dnsIPs []net.IP // unused in called code.
 	start := time.Now()
-	firewall.EnableFirewall(uint64(luid), noProtection, dnsIPs)
+	fw, err := wf.New(uint64(luid))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed to enable firewall: %v", err)
+	}
 	log.Printf("killswitch enabled, took %s", time.Since(start))
 
-	// Block until the monitor goroutine shuts us down.
-	select {}
+	// Note(maisem): when local lan access toggled, tailscaled needs to
+	// inform the firewall to let local routes through. The set of routes
+	// is passed in via stdin encoded in json.
+	dcd := json.NewDecoder(os.Stdin)
+	for {
+		var routes []netaddr.IPPrefix
+		if err := dcd.Decode(&routes); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("parent process died or requested exit, exiting (%v)", err)
+		}
+		if err := fw.UpdatePermittedRoutes(routes); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to update routes (%v)", err)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func startIPNServer(ctx context.Context, logid string) error {
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ func startIPNServer(ctx context.Context, logid string) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("TUN: %w", err)
 		}
-		r, err := router.New(logf, dev)
+		r, err := router.New(logf, dev, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			dev.Close()
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("router: %w", err)
@@ -230,12 +233,6 @@ func startIPNServer(ctx context.Context, logid string) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	opts := ipnserver.Options{
-		Port:               41112,
-		SurviveDisconnects: false,
-		StatePath:          args.statepath,
-	}
-
 	// getEngine is called by ipnserver to get the engine. It's
 	// not called concurrently and is not called again once it
 	// successfully returns an engine.
@@ -260,7 +257,7 @@ func startIPNServer(ctx context.Context, logid string) error {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w\n\nlogid: %v", res.Err, logid)
 		}
 	}
-	err := ipnserver.Run(ctx, logf, logid, getEngine, opts)
+	err := ipnserver.Run(ctx, logf, logid, getEngine, ipnServerOpts())
 	if err != nil {
 		logf("ipnserver.Run: %v", err)
 	}

cmd/tsshd/tsshd.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build !windows
 // +build !windows
 
 // The tsshd binary is an SSH server that accepts connections
@@ -29,8 +30,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/creack/pty"
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
-	"github.com/kr/pty"
 	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/net/interfaces"

cmd/tsshd/tsshd_windows.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build windows
 // +build windows
 
 package main

control/controlclient/auto.go

@@ -576,9 +576,12 @@ func (c *Auto) sendStatus(who string, err error, url string, nm *netmap.NetworkM
 	c.logf("[v1] sendStatus: %s: %v", who, state)
 
 	var p *persist.Persist
-	var fin *empty.Message
+	var loginFin, logoutFin *empty.Message
 	if state == StateAuthenticated {
-		fin = new(empty.Message)
+		loginFin = new(empty.Message)
+	}
+	if state == StateNotAuthenticated {
+		logoutFin = new(empty.Message)
 	}
 	if nm != nil && loggedIn && synced {
 		pp := c.direct.GetPersist()
@@ -589,12 +592,13 @@ func (c *Auto) sendStatus(who string, err error, url string, nm *netmap.NetworkM
 		nm = nil
 	}
 	new := Status{
-		LoginFinished: fin,
-		URL:           url,
-		Persist:       p,
-		NetMap:        nm,
-		Hostinfo:      hi,
-		State:         state,
+		LoginFinished:  loginFin,
+		LogoutFinished: logoutFin,
+		URL:            url,
+		Persist:        p,
+		NetMap:         nm,
+		Hostinfo:       hi,
+		State:          state,
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		new.Err = err.Error()
@@ -712,3 +716,9 @@ func (c *Auto) TestOnlySetAuthKey(authkey string) {
 func (c *Auto) TestOnlyTimeNow() time.Time {
 	return c.timeNow()
 }
+
+// SetDNS sends the SetDNSRequest request to the control plane server,
+// requesting a DNS record be created or updated.
+func (c *Auto) SetDNS(ctx context.Context, req *tailcfg.SetDNSRequest) error {
+	return c.direct.SetDNS(ctx, req)
+}

control/controlclient/client.go

@@ -74,4 +74,7 @@ type Client interface {
 	// in a separate http request. It has nothing to do with the rest of
 	// the state machine.
 	UpdateEndpoints(localPort uint16, endpoints []tailcfg.Endpoint)
+	// SetDNS sends the SetDNSRequest request to the control plane server,
+	// requesting a DNS record be created or updated.
+	SetDNS(context.Context, *tailcfg.SetDNSRequest) error
 }

control/controlclient/controlclient_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func fieldsOf(t reflect.Type) (fields []string) {
 
 func TestStatusEqual(t *testing.T) {
 	// Verify that the Equal method stays in sync with reality
-	equalHandles := []string{"LoginFinished", "Err", "URL", "NetMap", "State", "Persist", "Hostinfo"}
+	equalHandles := []string{"LoginFinished", "LogoutFinished", "Err", "URL", "NetMap", "State", "Persist", "Hostinfo"}
 	if have := fieldsOf(reflect.TypeOf(Status{})); !reflect.DeepEqual(have, equalHandles) {
 		t.Errorf("Status.Equal check might be out of sync\nfields: %q\nhandled: %q\n",
 			have, equalHandles)

control/controlclient/debug.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
-	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
@@ -42,28 +41,82 @@ func dumpGoroutinesToURL(c *http.Client, targetURL string) {
 	}
 }
 
-var reHexArgs = regexp.MustCompile(`\b0x[0-9a-f]+\b`)
-
 // scrubbedGoroutineDump returns the list of all current goroutines, but with the actual
 // values of arguments scrubbed out, lest it contain some private key material.
 func scrubbedGoroutineDump() []byte {
-	buf := make([]byte, 1<<20)
-	buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, true)]
+	var buf []byte
+	// Grab stacks multiple times into increasingly larger buffer sizes
+	// to minimize the risk that we blow past our iOS memory limit.
+	for size := 1 << 10; size <= 1<<20; size += 1 << 10 {
+		buf = make([]byte, size)
+		buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, true)]
+		if len(buf) < size {
+			// It fit.
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return scrubHex(buf)
+}
 
+func scrubHex(buf []byte) []byte {
 	saw := map[string][]byte{} // "0x123" => "v1%3" (unique value 1 and its value mod 8)
-	return reHexArgs.ReplaceAllFunc(buf, func(in []byte) []byte {
+
+	foreachHexAddress(buf, func(in []byte) {
 		if string(in) == "0x0" {
-			return in
+			return
 		}
 		if v, ok := saw[string(in)]; ok {
-			return v
+			for i := range in {
+				in[i] = '_'
+			}
+			copy(in, v)
+			return
 		}
+		inStr := string(in)
 		u64, err := strconv.ParseUint(string(in[2:]), 16, 64)
+		for i := range in {
+			in[i] = '_'
+		}
 		if err != nil {
-			return []byte("??")
+			in[0] = '?'
+			return
 		}
 		v := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("v%d%%%d", len(saw)+1, u64%8))
-		saw[string(in)] = v
-		return v
+		saw[inStr] = v
+		copy(in, v)
 	})
+	return buf
+}
+
+var ohx = []byte("0x")
+
+// foreachHexAddress calls f with each subslice of b that matches
+// regexp `0x[0-9a-f]*`.
+func foreachHexAddress(b []byte, f func([]byte)) {
+	for len(b) > 0 {
+		i := bytes.Index(b, ohx)
+		if i == -1 {
+			return
+		}
+		b = b[i:]
+		hx := hexPrefix(b)
+		f(hx)
+		b = b[len(hx):]
+	}
+}
+
+func hexPrefix(b []byte) []byte {
+	for i, c := range b {
+		if i < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !isHexByte(c) {
+			return b[:i]
+		}
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func isHexByte(b byte) bool {
+	return '0' <= b && b <= '9' || 'a' <= b && b <= 'f' || 'A' <= b && b <= 'F'
 }

control/controlclient/debug_test.go

@@ -9,3 +9,22 @@ import "testing"
 func TestScrubbedGoroutineDump(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("Got:\n%s\n", scrubbedGoroutineDump())
 }
+
+func TestScrubHex(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		in, want string
+	}{
+		{"foo", "foo"},
+		{"", ""},
+		{"0x", "?_"},
+		{"0x001 and same 0x001", "v1%1_ and same v1%1_"},
+		{"0x008 and same 0x008", "v1%0_ and same v1%0_"},
+		{"0x001 and diff 0x002", "v1%1_ and diff v2%2_"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got := scrubHex([]byte(tt.in))
+		if string(got) != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("for input:\n%s\n\ngot:\n%s\n\nwant:\n%s\n", tt.in, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

control/controlclient/direct.go

@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ import (
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box"
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
+	"tailscale.com/control/controlknobs"
 	"tailscale.com/health"
+	"tailscale.com/ipn/ipnstate"
 	"tailscale.com/log/logheap"
 	"tailscale.com/net/dnscache"
 	"tailscale.com/net/dnsfallback"
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ type Direct struct {
 	debugFlags             []string
 	keepSharerAndUserSplit bool
 	skipIPForwardingCheck  bool
+	pinger                 Pinger
 
 	mu           sync.Mutex // mutex guards the following fields
 	serverKey    wgkey.Key
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ type Direct struct {
 	endpoints     []tailcfg.Endpoint
 	everEndpoints bool   // whether we've ever had non-empty endpoints
 	localPort     uint16 // or zero to mean auto
+	lastPingURL   string // last PingRequest.URL received, for dup suppresion
 }
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -103,6 +107,18 @@ type Options struct {
 	// forwarding works and should not be double-checked by the
 	// controlclient package.
 	SkipIPForwardingCheck bool
+
+	// Pinger optionally specifies the Pinger to use to satisfy
+	// MapResponse.PingRequest queries from the control plane.
+	// If nil, PingRequest queries are not answered.
+	Pinger Pinger
+}
+
+// Pinger is a subset of the wgengine.Engine interface, containing just the Ping method.
+type Pinger interface {
+	// Ping is a request to start a discovery or TSMP ping with the peer handling
+	// the given IP and then call cb with its ping latency & method.
+	Ping(ip netaddr.IP, useTSMP bool, cb func(*ipnstate.PingResult))
 }
 
 type Decompressor interface {
@@ -165,6 +181,7 @@ func NewDirect(opts Options) (*Direct, error) {
 		keepSharerAndUserSplit: opts.KeepSharerAndUserSplit,
 		linkMon:                opts.LinkMonitor,
 		skipIPForwardingCheck:  opts.SkipIPForwardingCheck,
+		pinger:                 opts.Pinger,
 	}
 	if opts.Hostinfo == nil {
 		c.SetHostinfo(NewHostinfo())
@@ -203,6 +220,13 @@ func packageType() string {
 		// Using tailscaled or IPNExtension?
 		exe, _ := os.Executable()
 		return filepath.Base(exe)
+	case "linux":
+		// Report whether this is in a snap.
+		// See https://snapcraft.io/docs/environment-variables
+		// We just look at two somewhat arbitrarily.
+		if os.Getenv("SNAP_NAME") != "" && os.Getenv("SNAP") != "" {
+			return "snap"
+		}
 	}
 	return ""
 }
@@ -338,6 +362,7 @@ func (c *Direct) doLogin(ctx context.Context, opt loginOpt) (mustRegen bool, new
 		if err != nil {
 			return regen, opt.URL, err
 		}
+		c.logf("control server key %s from %s", serverKey.HexString(), c.serverURL)
 
 		c.mu.Lock()
 		c.serverKey = serverKey
@@ -460,10 +485,10 @@ func (c *Direct) doLogin(ctx context.Context, opt loginOpt) (mustRegen bool, new
 			request.NodeKey.ShortString())
 		return true, "", nil
 	}
-	if persist.Provider == "" {
+	if resp.Login.Provider != "" {
 		persist.Provider = resp.Login.Provider
 	}
-	if persist.LoginName == "" {
+	if resp.Login.LoginName != "" {
 		persist.LoginName = resp.Login.LoginName
 	}
 
@@ -760,7 +785,7 @@ func (c *Direct) sendMapRequest(ctx context.Context, maxPolls int, cb func(*netm
 			health.GotStreamedMapResponse()
 		}
 
-		if pr := resp.PingRequest; pr != nil {
+		if pr := resp.PingRequest; pr != nil && c.isUniquePingRequest(pr) {
 			go answerPing(c.logf, c.httpc, pr)
 		}
 
@@ -780,7 +805,10 @@ func (c *Direct) sendMapRequest(ctx context.Context, maxPolls int, cb func(*netm
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if resp.Debug != nil {
+		hasDebug := resp.Debug != nil
+		// being conservative here, if Debug not present set to False
+		controlknobs.SetDisableUPnP(hasDebug && resp.Debug.DisableUPnP.EqualBool(true))
+		if hasDebug {
 			if resp.Debug.LogHeapPprof {
 				go logheap.LogHeap(resp.Debug.LogHeapURL)
 			}
@@ -1091,7 +1119,7 @@ func ipForwardingBroken(routes []netaddr.IPPrefix, state *interfaces.State) bool
 	localIPs := map[netaddr.IP]bool{}
 	for _, addrs := range state.InterfaceIPs {
 		for _, pfx := range addrs {
-			localIPs[pfx.IP] = true
+			localIPs[pfx.IP()] = true
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1100,10 +1128,10 @@ func ipForwardingBroken(routes []netaddr.IPPrefix, state *interfaces.State) bool
 		// It's possible to advertise a route to one of the local
 		// machine's local IPs. IP forwarding isn't required for this
 		// to work, so we shouldn't warn for such exports.
-		if r.IsSingleIP() && localIPs[r.IP] {
+		if r.IsSingleIP() && localIPs[r.IP()] {
 			continue
 		}
-		if r.IP.Is4() {
+		if r.IP().Is4() {
 			v4Routes = true
 		} else {
 			v6Routes = true
@@ -1155,6 +1183,23 @@ func ipForwardingBroken(routes []netaddr.IPPrefix, state *interfaces.State) bool
 	return false
 }
 
+// isUniquePingRequest reports whether pr contains a new PingRequest.URL
+// not already handled, noting its value when returning true.
+func (c *Direct) isUniquePingRequest(pr *tailcfg.PingRequest) bool {
+	if pr == nil || pr.URL == "" {
+		// Bogus.
+		return false
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if pr.URL == c.lastPingURL {
+		return false
+	}
+	c.lastPingURL = pr.URL
+	return true
+}
+
 func answerPing(logf logger.Logf, c *http.Client, pr *tailcfg.PingRequest) {
 	if pr.URL == "" {
 		logf("invalid PingRequest with no URL")
@@ -1211,3 +1256,50 @@ func sleepAsRequested(ctx context.Context, logf logger.Logf, timeoutReset chan<-
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// SetDNS sends the SetDNSRequest request to the control plane server,
+// requesting a DNS record be created or updated.
+func (c *Direct) SetDNS(ctx context.Context, req *tailcfg.SetDNSRequest) error {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	serverKey := c.serverKey
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if serverKey.IsZero() {
+		return errors.New("zero serverKey")
+	}
+	machinePrivKey, err := c.getMachinePrivKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("getMachinePrivKey: %w", err)
+	}
+	if machinePrivKey.IsZero() {
+		return errors.New("getMachinePrivKey returned zero key")
+	}
+
+	bodyData, err := encode(req, &serverKey, &machinePrivKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	body := bytes.NewReader(bodyData)
+
+	u := fmt.Sprintf("%s/machine/%s/set-dns", c.serverURL, machinePrivKey.Public().HexString())
+	hreq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", u, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	res, err := c.httpc.Do(hreq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		msg, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		return fmt.Errorf("set-dns response: %v, %.200s", res.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(msg)))
+	}
+	var setDNSRes struct{} // no fields yet
+	if err := decode(res, &setDNSRes, &serverKey, &machinePrivKey); err != nil {
+		c.logf("error decoding SetDNSResponse with server key %s and machine key %s: %v", serverKey, machinePrivKey.Public(), err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("set-dns-response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

control/controlclient/direct_test.go

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func TestNewDirect(t *testing.T) {
 func fakeEndpoints(ports ...uint16) (ret []tailcfg.Endpoint) {
 	for _, port := range ports {
 		ret = append(ret, tailcfg.Endpoint{
-			Addr: netaddr.IPPort{Port: port},
+			Addr: netaddr.IPPortFrom(netaddr.IP{}, port),
 		})
 	}
 	return

control/controlclient/hostinfo_linux.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build linux && !android
 // +build linux,!android
 
 package controlclient
@@ -9,13 +10,11 @@ package controlclient
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"go4.org/mem"
+	"tailscale.com/hostinfo"
 	"tailscale.com/util/lineread"
 	"tailscale.com/version/distro"
 )
@@ -56,11 +55,11 @@ func osVersionLinux() string {
 		}
 		attrBuf.WriteByte(byte(b))
 	}
-	if inContainer() {
+	if hostinfo.InContainer() {
 		attrBuf.WriteString("; container")
 	}
-	if inKnative() {
-		attrBuf.WriteString("; env=kn")
+	if env := hostinfo.GetEnvType(); env != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&attrBuf, "; env=%s", env)
 	}
 	attr := attrBuf.String()
 
@@ -93,31 +92,3 @@ func osVersionLinux() string {
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Other%s", attr)
 }
-
-func inContainer() (ret bool) {
-	lineread.File("/proc/1/cgroup", func(line []byte) error {
-		if mem.Contains(mem.B(line), mem.S("/docker/")) ||
-			mem.Contains(mem.B(line), mem.S("/lxc/")) {
-			ret = true
-			return io.EOF // arbitrary non-nil error to stop loop
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	lineread.File("/proc/mounts", func(line []byte) error {
-		if mem.Contains(mem.B(line), mem.S("fuse.lxcfs")) {
-			ret = true
-			return io.EOF
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	return
-}
-
-func inKnative() bool {
-	// https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/reference/container-contract#env-vars
-	if os.Getenv("K_REVISION") != "" && os.Getenv("K_CONFIGURATION") != "" &&
-		os.Getenv("K_SERVICE") != "" && os.Getenv("PORT") != "" {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}

control/controlclient/map.go

@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@ package controlclient
 
 import (
 	"log"
+	"os"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
 	"tailscale.com/types/netmap"
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ func (ms *mapSession) netmapForResponse(resp *tailcfg.MapResponse) *netmap.Netwo
 		nm.SelfNode = node
 		nm.Expiry = node.KeyExpiry
 		nm.Name = node.Name
-		nm.Addresses = node.Addresses
+		nm.Addresses = filterSelfAddresses(node.Addresses)
 		nm.User = node.User
 		nm.Hostinfo = node.Hostinfo
 		if node.MachineAuthorized {
@@ -280,3 +283,19 @@ func cloneNodes(v1 []*tailcfg.Node) []*tailcfg.Node {
 	}
 	return v2
 }
+
+var debugSelfIPv6Only, _ = strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_SELF_V6_ONLY"))
+
+func filterSelfAddresses(in []netaddr.IPPrefix) (ret []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
+	switch {
+	default:
+		return in
+	case debugSelfIPv6Only:
+		for _, a := range in {
+			if a.IP().Is6() {
+				ret = append(ret, a)
+			}
+		}
+		return ret
+	}
+}

control/controlclient/sign_supported.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build windows && cgo
 // +build windows,cgo
 
 // darwin,cgo is also supported by certstore but machineCertificateSubject will
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/github/certstore"
+	"github.com/tailscale/certstore"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 	"tailscale.com/types/wgkey"
 	"tailscale.com/util/winutil"

control/controlclient/sign_unsupported.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build !windows || !cgo
 // +build !windows !cgo
 
 package controlclient

control/controlclient/status.go

@@ -64,11 +64,12 @@ func (s State) String() string {
 }
 
 type Status struct {
-	_             structs.Incomparable
-	LoginFinished *empty.Message // nonempty when login finishes
-	Err           string
-	URL           string             // interactive URL to visit to finish logging in
-	NetMap        *netmap.NetworkMap // server-pushed configuration
+	_              structs.Incomparable
+	LoginFinished  *empty.Message // nonempty when login finishes
+	LogoutFinished *empty.Message // nonempty when logout finishes
+	Err            string
+	URL            string             // interactive URL to visit to finish logging in
+	NetMap         *netmap.NetworkMap // server-pushed configuration
 
 	// The internal state should not be exposed outside this
 	// package, but we have some automated tests elsewhere that need to
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ func (s *Status) Equal(s2 *Status) bool {
 	}
 	return s != nil && s2 != nil &&
 		(s.LoginFinished == nil) == (s2.LoginFinished == nil) &&
+		(s.LogoutFinished == nil) == (s2.LogoutFinished == nil) &&
 		s.Err == s2.Err &&
 		s.URL == s2.URL &&
 		reflect.DeepEqual(s.Persist, s2.Persist) &&

control/controlknobs/controlknobs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package controlknobs contains client options configurable from control which can be turned on
+// or off. The ability to turn options on and off is for incrementally adding features in.
+package controlknobs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"tailscale.com/syncs"
+)
+
+// disableUPnP indicates whether to attempt UPnP mapping.
+var disableUPnP syncs.AtomicBool
+
+func init() {
+	v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv("TS_DISABLE_UPNP"))
+	SetDisableUPnP(v)
+}
+
+// DisableUPnP reports the last reported value from control
+// whether UPnP portmapping should be disabled.
+func DisableUPnP() bool {
+	return disableUPnP.Get()
+}
+
+// SetDisableUPnP sets whether control says that UPnP should be
+// disabled.
+func SetDisableUPnP(v bool) {
+	disableUPnP.Set(v)
+}

derp/derp_client.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ type Client struct {
 	br          *bufio.Reader
 	meshKey     string
 	canAckPings bool
+	isProber    bool
 
 	wmu sync.Mutex // hold while writing to bw
 	bw  *bufio.Writer
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ type clientOpt struct {
 	MeshKey     string
 	ServerPub   key.Public
 	CanAckPings bool
+	IsProber    bool
 }
 
 // MeshKey returns a ClientOpt to pass to the DERP server during connect to get
@@ -60,6 +62,10 @@ type clientOpt struct {
 // An empty key means to not use a mesh key.
 func MeshKey(key string) ClientOpt { return clientOptFunc(func(o *clientOpt) { o.MeshKey = key }) }
 
+// IsProber returns a ClientOpt to pass to the DERP server during connect to
+// declare that this client is a a prober.
+func IsProber(v bool) ClientOpt { return clientOptFunc(func(o *clientOpt) { o.IsProber = v }) }
+
 // ServerPublicKey returns a ClientOpt to declare that the server's DERP public key is known.
 // If key is the zero value, the returned ClientOpt is a no-op.
 func ServerPublicKey(key key.Public) ClientOpt {
@@ -93,6 +99,7 @@ func newClient(privateKey key.Private, nc Conn, brw *bufio.ReadWriter, logf logg
 		bw:          brw.Writer,
 		meshKey:     opt.MeshKey,
 		canAckPings: opt.CanAckPings,
+		isProber:    opt.IsProber,
 	}
 	if opt.ServerPub.IsZero() {
 		if err := c.recvServerKey(); err != nil {
@@ -160,6 +167,9 @@ type clientInfo struct {
 	// CanAckPings is whether the client declares it's able to ack
 	// pings.
 	CanAckPings bool
+
+	// IsProber is whether this client is a prober.
+	IsProber bool `json:",omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (c *Client) sendClientKey() error {
@@ -171,6 +181,7 @@ func (c *Client) sendClientKey() error {
 		Version:     ProtocolVersion,
 		MeshKey:     c.meshKey,
 		CanAckPings: c.canAckPings,
+		IsProber:    c.isProber,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

derp/derp_server.go

@@ -20,22 +20,30 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
+	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"go4.org/mem"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/box"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
+	"tailscale.com/client/tailscale"
 	"tailscale.com/disco"
 	"tailscale.com/metrics"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
+	"tailscale.com/types/pad32"
 	"tailscale.com/version"
 )
 
@@ -69,13 +77,6 @@ const (
 	writeTimeout            = 2 * time.Second
 )
 
-const host64bit = (^uint(0) >> 32) & 1 // 1 on 64-bit, 0 on 32-bit
-
-// pad32bit is 4 on 32-bit machines and 0 on 64-bit.
-// It exists so the Server struct's atomic fields can be aligned to 8
-// byte boundaries. (As tested by GOARCH=386 go test, etc)
-const pad32bit = 4 - host64bit*4 // 0 on 64-bit, 4 on 32-bit
-
 // Server is a DERP server.
 type Server struct {
 	// WriteTimeout, if non-zero, specifies how long to wait
@@ -91,42 +92,46 @@ type Server struct {
 	metaCert    []byte // the encoded x509 cert to send after LetsEncrypt cert+intermediate
 
 	// Counters:
-	_                        [pad32bit]byte
-	packetsSent, bytesSent   expvar.Int
-	packetsRecv, bytesRecv   expvar.Int
-	packetsRecvByKind        metrics.LabelMap
-	packetsRecvDisco         *expvar.Int
-	packetsRecvOther         *expvar.Int
-	_                        [pad32bit]byte
-	packetsDropped           expvar.Int
-	packetsDroppedReason     metrics.LabelMap
-	packetsDroppedUnknown    *expvar.Int // unknown dst pubkey
-	packetsDroppedFwdUnknown *expvar.Int // unknown dst pubkey on forward
-	packetsDroppedGone       *expvar.Int // dst conn shutting down
-	packetsDroppedQueueHead  *expvar.Int // queue full, drop head packet
-	packetsDroppedQueueTail  *expvar.Int // queue full, drop tail packet
-	packetsDroppedWrite      *expvar.Int // error writing to dst conn
-	_                        [pad32bit]byte
-	packetsForwardedOut      expvar.Int
-	packetsForwardedIn       expvar.Int
-	peerGoneFrames           expvar.Int // number of peer gone frames sent
-	accepts                  expvar.Int
-	curClients               expvar.Int
-	curHomeClients           expvar.Int // ones with preferred
-	clientsReplaced          expvar.Int
-	unknownFrames            expvar.Int
-	homeMovesIn              expvar.Int // established clients announce home server moves in
-	homeMovesOut             expvar.Int // established clients announce home server moves out
-	multiForwarderCreated    expvar.Int
-	multiForwarderDeleted    expvar.Int
-	removePktForwardOther    expvar.Int
+	_                            pad32.Four
+	packetsSent, bytesSent       expvar.Int
+	packetsRecv, bytesRecv       expvar.Int
+	packetsRecvByKind            metrics.LabelMap
+	packetsRecvDisco             *expvar.Int
+	packetsRecvOther             *expvar.Int
+	_                            pad32.Four
+	packetsDropped               expvar.Int
+	packetsDroppedReason         metrics.LabelMap
+	packetsDroppedReasonCounters []*expvar.Int // indexed by dropReason
+	packetsDroppedType           metrics.LabelMap
+	packetsDroppedTypeDisco      *expvar.Int
+	packetsDroppedTypeOther      *expvar.Int
+	_                            pad32.Four
+	packetsForwardedOut          expvar.Int
+	packetsForwardedIn           expvar.Int
+	peerGoneFrames               expvar.Int // number of peer gone frames sent
+	accepts                      expvar.Int
+	curClients                   expvar.Int
+	curHomeClients               expvar.Int // ones with preferred
+	clientsReplaced              expvar.Int
+	clientsReplaceLimited        expvar.Int
+	clientsReplaceSleeping       expvar.Int
+	unknownFrames                expvar.Int
+	homeMovesIn                  expvar.Int // established clients announce home server moves in
+	homeMovesOut                 expvar.Int // established clients announce home server moves out
+	multiForwarderCreated        expvar.Int
+	multiForwarderDeleted        expvar.Int
+	removePktForwardOther        expvar.Int
+	avgQueueDuration             *uint64 // In milliseconds; accessed atomically
 
-	mu          sync.Mutex
-	closed      bool
-	netConns    map[Conn]chan struct{} // chan is closed when conn closes
-	clients     map[key.Public]*sclient
-	clientsEver map[key.Public]bool // never deleted from, for stats; fine for now
-	watchers    map[*sclient]bool   // mesh peer -> true
+	// verifyClients only accepts client connections to the DERP server if the clientKey is a
+	// known peer in the network, as specified by a running tailscaled's client's local api.
+	verifyClients bool
+
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	closed   bool
+	netConns map[Conn]chan struct{} // chan is closed when conn closes
+	clients  map[key.Public]*sclient
+	watchers map[*sclient]bool // mesh peer -> true
 	// clientsMesh tracks all clients in the cluster, both locally
 	// and to mesh peers.  If the value is nil, that means the
 	// peer is only local (and thus in the clients Map, but not
@@ -138,6 +143,9 @@ type Server struct {
 	// because it includes intra-region forwarded packets as the
 	// src.
 	sentTo map[key.Public]map[key.Public]int64 // src => dst => dst's latest sclient.connNum
+
+	// maps from netaddr.IPPort to a client's public key
+	keyOfAddr map[netaddr.IPPort]key.Public
 }
 
 // PacketForwarder is something that can forward packets.
@@ -153,7 +161,7 @@ type PacketForwarder interface {
 // Conn is the subset of the underlying net.Conn the DERP Server needs.
 // It is a defined type so that non-net connections can be used.
 type Conn interface {
-	io.Closer
+	io.WriteCloser
 
 	// The *Deadline methods follow the semantics of net.Conn.
 
@@ -175,23 +183,29 @@ func NewServer(privateKey key.Private, logf logger.Logf) *Server {
 		limitedLogf:          logger.RateLimitedFn(logf, 30*time.Second, 5, 100),
 		packetsRecvByKind:    metrics.LabelMap{Label: "kind"},
 		packetsDroppedReason: metrics.LabelMap{Label: "reason"},
+		packetsDroppedType:   metrics.LabelMap{Label: "type"},
 		clients:              map[key.Public]*sclient{},
-		clientsEver:          map[key.Public]bool{},
 		clientsMesh:          map[key.Public]PacketForwarder{},
 		netConns:             map[Conn]chan struct{}{},
 		memSys0:              ms.Sys,
 		watchers:             map[*sclient]bool{},
 		sentTo:               map[key.Public]map[key.Public]int64{},
+		avgQueueDuration:     new(uint64),
+		keyOfAddr:            map[netaddr.IPPort]key.Public{},
 	}
 	s.initMetacert()
 	s.packetsRecvDisco = s.packetsRecvByKind.Get("disco")
 	s.packetsRecvOther = s.packetsRecvByKind.Get("other")
-	s.packetsDroppedUnknown = s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("unknown_dest")
-	s.packetsDroppedFwdUnknown = s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("unknown_dest_on_fwd")
-	s.packetsDroppedGone = s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("gone")
-	s.packetsDroppedQueueHead = s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("queue_head")
-	s.packetsDroppedQueueTail = s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("queue_tail")
-	s.packetsDroppedWrite = s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("write_error")
+	s.packetsDroppedReasonCounters = []*expvar.Int{
+		s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("unknown_dest"),
+		s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("unknown_dest_on_fwd"),
+		s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("gone"),
+		s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("queue_head"),
+		s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("queue_tail"),
+		s.packetsDroppedReason.Get("write_error"),
+	}
+	s.packetsDroppedTypeDisco = s.packetsDroppedType.Get("disco")
+	s.packetsDroppedTypeOther = s.packetsDroppedType.Get("other")
 	return s
 }
 
@@ -203,6 +217,13 @@ func (s *Server) SetMeshKey(v string) {
 	s.meshKey = v
 }
 
+// SetVerifyClients sets whether this DERP server verifies clients through tailscaled.
+//
+// It must be called before serving begins.
+func (s *Server) SetVerifyClient(v bool) {
+	s.verifyClients = v
+}
+
 // HasMeshKey reports whether the server is configured with a mesh key.
 func (s *Server) HasMeshKey() bool { return s.meshKey != "" }
 
@@ -322,25 +343,40 @@ func (s *Server) initMetacert() {
 func (s *Server) MetaCert() []byte { return s.metaCert }
 
 // registerClient notes that client c is now authenticated and ready for packets.
-// If c's public key was already connected with a different connection, the prior one is closed.
-func (s *Server) registerClient(c *sclient) {
+//
+// If c's public key was already connected with a different
+// connection, the prior one is closed, unless it's fighting rapidly
+// with another client with the same key, in which case the returned
+// ok is false, and the caller should wait the provided duration
+// before trying again.
+func (s *Server) registerClient(c *sclient) (ok bool, d time.Duration) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 	old := s.clients[c.key]
 	if old == nil {
 		c.logf("adding connection")
 	} else {
+		// Take over the old rate limiter, discarding the one
+		// our caller just made.
+		c.replaceLimiter = old.replaceLimiter
+		if rr := c.replaceLimiter.ReserveN(timeNow(), 1); rr.OK() {
+			if d := rr.DelayFrom(timeNow()); d > 0 {
+				s.clientsReplaceLimited.Add(1)
+				return false, d
+			}
+		}
 		s.clientsReplaced.Add(1)
 		c.logf("adding connection, replacing %s", old.remoteAddr)
 		go old.nc.Close()
 	}
 	s.clients[c.key] = c
-	s.clientsEver[c.key] = true
 	if _, ok := s.clientsMesh[c.key]; !ok {
 		s.clientsMesh[c.key] = nil // just for varz of total users in cluster
 	}
+	s.keyOfAddr[c.remoteIPPort] = c.key
 	s.curClients.Add(1)
 	s.broadcastPeerStateChangeLocked(c.key, true)
+	return true, 0
 }
 
 // broadcastPeerStateChangeLocked enqueues a message to all watchers
@@ -373,6 +409,8 @@ func (s *Server) unregisterClient(c *sclient) {
 		delete(s.watchers, c)
 	}
 
+	delete(s.keyOfAddr, c.remoteIPPort)
+
 	s.curClients.Add(-1)
 	if c.preferred {
 		s.curHomeClients.Add(-1)
@@ -426,8 +464,9 @@ func (s *Server) addWatcher(c *sclient) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) accept(nc Conn, brw *bufio.ReadWriter, remoteAddr string, connNum int64) error {
-	br, bw := brw.Reader, brw.Writer
+	br := brw.Reader
 	nc.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
+	bw := &lazyBufioWriter{w: nc, lbw: brw.Writer}
 	if err := s.sendServerKey(bw); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("send server key: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -446,21 +485,32 @@ func (s *Server) accept(nc Conn, brw *bufio.ReadWriter, remoteAddr string, connN
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	remoteIPPort, _ := netaddr.ParseIPPort(remoteAddr)
+
 	c := &sclient{
-		connNum:     connNum,
-		s:           s,
-		key:         clientKey,
-		nc:          nc,
-		br:          br,
-		bw:          bw,
-		logf:        logger.WithPrefix(s.logf, fmt.Sprintf("derp client %v/%x: ", remoteAddr, clientKey)),
-		done:        ctx.Done(),
-		remoteAddr:  remoteAddr,
-		connectedAt: time.Now(),
-		sendQueue:   make(chan pkt, perClientSendQueueDepth),
-		peerGone:    make(chan key.Public),
-		canMesh:     clientInfo.MeshKey != "" && clientInfo.MeshKey == s.meshKey,
+		connNum:        connNum,
+		s:              s,
+		key:            clientKey,
+		nc:             nc,
+		br:             br,
+		bw:             bw,
+		logf:           logger.WithPrefix(s.logf, fmt.Sprintf("derp client %v/%x: ", remoteAddr, clientKey)),
+		done:           ctx.Done(),
+		remoteAddr:     remoteAddr,
+		remoteIPPort:   remoteIPPort,
+		connectedAt:    time.Now(),
+		sendQueue:      make(chan pkt, perClientSendQueueDepth),
+		discoSendQueue: make(chan pkt, perClientSendQueueDepth),
+		peerGone:       make(chan key.Public),
+		canMesh:        clientInfo.MeshKey != "" && clientInfo.MeshKey == s.meshKey,
+
+		// Allow kicking out previous connections once a
+		// minute, with a very high burst of 100. Once a
+		// minute is less than the client's 2 minute
+		// inactivity timeout.
+		replaceLimiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Every(time.Minute), 100),
 	}
+
 	if c.canMesh {
 		c.meshUpdate = make(chan struct{})
 	}
@@ -468,10 +518,18 @@ func (s *Server) accept(nc Conn, brw *bufio.ReadWriter, remoteAddr string, connN
 		c.info = *clientInfo
 	}
 
-	s.registerClient(c)
+	for {
+		ok, d := s.registerClient(c)
+		if ok {
+			break
+		}
+		s.clientsReplaceSleeping.Add(1)
+		timeSleep(d)
+		s.clientsReplaceSleeping.Add(-1)
+	}
 	defer s.unregisterClient(c)
 
-	err = s.sendServerInfo(bw, clientKey)
+	err = s.sendServerInfo(c.bw, clientKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("send server info: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -479,6 +537,12 @@ func (s *Server) accept(nc Conn, brw *bufio.ReadWriter, remoteAddr string, connN
 	return c.run(ctx)
 }
 
+// for testing
+var (
+	timeSleep = time.Sleep
+	timeNow   = time.Now
+)
+
 // run serves the client until there's an error.
 // If the client hangs up or the server is closed, run returns nil, otherwise run returns an error.
 func (c *sclient) run(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -602,17 +666,14 @@ func (c *sclient) handleFrameForwardPacket(ft frameType, fl uint32) error {
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if dst == nil {
-		s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-		s.packetsDroppedFwdUnknown.Add(1)
-		if debug {
-			c.logf("dropping forwarded packet for unknown %x", dstKey)
-		}
+		s.recordDrop(contents, srcKey, dstKey, dropReasonUnknownDestOnFwd)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	return c.sendPkt(dst, pkt{
-		bs:  contents,
-		src: srcKey,
+		bs:         contents,
+		enqueuedAt: time.Now(),
+		src:        srcKey,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -656,21 +717,53 @@ func (c *sclient) handleFrameSendPacket(ft frameType, fl uint32) error {
 			}
 			return nil
 		}
-		s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-		s.packetsDroppedUnknown.Add(1)
-		if debug {
-			c.logf("dropping packet for unknown %x", dstKey)
-		}
+		s.recordDrop(contents, c.key, dstKey, dropReasonUnknownDest)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	p := pkt{
-		bs:  contents,
-		src: c.key,
+		bs:         contents,
+		enqueuedAt: time.Now(),
+		src:        c.key,
 	}
 	return c.sendPkt(dst, p)
 }
 
+// dropReason is why we dropped a DERP frame.
+type dropReason int
+
+//go:generate go run tailscale.com/cmd/addlicense -year 2021 -file dropreason_string.go go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer -type=dropReason -trimprefix=dropReason
+
+const (
+	dropReasonUnknownDest      dropReason = iota // unknown destination pubkey
+	dropReasonUnknownDestOnFwd                   // unknown destination pubkey on a derp-forwarded packet
+	dropReasonGone                               // destination tailscaled disconnected before we could send
+	dropReasonQueueHead                          // destination queue is full, dropped packet at queue head
+	dropReasonQueueTail                          // destination queue is full, dropped packet at queue tail
+	dropReasonWriteError                         // OS write() failed
+)
+
+func (s *Server) recordDrop(packetBytes []byte, srcKey, dstKey key.Public, reason dropReason) {
+	s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
+	s.packetsDroppedReasonCounters[reason].Add(1)
+	if disco.LooksLikeDiscoWrapper(packetBytes) {
+		s.packetsDroppedTypeDisco.Add(1)
+	} else {
+		s.packetsDroppedTypeOther.Add(1)
+	}
+	if verboseDropKeys[dstKey] {
+		// Preformat the log string prior to calling limitedLogf. The
+		// limiter acts based on the format string, and we want to
+		// rate-limit per src/dst keys, not on the generic "dropped
+		// stuff" message.
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("drop (%s) %s -> %s", srcKey.ShortString(), reason, dstKey.ShortString())
+		s.limitedLogf(msg)
+	}
+	if debug {
+		s.logf("dropping packet reason=%s dst=%s disco=%v", reason, dstKey, disco.LooksLikeDiscoWrapper(packetBytes))
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *sclient) sendPkt(dst *sclient, p pkt) error {
 	s := c.s
 	dstKey := dst.key
@@ -678,53 +771,34 @@ func (c *sclient) sendPkt(dst *sclient, p pkt) error {
 	// Attempt to queue for sending up to 3 times. On each attempt, if
 	// the queue is full, try to drop from queue head to prioritize
 	// fresher packets.
+	sendQueue := dst.sendQueue
+	if disco.LooksLikeDiscoWrapper(p.bs) {
+		sendQueue = dst.discoSendQueue
+	}
 	for attempt := 0; attempt < 3; attempt++ {
 		select {
 		case <-dst.done:
-			s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-			s.packetsDroppedGone.Add(1)
-			if debug {
-				c.logf("dropping packet for shutdown client %x", dstKey)
-			}
+			s.recordDrop(p.bs, c.key, dstKey, dropReasonGone)
 			return nil
 		default:
 		}
 		select {
-		case dst.sendQueue <- p:
+		case sendQueue <- p:
 			return nil
 		default:
 		}
 
 		select {
-		case <-dst.sendQueue:
-			s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-			s.packetsDroppedQueueHead.Add(1)
-			if verboseDropKeys[dstKey] {
-				// Generate a full string including src and dst, so
-				// the limiter kicks in once per src.
-				msg := fmt.Sprintf("tail drop %s -> %s", p.src.ShortString(), dstKey.ShortString())
-				c.s.limitedLogf(msg)
-			}
-			if debug {
-				c.logf("dropping packet from client %x queue head", dstKey)
-			}
+		case pkt := <-sendQueue:
+			s.recordDrop(pkt.bs, c.key, dstKey, dropReasonQueueHead)
+			c.recordQueueTime(pkt.enqueuedAt)
 		default:
 		}
 	}
 	// Failed to make room for packet. This can happen in a heavily
 	// contended queue with racing writers. Give up and tail-drop in
 	// this case to keep reader unblocked.
-	s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-	s.packetsDroppedQueueTail.Add(1)
-	if verboseDropKeys[dstKey] {
-		// Generate a full string including src and dst, so
-		// the limiter kicks in once per src.
-		msg := fmt.Sprintf("head drop %s -> %s", p.src.ShortString(), dstKey.ShortString())
-		c.s.limitedLogf(msg)
-	}
-	if debug {
-		c.logf("dropping packet from client %x queue tail", dstKey)
-	}
+	s.recordDrop(p.bs, c.key, dstKey, dropReasonQueueTail)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -750,23 +824,37 @@ func (c *sclient) requestMeshUpdate() {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) verifyClient(clientKey key.Public, info *clientInfo) error {
-	// TODO(crawshaw): implement policy constraints on who can use the DERP server
-	// TODO(bradfitz): ... and at what rate.
+	if !s.verifyClients {
+		return nil
+	}
+	status, err := tailscale.Status(context.TODO())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to query local tailscaled status: %w", err)
+	}
+	if clientKey == status.Self.PublicKey {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, exists := status.Peer[clientKey]; !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("client %v not in set of peers", clientKey)
+	}
+	// TODO(bradfitz): add policy for configurable bandwidth rate per client?
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) sendServerKey(bw *bufio.Writer) error {
+func (s *Server) sendServerKey(lw *lazyBufioWriter) error {
 	buf := make([]byte, 0, len(magic)+len(s.publicKey))
 	buf = append(buf, magic...)
 	buf = append(buf, s.publicKey[:]...)
-	return writeFrame(bw, frameServerKey, buf)
+	err := writeFrame(lw.bw(), frameServerKey, buf)
+	lw.Flush() // redundant (no-op) flush to release bufio.Writer
+	return err
 }
 
 type serverInfo struct {
 	Version int `json:"version,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func (s *Server) sendServerInfo(bw *bufio.Writer, clientKey key.Public) error {
+func (s *Server) sendServerInfo(bw *lazyBufioWriter, clientKey key.Public) error {
 	var nonce [24]byte
 	if _, err := crand.Read(nonce[:]); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -777,7 +865,7 @@ func (s *Server) sendServerInfo(bw *bufio.Writer, clientKey key.Public) error {
 	}
 
 	msgbox := box.Seal(nil, msg, &nonce, clientKey.B32(), s.privateKey.B32())
-	if err := writeFrameHeader(bw, frameServerInfo, nonceLen+uint32(len(msgbox))); err != nil {
+	if err := writeFrameHeader(bw.bw(), frameServerInfo, nonceLen+uint32(len(msgbox))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if _, err := bw.Write(nonce[:]); err != nil {
@@ -885,18 +973,25 @@ func (s *Server) recvForwardPacket(br *bufio.Reader, frameLen uint32) (srcKey, d
 // (The "s" prefix is to more explicitly distinguish it from Client in derp_client.go)
 type sclient struct {
 	// Static after construction.
-	connNum    int64 // process-wide unique counter, incremented each Accept
-	s          *Server
-	nc         Conn
-	key        key.Public
-	info       clientInfo
-	logf       logger.Logf
-	done       <-chan struct{} // closed when connection closes
-	remoteAddr string          // usually ip:port from net.Conn.RemoteAddr().String()
-	sendQueue  chan pkt        // packets queued to this client; never closed
-	peerGone   chan key.Public // write request that a previous sender has disconnected (not used by mesh peers)
-	meshUpdate chan struct{}   // write request to write peerStateChange
-	canMesh    bool            // clientInfo had correct mesh token for inter-region routing
+	connNum        int64 // process-wide unique counter, incremented each Accept
+	s              *Server
+	nc             Conn
+	key            key.Public
+	info           clientInfo
+	logf           logger.Logf
+	done           <-chan struct{} // closed when connection closes
+	remoteAddr     string          // usually ip:port from net.Conn.RemoteAddr().String()
+	remoteIPPort   netaddr.IPPort  // zero if remoteAddr is not ip:port.
+	sendQueue      chan pkt        // packets queued to this client; never closed
+	discoSendQueue chan pkt        // important packets queued to this client; never closed
+	peerGone       chan key.Public // write request that a previous sender has disconnected (not used by mesh peers)
+	meshUpdate     chan struct{}   // write request to write peerStateChange
+	canMesh        bool            // clientInfo had correct mesh token for inter-region routing
+
+	// replaceLimiter controls how quickly two connections with
+	// the same client key can kick each other off the server by
+	// taking over ownership of a key.
+	replaceLimiter *rate.Limiter
 
 	// Owned by run, not thread-safe.
 	br          *bufio.Reader
@@ -904,7 +999,7 @@ type sclient struct {
 	preferred   bool
 
 	// Owned by sender, not thread-safe.
-	bw *bufio.Writer
+	bw *lazyBufioWriter
 
 	// Guarded by s.mu
 	//
@@ -927,11 +1022,13 @@ type pkt struct {
 	// src is the who's the sender of the packet.
 	src key.Public
 
+	// enqueuedAt is when a packet was put onto a queue before it was sent,
+	// and is used for reporting metrics on the duration of packets in the queue.
+	enqueuedAt time.Time
+
 	// bs is the data packet bytes.
 	// The memory is owned by pkt.
 	bs []byte
-
-	// TODO(danderson): enqueue time, to measure queue latency?
 }
 
 func (c *sclient) setPreferred(v bool) {
@@ -959,6 +1056,25 @@ func (c *sclient) setPreferred(v bool) {
 	}
 }
 
+// expMovingAverage returns the new moving average given the previous average,
+// a new value, and an alpha decay factor.
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average#Exponential_moving_average
+func expMovingAverage(prev, newValue, alpha float64) float64 {
+	return alpha*newValue + (1-alpha)*prev
+}
+
+// recordQueueTime updates the average queue duration metric after a packet has been sent.
+func (c *sclient) recordQueueTime(enqueuedAt time.Time) {
+	elapsed := float64(time.Since(enqueuedAt).Milliseconds())
+	for {
+		old := atomic.LoadUint64(c.s.avgQueueDuration)
+		newAvg := expMovingAverage(math.Float64frombits(old), elapsed, 0.1)
+		if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint64(c.s.avgQueueDuration, old, math.Float64bits(newAvg)) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *sclient) sendLoop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	defer func() {
 		// If the sender shuts down unilaterally due to an error, close so
@@ -968,12 +1084,10 @@ func (c *sclient) sendLoop(ctx context.Context) error {
 		// Drain the send queue to count dropped packets
 		for {
 			select {
-			case <-c.sendQueue:
-				c.s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-				c.s.packetsDroppedGone.Add(1)
-				if debug {
-					c.logf("dropping packet for shutdown %x", c.key)
-				}
+			case pkt := <-c.sendQueue:
+				c.s.recordDrop(pkt.bs, pkt.src, c.key, dropReasonGone)
+			case pkt := <-c.discoSendQueue:
+				c.s.recordDrop(pkt.bs, pkt.src, c.key, dropReasonGone)
 			default:
 				return
 			}
@@ -1002,6 +1116,11 @@ func (c *sclient) sendLoop(ctx context.Context) error {
 			continue
 		case msg := <-c.sendQueue:
 			werr = c.sendPacket(msg.src, msg.bs)
+			c.recordQueueTime(msg.enqueuedAt)
+			continue
+		case msg := <-c.discoSendQueue:
+			werr = c.sendPacket(msg.src, msg.bs)
+			c.recordQueueTime(msg.enqueuedAt)
 			continue
 		case <-keepAliveTick.C:
 			werr = c.sendKeepAlive()
@@ -1025,6 +1144,10 @@ func (c *sclient) sendLoop(ctx context.Context) error {
 			continue
 		case msg := <-c.sendQueue:
 			werr = c.sendPacket(msg.src, msg.bs)
+			c.recordQueueTime(msg.enqueuedAt)
+		case msg := <-c.discoSendQueue:
+			werr = c.sendPacket(msg.src, msg.bs)
+			c.recordQueueTime(msg.enqueuedAt)
 		case <-keepAliveTick.C:
 			werr = c.sendKeepAlive()
 		}
@@ -1038,14 +1161,14 @@ func (c *sclient) setWriteDeadline() {
 // sendKeepAlive sends a keep-alive frame, without flushing.
 func (c *sclient) sendKeepAlive() error {
 	c.setWriteDeadline()
-	return writeFrameHeader(c.bw, frameKeepAlive, 0)
+	return writeFrameHeader(c.bw.bw(), frameKeepAlive, 0)
 }
 
 // sendPeerGone sends a peerGone frame, without flushing.
 func (c *sclient) sendPeerGone(peer key.Public) error {
 	c.s.peerGoneFrames.Add(1)
 	c.setWriteDeadline()
-	if err := writeFrameHeader(c.bw, framePeerGone, keyLen); err != nil {
+	if err := writeFrameHeader(c.bw.bw(), framePeerGone, keyLen); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	_, err := c.bw.Write(peer[:])
@@ -1055,7 +1178,7 @@ func (c *sclient) sendPeerGone(peer key.Public) error {
 // sendPeerPresent sends a peerPresent frame, without flushing.
 func (c *sclient) sendPeerPresent(peer key.Public) error {
 	c.setWriteDeadline()
-	if err := writeFrameHeader(c.bw, framePeerPresent, keyLen); err != nil {
+	if err := writeFrameHeader(c.bw.bw(), framePeerPresent, keyLen); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	_, err := c.bw.Write(peer[:])
@@ -1114,11 +1237,7 @@ func (c *sclient) sendPacket(srcKey key.Public, contents []byte) (err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		// Stats update.
 		if err != nil {
-			c.s.packetsDropped.Add(1)
-			c.s.packetsDroppedWrite.Add(1)
-			if debug {
-				c.logf("dropping packet to %x: %v", c.key, err)
-			}
+			c.s.recordDrop(contents, srcKey, c.key, dropReasonWriteError)
 		} else {
 			c.s.packetsSent.Add(1)
 			c.s.bytesSent.Add(int64(len(contents)))
@@ -1132,11 +1251,11 @@ func (c *sclient) sendPacket(srcKey key.Public, contents []byte) (err error) {
 	if withKey {
 		pktLen += len(srcKey)
 	}
-	if err = writeFrameHeader(c.bw, frameRecvPacket, uint32(pktLen)); err != nil {
+	if err = writeFrameHeader(c.bw.bw(), frameRecvPacket, uint32(pktLen)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if withKey {
-		err := writePublicKey(c.bw, &srcKey)
+		err := writePublicKey(c.bw.bw(), &srcKey)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -1264,7 +1383,6 @@ func (s *Server) expVarFunc(f func() interface{}) expvar.Func {
 // ExpVar returns an expvar variable suitable for registering with expvar.Publish.
 func (s *Server) ExpVar() expvar.Var {
 	m := new(metrics.Set)
-	m.Set("counter_unique_clients_ever", s.expVarFunc(func() interface{} { return len(s.clientsEver) }))
 	m.Set("gauge_memstats_sys0", expvar.Func(func() interface{} { return int64(s.memSys0) }))
 	m.Set("gauge_watchers", s.expVarFunc(func() interface{} { return len(s.watchers) }))
 	m.Set("gauge_current_connections", &s.curClients)
@@ -1274,10 +1392,13 @@ func (s *Server) ExpVar() expvar.Var {
 	m.Set("gauge_clients_remote", expvar.Func(func() interface{} { return len(s.clientsMesh) - len(s.clients) }))
 	m.Set("accepts", &s.accepts)
 	m.Set("clients_replaced", &s.clientsReplaced)
+	m.Set("clients_replace_limited", &s.clientsReplaceLimited)
+	m.Set("gauge_clients_replace_sleeping", &s.clientsReplaceSleeping)
 	m.Set("bytes_received", &s.bytesRecv)
 	m.Set("bytes_sent", &s.bytesSent)
 	m.Set("packets_dropped", &s.packetsDropped)
 	m.Set("counter_packets_dropped_reason", &s.packetsDroppedReason)
+	m.Set("counter_packets_dropped_type", &s.packetsDroppedType)
 	m.Set("counter_packets_received_kind", &s.packetsRecvByKind)
 	m.Set("packets_sent", &s.packetsSent)
 	m.Set("packets_received", &s.packetsRecv)
@@ -1290,6 +1411,9 @@ func (s *Server) ExpVar() expvar.Var {
 	m.Set("multiforwarder_created", &s.multiForwarderCreated)
 	m.Set("multiforwarder_deleted", &s.multiForwarderDeleted)
 	m.Set("packet_forwarder_delete_other_value", &s.removePktForwardOther)
+	m.Set("average_queue_duration_ms", expvar.Func(func() interface{} {
+		return math.Float64frombits(atomic.LoadUint64(s.avgQueueDuration))
+	}))
 	var expvarVersion expvar.String
 	expvarVersion.Set(version.Long)
 	m.Set("version", &expvarVersion)
@@ -1365,3 +1489,126 @@ func writePublicKey(bw *bufio.Writer, key *key.Public) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+const minTimeBetweenLogs = 2 * time.Second
+
+// BytesSentRecv records the number of bytes that have been sent since the last traffic check
+// for a given process, as well as the public key of the process sending those bytes.
+type BytesSentRecv struct {
+	Sent uint64
+	Recv uint64
+	// Key is the public key of the client which sent/received these bytes.
+	Key key.Public
+}
+
+// parseSSOutput parses the output from the specific call to ss in ServeDebugTraffic.
+// Separated out for ease of testing.
+func parseSSOutput(raw string) map[netaddr.IPPort]BytesSentRecv {
+	newState := map[netaddr.IPPort]BytesSentRecv{}
+	// parse every 2 lines and get src and dst ips, and kv pairs
+	lines := strings.Split(raw, "\n")
+	for i := 0; i < len(lines); i += 2 {
+		ipInfo := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(lines[i]))
+		if len(ipInfo) < 5 {
+			continue
+		}
+		src, err := netaddr.ParseIPPort(ipInfo[4])
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		stats := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(lines[i+1]))
+		stat := BytesSentRecv{}
+		for _, s := range stats {
+			if strings.Contains(s, "bytes_sent") {
+				sent, err := strconv.Atoi(s[strings.Index(s, ":")+1:])
+				if err == nil {
+					stat.Sent = uint64(sent)
+				}
+			} else if strings.Contains(s, "bytes_received") {
+				recv, err := strconv.Atoi(s[strings.Index(s, ":")+1:])
+				if err == nil {
+					stat.Recv = uint64(recv)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		newState[src] = stat
+	}
+	return newState
+}
+
+func (s *Server) ServeDebugTraffic(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prevState := map[netaddr.IPPort]BytesSentRecv{}
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
+	for r.Context().Err() == nil {
+		output, err := exec.Command("ss", "-i", "-H", "-t").Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "ss failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		newState := parseSSOutput(string(output))
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		for k, next := range newState {
+			prev := prevState[k]
+			if prev.Sent < next.Sent || prev.Recv < next.Recv {
+				if pkey, ok := s.keyOfAddr[k]; ok {
+					next.Key = pkey
+					if err := enc.Encode(next); err != nil {
+						s.mu.Unlock()
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		prevState = newState
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintln(w); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if f, ok := w.(http.Flusher); ok {
+			f.Flush()
+		}
+		time.Sleep(minTimeBetweenLogs)
+	}
+}
+
+var bufioWriterPool = &sync.Pool{
+	New: func() interface{} {
+		return bufio.NewWriterSize(ioutil.Discard, 2<<10)
+	},
+}
+
+// lazyBufioWriter is a bufio.Writer-like wrapping writer that lazily
+// allocates its actual bufio.Writer from a sync.Pool, releasing it to
+// the pool upon flush.
+//
+// We do this to reduce memory overhead; most DERP connections are
+// idle and the idle bufio.Writers were 30% of overall memory usage.
+type lazyBufioWriter struct {
+	w   io.Writer     // underlying
+	lbw *bufio.Writer // lazy; nil means it needs an associated buffer
+}
+
+func (w *lazyBufioWriter) bw() *bufio.Writer {
+	if w.lbw == nil {
+		w.lbw = bufioWriterPool.Get().(*bufio.Writer)
+		w.lbw.Reset(w.w)
+	}
+	return w.lbw
+}
+
+func (w *lazyBufioWriter) Available() int { return w.bw().Available() }
+
+func (w *lazyBufioWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return w.bw().Write(p) }
+
+func (w *lazyBufioWriter) Flush() error {
+	if w.lbw == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	err := w.lbw.Flush()
+
+	w.lbw.Reset(ioutil.Discard)
+	bufioWriterPool.Put(w.lbw)
+	w.lbw = nil
+
+	return err
+}

derp/derp_test.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 	"tailscale.com/net/nettest"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
@@ -849,6 +850,136 @@ func TestClientSendPong(t *testing.T) {
 
 }
 
+func TestServerReplaceClients(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		timeSleep = time.Sleep
+		timeNow = time.Now
+	}()
+
+	var (
+		mu     sync.Mutex
+		now    = time.Unix(123, 0)
+		sleeps int
+		slept  time.Duration
+	)
+	timeSleep = func(d time.Duration) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		sleeps++
+		slept += d
+		now = now.Add(d)
+	}
+	timeNow = func() time.Time {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+		return now
+	}
+
+	serverPrivateKey := newPrivateKey(t)
+	var logger logger.Logf = logger.Discard
+	const debug = false
+	if debug {
+		logger = t.Logf
+	}
+
+	s := NewServer(serverPrivateKey, logger)
+	defer s.Close()
+
+	priv := newPrivateKey(t)
+
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	connNum := 0
+	connect := func() *Client {
+		connNum++
+		cout, err := net.Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		cin, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		brwServer := bufio.NewReadWriter(bufio.NewReader(cin), bufio.NewWriter(cin))
+		go s.Accept(cin, brwServer, fmt.Sprintf("test-client-%d", connNum))
+
+		brw := bufio.NewReadWriter(bufio.NewReader(cout), bufio.NewWriter(cout))
+		c, err := NewClient(priv, cout, brw, logger)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("client %d: %v", connNum, err)
+		}
+		return c
+	}
+
+	wantVar := func(v *expvar.Int, want int64) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if got := v.Value(); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %d; want %d", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	wantClosed := func(c *Client) {
+		t.Helper()
+		for {
+			m, err := c.Recv()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Logf("got expected error: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+			switch m.(type) {
+			case ServerInfoMessage:
+				continue
+			default:
+				t.Fatalf("client got %T; wanted an error", m)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	c1 := connect()
+	waitConnect(t, c1)
+	c2 := connect()
+	waitConnect(t, c2)
+	wantVar(&s.clientsReplaced, 1)
+	wantClosed(c1)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 100+5; i++ {
+		c := connect()
+		defer c.nc.Close()
+		if s.clientsReplaceLimited.Value() == 0 && i < 90 {
+			continue
+		}
+		t.Logf("for %d: replaced=%d, limited=%d, sleeping=%d", i,
+			s.clientsReplaced.Value(),
+			s.clientsReplaceLimited.Value(),
+			s.clientsReplaceSleeping.Value(),
+		)
+	}
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	if sleeps == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("no sleeps")
+	}
+	if slept == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("total sleep duration was 0")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := rate.NewLimiter(rate.Every(time.Minute), 100)
+	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+		r := rl.Reserve()
+		d := r.Delay()
+		t.Logf("i=%d, allow=%v, d=%v", i, r.OK(), d)
+	}
+}
+
 func BenchmarkSendRecv(b *testing.B) {
 	for _, size := range []int{10, 100, 1000, 10000} {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("msgsize=%d", size), func(b *testing.B) { benchmarkSendRecvSize(b, size) })
@@ -948,3 +1079,14 @@ func waitConnect(t testing.TB, c *Client) {
 		t.Fatalf("client first Recv was unexpected type %T", v)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseSSOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/example_ss.txt")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ioutil.Readfile(example_ss.txt) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	seen := parseSSOutput(string(contents))
+	if len(seen) == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("parseSSOutput expected non-empty map")
+	}
+}

derp/derphttp/derphttp_client.go

@@ -50,9 +50,11 @@ type Client struct {
 	TLSConfig *tls.Config        // optional; nil means default
 	DNSCache  *dnscache.Resolver // optional; nil means no caching
 	MeshKey   string             // optional; for trusted clients
+	IsProber  bool               // optional; for probers to optional declare themselves as such
 
 	privateKey key.Private
 	logf       logger.Logf
+	dialer     func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error)
 
 	// Either url or getRegion is non-nil:
 	url       *url.URL
@@ -130,6 +132,11 @@ func (c *Client) ServerPublicKey() key.Public {
 	return c.serverPubKey
 }
 
+// SelfPublicKey returns our own public key.
+func (c *Client) SelfPublicKey() key.Public {
+	return c.privateKey.Public()
+}
+
 func urlPort(u *url.URL) string {
 	if p := u.Port(); p != "" {
 		return p
@@ -338,6 +345,7 @@ func (c *Client) connect(ctx context.Context, caller string) (client *derp.Clien
 		derp.MeshKey(c.MeshKey),
 		derp.ServerPublicKey(serverPub),
 		derp.CanAckPings(c.canAckPings),
+		derp.IsProber(c.IsProber),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
@@ -356,14 +364,26 @@ func (c *Client) connect(ctx context.Context, caller string) (client *derp.Clien
 	return c.client, c.connGen, nil
 }
 
+// SetURLDialer sets the dialer to use for dialing URLs.
+// This dialer is only use for clients created with NewClient, not NewRegionClient.
+// If unset or nil, the default dialer is used.
+//
+// The primary use for this is the derper mesh mode to connect to each
+// other over a VPC network.
+func (c *Client) SetURLDialer(dialer func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error)) {
+	c.dialer = dialer
+}
+
 func (c *Client) dialURL(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 	host := c.url.Hostname()
+	if c.dialer != nil {
+		return c.dialer(ctx, "tcp", net.JoinHostPort(host, urlPort(c.url)))
+	}
 	hostOrIP := host
-
 	dialer := netns.NewDialer()
 
 	if c.DNSCache != nil {
-		ip, _, err := c.DNSCache.LookupIP(ctx, host)
+		ip, _, _, err := c.DNSCache.LookupIP(ctx, host)
 		if err == nil {
 			hostOrIP = ip.String()
 		}
@@ -410,9 +430,7 @@ func (c *Client) dialRegion(ctx context.Context, reg *tailcfg.DERPRegion) (net.C
 func (c *Client) tlsClient(nc net.Conn, node *tailcfg.DERPNode) *tls.Conn {
 	tlsConf := tlsdial.Config(c.tlsServerName(node), c.TLSConfig)
 	if node != nil {
-		if node.DERPTestPort != 0 {
-			tlsConf.InsecureSkipVerify = true
-		}
+		tlsConf.InsecureSkipVerify = node.InsecureForTests
 		if node.CertName != "" {
 			tlsdial.SetConfigExpectedCert(tlsConf, node.CertName)
 		}
@@ -511,8 +529,8 @@ func (c *Client) dialNode(ctx context.Context, n *tailcfg.DERPNode) (net.Conn, e
 				dst = n.HostName
 			}
 			port := "443"
-			if n.DERPTestPort != 0 {
-				port = fmt.Sprint(n.DERPTestPort)
+			if n.DERPPort != 0 {
+				port = fmt.Sprint(n.DERPPort)
 			}
 			c, err := c.dialContext(ctx, proto, net.JoinHostPort(dst, port))
 			select {

derp/derpmap/derpmap.go

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2020 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-// Package derpmap contains information about Tailscale.com's production DERP nodes.
-//
-// This package is only used by the "tailscale netcheck" command for debugging.
-// In normal operation the Tailscale nodes get this sent to them from the control
-// server.
-//
-// TODO: remove this package and make "tailscale netcheck" get the
-// list from the control server too.
-package derpmap
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
-)
-
-func derpNode(suffix, v4, v6 string) *tailcfg.DERPNode {
-	return &tailcfg.DERPNode{
-		Name:     suffix, // updated later
-		RegionID: 0,      // updated later
-		IPv4:     v4,
-		IPv6:     v6,
-	}
-}
-
-func derpRegion(id int, code, name string, nodes ...*tailcfg.DERPNode) *tailcfg.DERPRegion {
-	region := &tailcfg.DERPRegion{
-		RegionID:   id,
-		RegionName: name,
-		RegionCode: code,
-		Nodes:      nodes,
-	}
-	for _, n := range nodes {
-		n.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%d%s", id, n.Name)
-		n.RegionID = id
-		n.HostName = fmt.Sprintf("derp%s.tailscale.com", strings.TrimSuffix(n.Name, "a"))
-	}
-	return region
-}
-
-// Prod returns Tailscale's map of relay servers.
-//
-// This list is only used by cmd/tailscale's netcheck subcommand. In
-// normal operation the Tailscale nodes get this sent to them from the
-// control server.
-//
-// This list is subject to change and should not be relied on.
-func Prod() *tailcfg.DERPMap {
-	return &tailcfg.DERPMap{
-		Regions: map[int]*tailcfg.DERPRegion{
-			1: derpRegion(1, "nyc", "New York City",
-				derpNode("a", "159.89.225.99", "2604:a880:400:d1::828:b001"),
-			),
-			2: derpRegion(2, "sfo", "San Francisco",
-				derpNode("a", "167.172.206.31", "2604:a880:2:d1::c5:7001"),
-			),
-			3: derpRegion(3, "sin", "Singapore",
-				derpNode("a", "68.183.179.66", "2400:6180:0:d1::67d:8001"),
-			),
-			4: derpRegion(4, "fra", "Frankfurt",
-				derpNode("a", "167.172.182.26", "2a03:b0c0:3:e0::36e:9001"),
-			),
-			5: derpRegion(5, "syd", "Sydney",
-				derpNode("a", "103.43.75.49", "2001:19f0:5801:10b7:5400:2ff:feaa:284c"),
-			),
-			6: derpRegion(6, "blr", "Bangalore",
-				derpNode("a", "68.183.90.120", "2400:6180:100:d0::982:d001"),
-			),
-			7: derpRegion(7, "tok", "Tokyo",
-				derpNode("a", "167.179.89.145", "2401:c080:1000:467f:5400:2ff:feee:22aa"),
-			),
-			8: derpRegion(8, "lhr", "London",
-				derpNode("a", "167.71.139.179", "2a03:b0c0:1:e0::3cc:e001"),
-			),
-			9: derpRegion(9, "dfw", "Dallas",
-				derpNode("a", "207.148.3.137", "2001:19f0:6401:1d9c:5400:2ff:feef:bb82"),
-			),
-			10: derpRegion(10, "sea", "Seattle",
-				derpNode("a", "137.220.36.168", "2001:19f0:8001:2d9:5400:2ff:feef:bbb1"),
-			),
-			11: derpRegion(11, "sao", "São Paulo",
-				derpNode("a", "18.230.97.74", "2600:1f1e:ee4:5611:ec5c:1736:d43b:a454"),
-			),
-		},
-	}
-}

derp/dropreason_string.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Code generated by "stringer -type=dropReason -trimprefix=dropReason"; DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package derp
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func _() {
+	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
+	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
+	var x [1]struct{}
+	_ = x[dropReasonUnknownDest-0]
+	_ = x[dropReasonUnknownDestOnFwd-1]
+	_ = x[dropReasonGone-2]
+	_ = x[dropReasonQueueHead-3]
+	_ = x[dropReasonQueueTail-4]
+	_ = x[dropReasonWriteError-5]
+}
+
+const _dropReason_name = "UnknownDestUnknownDestOnFwdGoneQueueHeadQueueTailWriteError"
+
+var _dropReason_index = [...]uint8{0, 11, 27, 31, 40, 49, 59}
+
+func (i dropReason) String() string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= dropReason(len(_dropReason_index)-1) {
+		return "dropReason(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
+	}
+	return _dropReason_name[_dropReason_index[i]:_dropReason_index[i+1]]
+}

derp/testdata/example_ss.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ESTAB 0      0       10.255.1.11:35238  34.210.105.16:https
+         cubic wscale:7,7 rto:236 rtt:34.14/3.432 ato:40 mss:1448 pmtu:1500 rcvmss:1448 advmss:1448 cwnd:8 ssthresh:6 bytes_sent:38056577 bytes_retrans:2918 bytes_acked:38053660 bytes_received:6973211 segs_out:165090 segs_in:124227 data_segs_out:78018 data_segs_in:71645 send 2.71Mbps lastsnd:1156 lastrcv:1120 lastack:1120 pacing_rate 3.26Mbps delivery_rate 2.35Mbps delivered:78017 app_limited busy:2586132ms retrans:0/6 dsack_dups:4 reordering:5 reord_seen:15 rcv_rtt:126355 rcv_space:65780 rcv_ssthresh:541928 minrtt:26.632
+ESTAB 0      80     100.79.58.14:ssh    100.95.73.104:58145
+         cubic wscale:6,7 rto:224 rtt:23.051/2.03 ato:172 mss:1228 pmtu:1280 rcvmss:1228 advmss:1228 cwnd:10 ssthresh:94 bytes_sent:1591815 bytes_retrans:944 bytes_acked:1590791 bytes_received:158925 segs_out:8070 segs_in:8858 data_segs_out:7452 data_segs_in:3789 send 4.26Mbps lastsnd:4 lastrcv:4 lastack:4 pacing_rate 8.52Mbps delivery_rate 10.9Mbps delivered:7451 app_limited busy:61656ms unacked:2 retrans:0/10 dsack_dups:10 rcv_rtt:174712 rcv_space:65025 rcv_ssthresh:64296 minrtt:16.186                                   
+ESTAB 0      374     10.255.1.11:43254 167.172.206.31:https
+         cubic wscale:7,7 rto:224 rtt:22.55/1.941 ato:40 mss:1448 pmtu:1500 rcvmss:1448 advmss:1448 cwnd:6 ssthresh:4 bytes_sent:14594668 bytes_retrans:173314 bytes_acked:14420981 bytes_received:4207111 segs_out:80566 segs_in:70310 data_segs_out:24317 data_segs_in:20365 send 3.08Mbps lastsnd:4 lastrcv:4 lastack:4 pacing_rate 3.7Mbps delivery_rate 3.05Mbps delivered:24111 app_limited busy:184820ms unacked:2 retrans:0/185 dsack_dups:1 reord_seen:3 rcv_rtt:651.262 rcv_space:226657 rcv_ssthresh:1557136 minrtt:10.18           
+ESTAB 0      0       10.255.1.11:33036    3.121.18.47:https
+         cubic wscale:7,7 rto:372 rtt:168.408/2.044 ato:40 mss:1448 pmtu:1500 rcvmss:1448 advmss:1448 cwnd:10 bytes_sent:27500 bytes_acked:27501 bytes_received:1386524 segs_out:10990 segs_in:11037 data_segs_out:303 data_segs_in:3414 send 688kbps lastsnd:125776 lastrcv:9640 lastack:22760 pacing_rate 1.38Mbps delivery_rate 482kbps delivered:304 app_limited busy:43024ms rcv_rtt:3345.12 rcv_space:62431 rcv_ssthresh:760472 minrtt:168.867

disco/disco.go

@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ const epLength = 16 + 2 // 16 byte IP address + 2 byte port
 func (m *CallMeMaybe) AppendMarshal(b []byte) []byte {
 	ret, p := appendMsgHeader(b, TypeCallMeMaybe, v0, epLength*len(m.MyNumber))
 	for _, ipp := range m.MyNumber {
-		a := ipp.IP.As16()
+		a := ipp.IP().As16()
 		copy(p[:], a[:])
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(p[16:], ipp.Port)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(p[16:], ipp.Port())
 		p = p[epLength:]
 	}
 	return ret
@@ -164,10 +164,9 @@ func parseCallMeMaybe(ver uint8, p []byte) (m *CallMeMaybe, err error) {
 	for len(p) > 0 {
 		var a [16]byte
 		copy(a[:], p)
-		m.MyNumber = append(m.MyNumber, netaddr.IPPort{
-			IP:   netaddr.IPFrom16(a),
-			Port: binary.BigEndian.Uint16(p[16:18]),
-		})
+		m.MyNumber = append(m.MyNumber, netaddr.IPPortFrom(
+			netaddr.IPFrom16(a),
+			binary.BigEndian.Uint16(p[16:18])))
 		p = p[epLength:]
 	}
 	return m, nil
@@ -187,9 +186,9 @@ const pongLen = 12 + 16 + 2
 func (m *Pong) AppendMarshal(b []byte) []byte {
 	ret, d := appendMsgHeader(b, TypePong, v0, pongLen)
 	d = d[copy(d, m.TxID[:]):]
-	ip16 := m.Src.IP.As16()
+	ip16 := m.Src.IP().As16()
 	d = d[copy(d, ip16[:]):]
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, m.Src.Port)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, m.Src.Port())
 	return ret
 }
 
@@ -201,10 +200,10 @@ func parsePong(ver uint8, p []byte) (m *Pong, err error) {
 	copy(m.TxID[:], p)
 	p = p[12:]
 
-	m.Src.IP, _ = netaddr.FromStdIP(net.IP(p[:16]))
+	srcIP, _ := netaddr.FromStdIP(net.IP(p[:16]))
 	p = p[16:]
-
-	m.Src.Port = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(p)
+	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(p)
+	m.Src = netaddr.IPPortFrom(srcIP, port)
 	return m, nil
 }
 

disco/disco_fuzzer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+//go:build gofuzz
 // +build gofuzz
 
 package disco

go.mod

@@ -3,47 +3,54 @@ module tailscale.com
 go 1.16
 
 require (
-	github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20180613141037-e580b900e9f5
-	github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20161002113705-648efa622239 // indirect
-	github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.4.5
-	github.com/flynn/go-shlex v0.0.0-20150515145356-3f9db97f8568 // indirect
-	github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.12.1
-	github.com/github/certstore v0.1.0
-	github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.2.2
+	github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20210105120005-909beea2cc74
+	github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.38.52
+	github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.6.0
+	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9
+	github.com/dave/jennifer v1.4.1
+	github.com/dsnet/golib/jsonfmt v1.0.0
+	github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.13.0
+	github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.3.2
 	github.com/go-multierror/multierror v1.0.2
-	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.4
-	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.3
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5
-	github.com/goreleaser/nfpm v1.1.10
-	github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v0.0.0-20210212075122-66c871082f2b
+	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.5
+	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6
+	github.com/google/goexpect v0.0.0-20210430020637-ab937bf7fd6f
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2
+	github.com/goreleaser/nfpm v1.10.3
+	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.2.0
+	github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp v0.0.0-20210621130208-1cac67f12b1e
+	github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v0.0.0-20210525051524-4cc836578190
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.10.10
-	github.com/kr/pty v1.1.8
-	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.3.2
-	github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v0.0.0-20200625151349-e4a4f32afc4a
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.30
-	github.com/pborman/getopt v0.0.0-20190409184431-ee0cd42419d3
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.12.2
+	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.4.1
+	github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v0.0.0-20210228150836-ea3ec207d697
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.42
+	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0
+	github.com/pborman/getopt v1.1.0
 	github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v2 v2.0.0
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.0
+	github.com/tailscale/certstore v0.0.0-20210528134328-066c94b793d3
 	github.com/tailscale/depaware v0.0.0-20201214215404-77d1e9757027
-	github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20210429195722-6cd106ab1339
+	github.com/tailscale/goupnp v1.0.1-0.20210804011211-c64d0f06ea05
+	github.com/tailscale/hujson v0.0.0-20200924210142-dde312d0d6a2
 	github.com/tcnksm/go-httpstat v0.2.0
 	github.com/toqueteos/webbrowser v1.2.0
 	go4.org/mem v0.0.0-20201119185036-c04c5a6ff174
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210317152858-513c2a44f670
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210616213533-5ff15b29337e
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210614182718-04defd469f4e
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210403161142-5e06dd20ab57
-	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210317153231-de623e64d2a6
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201211185031-d93e913c1a58
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.1.2-0.20201113162609-9b85be97fdf8
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
-	honnef.co/go/tools v0.1.0
-	inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210222205655-a1ec2b7b8c44
-	inet.af/netstack v0.0.0-20210317161235-a1bf4e56ef22
-	inet.af/peercred v0.0.0-20210302202138-56e694897155
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210616094352-59db8d763f22
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210503060354-a79de5458b56
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210611083556-38a9dc6acbc6
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.2
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210624150102-15b24b6179e0
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.3.16
+	honnef.co/go/tools v0.1.4
+	inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210721214506-ce7a8ad02cc1
+	inet.af/netstack v0.0.0-20210622165351-29b14ebc044e
+	inet.af/peercred v0.0.0-20210318190834-4259e17bb763
+	inet.af/wf v0.0.0-20210516214145-a5343001b756
 	rsc.io/goversion v1.2.0
 )
-
-replace github.com/github/certstore => github.com/cyolosecurity/certstore v0.0.0-20200922073901-ece7f1d353c2

hostinfo/hostinfo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package hostinfo answers questions about the host environment that Tailscale is
+// running on.
+//
+// TODO(bradfitz): move more of control/controlclient/hostinfo_* into this package.
+package hostinfo
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"go4.org/mem"
+	"tailscale.com/util/lineread"
+)
+
+// EnvType represents a known environment type.
+// The empty string, the default, means unknown.
+type EnvType string
+
+const (
+	KNative         = EnvType("kn")
+	AWSLambda       = EnvType("lm")
+	Heroku          = EnvType("hr")
+	AzureAppService = EnvType("az")
+	AWSFargate      = EnvType("fg")
+)
+
+var envType atomic.Value // of EnvType
+
+func GetEnvType() EnvType {
+	if e, ok := envType.Load().(EnvType); ok {
+		return e
+	}
+	e := getEnvType()
+	envType.Store(e)
+	return e
+}
+
+func getEnvType() EnvType {
+	if inKnative() {
+		return KNative
+	}
+	if inAWSLambda() {
+		return AWSLambda
+	}
+	if inHerokuDyno() {
+		return Heroku
+	}
+	if inAzureAppService() {
+		return AzureAppService
+	}
+	if inAWSFargate() {
+		return AWSFargate
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// InContainer reports whether we're running in a container.
+func InContainer() bool {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		return false
+	}
+	var ret bool
+	lineread.File("/proc/1/cgroup", func(line []byte) error {
+		if mem.Contains(mem.B(line), mem.S("/docker/")) ||
+			mem.Contains(mem.B(line), mem.S("/lxc/")) {
+			ret = true
+			return io.EOF // arbitrary non-nil error to stop loop
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	lineread.File("/proc/mounts", func(line []byte) error {
+		if mem.Contains(mem.B(line), mem.S("fuse.lxcfs")) {
+			ret = true
+			return io.EOF
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	return ret
+}
+
+func inKnative() bool {
+	// https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/reference/container-contract#env-vars
+	if os.Getenv("K_REVISION") != "" && os.Getenv("K_CONFIGURATION") != "" &&
+		os.Getenv("K_SERVICE") != "" && os.Getenv("PORT") != "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func inAWSLambda() bool {
+	// https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/configuration-envvars.html
+	if os.Getenv("AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME") != "" &&
+		os.Getenv("AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_VERSION") != "" &&
+		os.Getenv("AWS_LAMBDA_INITIALIZATION_TYPE") != "" &&
+		os.Getenv("AWS_LAMBDA_RUNTIME_API") != "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func inHerokuDyno() bool {
+	// https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/dynos#local-environment-variables
+	if os.Getenv("PORT") != "" && os.Getenv("DYNO") != "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func inAzureAppService() bool {
+	if os.Getenv("APPSVC_RUN_ZIP") != "" && os.Getenv("WEBSITE_STACK") != "" &&
+		os.Getenv("WEBSITE_AUTH_AUTO_AAD") != "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func inAWSFargate() bool {
+	if os.Getenv("AWS_EXECUTION_ENV") == "AWS_ECS_FARGATE" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

internal/deepprint/deepprint.go

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2020 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-// Package deepprint walks a Go value recursively, in a predictable
-// order, without looping, and prints each value out to a given
-// Writer, which is assumed to be a hash.Hash, as this package doesn't
-// format things nicely.
-//
-// This is intended as a lighter version of go-spew, etc. We don't need its
-// features when our writer is just a hash.
-package deepprint
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"reflect"
-)
-
-func Hash(v ...interface{}) string {
-	h := sha256.New()
-	Print(h, v)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil))
-}
-
-// UpdateHash sets last to the hash of v and reports whether its value changed.
-func UpdateHash(last *string, v ...interface{}) (changed bool) {
-	sig := Hash(v)
-	if *last != sig {
-		*last = sig
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func Print(w io.Writer, v ...interface{}) {
-	print(w, reflect.ValueOf(v), make(map[uintptr]bool))
-}
-
-func print(w io.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool) {
-	if !v.IsValid() {
-		return
-	}
-	switch v.Kind() {
-	default:
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unhandled kind %v for type %v", v.Kind(), v.Type()))
-	case reflect.Ptr:
-		ptr := v.Pointer()
-		if visited[ptr] {
-			return
-		}
-		visited[ptr] = true
-		print(w, v.Elem(), visited)
-		return
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "struct{\n")
-		t := v.Type()
-		for i, n := 0, v.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
-			sf := t.Field(i)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s: ", sf.Name)
-			print(w, v.Field(i), visited)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
-		}
-	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
-		if v.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 && v.CanInterface() {
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%q", v.Interface())
-			return
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "[%d]{\n", v.Len())
-		for i, ln := 0, v.Len(); i < ln; i++ {
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, " [%d]: ", i)
-			print(w, v.Index(i), visited)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "}\n")
-	case reflect.Interface:
-		print(w, v.Elem(), visited)
-	case reflect.Map:
-		sm := newSortedMap(v)
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "map[%d]{\n", len(sm.Key))
-		for i, k := range sm.Key {
-			print(w, k, visited)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, ": ")
-			print(w, sm.Value[i], visited)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "}\n")
-
-	case reflect.String:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s", v.String())
-	case reflect.Bool:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Bool())
-	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Int())
-	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Uint())
-	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Float())
-	case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Complex())
-	}
-}

internal/deepprint/deepprint_test.go

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2020 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-package deepprint
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"testing"
-
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-	"tailscale.com/wgengine/router"
-	"tailscale.com/wgengine/wgcfg"
-)
-
-func TestDeepPrint(t *testing.T) {
-	// v contains the types of values we care about for our current callers.
-	// Mostly we're just testing that we don't panic on handled types.
-	v := getVal()
-
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	Print(&buf, v)
-	t.Logf("Got: %s", buf.Bytes())
-
-	hash1 := Hash(v)
-	t.Logf("hash: %v", hash1)
-	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
-		hash2 := Hash(getVal())
-		if hash1 != hash2 {
-			t.Error("second hash didn't match")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func getVal() []interface{} {
-	return []interface{}{
-		&wgcfg.Config{
-			Name:      "foo",
-			Addresses: []netaddr.IPPrefix{{Bits: 5, IP: netaddr.IPFrom16([16]byte{3: 3})}},
-			Peers: []wgcfg.Peer{
-				{
-					Endpoints: "foo:5",
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		&router.Config{
-			Routes: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-				netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("1.2.3.0/24"),
-				netaddr.MustParseIPPrefix("1234::/64"),
-			},
-		},
-		map[string]string{
-			"key1": "val1",
-			"key2": "val2",
-			"key3": "val3",
-			"key4": "val4",
-			"key5": "val5",
-			"key6": "val6",
-			"key7": "val7",
-			"key8": "val8",
-			"key9": "val9",
-		},
-	}
-}

internal/deepprint/fmtsort.go

@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2020 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-// and
-
-// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-// This is a slightly modified fork of Go's src/internal/fmtsort/sort.go
-
-package deepprint
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"sort"
-)
-
-// Note: Throughout this package we avoid calling reflect.Value.Interface as
-// it is not always legal to do so and it's easier to avoid the issue than to face it.
-
-// sortedMap represents a map's keys and values. The keys and values are
-// aligned in index order: Value[i] is the value in the map corresponding to Key[i].
-type sortedMap struct {
-	Key   []reflect.Value
-	Value []reflect.Value
-}
-
-func (o *sortedMap) Len() int           { return len(o.Key) }
-func (o *sortedMap) Less(i, j int) bool { return compare(o.Key[i], o.Key[j]) < 0 }
-func (o *sortedMap) Swap(i, j int) {
-	o.Key[i], o.Key[j] = o.Key[j], o.Key[i]
-	o.Value[i], o.Value[j] = o.Value[j], o.Value[i]
-}
-
-// Sort accepts a map and returns a sortedMap that has the same keys and
-// values but in a stable sorted order according to the keys, modulo issues
-// raised by unorderable key values such as NaNs.
-//
-// The ordering rules are more general than with Go's < operator:
-//
-//  - when applicable, nil compares low
-//  - ints, floats, and strings order by <
-//  - NaN compares less than non-NaN floats
-//  - bool compares false before true
-//  - complex compares real, then imag
-//  - pointers compare by machine address
-//  - channel values compare by machine address
-//  - structs compare each field in turn
-//  - arrays compare each element in turn.
-//    Otherwise identical arrays compare by length.
-//  - interface values compare first by reflect.Type describing the concrete type
-//    and then by concrete value as described in the previous rules.
-//
-func newSortedMap(mapValue reflect.Value) *sortedMap {
-	if mapValue.Type().Kind() != reflect.Map {
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Note: this code is arranged to not panic even in the presence
-	// of a concurrent map update. The runtime is responsible for
-	// yelling loudly if that happens. See issue 33275.
-	n := mapValue.Len()
-	key := make([]reflect.Value, 0, n)
-	value := make([]reflect.Value, 0, n)
-	iter := mapValue.MapRange()
-	for iter.Next() {
-		key = append(key, iter.Key())
-		value = append(value, iter.Value())
-	}
-	sorted := &sortedMap{
-		Key:   key,
-		Value: value,
-	}
-	sort.Stable(sorted)
-	return sorted
-}
-
-// compare compares two values of the same type. It returns -1, 0, 1
-// according to whether a > b (1), a == b (0), or a < b (-1).
-// If the types differ, it returns -1.
-// See the comment on Sort for the comparison rules.
-func compare(aVal, bVal reflect.Value) int {
-	aType, bType := aVal.Type(), bVal.Type()
-	if aType != bType {
-		return -1 // No good answer possible, but don't return 0: they're not equal.
-	}
-	switch aVal.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-		a, b := aVal.Int(), bVal.Int()
-		switch {
-		case a < b:
-			return -1
-		case a > b:
-			return 1
-		default:
-			return 0
-		}
-	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
-		a, b := aVal.Uint(), bVal.Uint()
-		switch {
-		case a < b:
-			return -1
-		case a > b:
-			return 1
-		default:
-			return 0
-		}
-	case reflect.String:
-		a, b := aVal.String(), bVal.String()
-		switch {
-		case a < b:
-			return -1
-		case a > b:
-			return 1
-		default:
-			return 0
-		}
-	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-		return floatCompare(aVal.Float(), bVal.Float())
-	case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
-		a, b := aVal.Complex(), bVal.Complex()
-		if c := floatCompare(real(a), real(b)); c != 0 {
-			return c
-		}
-		return floatCompare(imag(a), imag(b))
-	case reflect.Bool:
-		a, b := aVal.Bool(), bVal.Bool()
-		switch {
-		case a == b:
-			return 0
-		case a:
-			return 1
-		default:
-			return -1
-		}
-	case reflect.Ptr:
-		a, b := aVal.Pointer(), bVal.Pointer()
-		switch {
-		case a < b:
-			return -1
-		case a > b:
-			return 1
-		default:
-			return 0
-		}
-	case reflect.Chan:
-		if c, ok := nilCompare(aVal, bVal); ok {
-			return c
-		}
-		ap, bp := aVal.Pointer(), bVal.Pointer()
-		switch {
-		case ap < bp:
-			return -1
-		case ap > bp:
-			return 1
-		default:
-			return 0
-		}
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		for i := 0; i < aVal.NumField(); i++ {
-			if c := compare(aVal.Field(i), bVal.Field(i)); c != 0 {
-				return c
-			}
-		}
-		return 0
-	case reflect.Array:
-		for i := 0; i < aVal.Len(); i++ {
-			if c := compare(aVal.Index(i), bVal.Index(i)); c != 0 {
-				return c
-			}
-		}
-		return 0
-	case reflect.Interface:
-		if c, ok := nilCompare(aVal, bVal); ok {
-			return c
-		}
-		c := compare(reflect.ValueOf(aVal.Elem().Type()), reflect.ValueOf(bVal.Elem().Type()))
-		if c != 0 {
-			return c
-		}
-		return compare(aVal.Elem(), bVal.Elem())
-	default:
-		// Certain types cannot appear as keys (maps, funcs, slices), but be explicit.
-		panic("bad type in compare: " + aType.String())
-	}
-}
-
-// nilCompare checks whether either value is nil. If not, the boolean is false.
-// If either value is nil, the boolean is true and the integer is the comparison
-// value. The comparison is defined to be 0 if both are nil, otherwise the one
-// nil value compares low. Both arguments must represent a chan, func,
-// interface, map, pointer, or slice.
-func nilCompare(aVal, bVal reflect.Value) (int, bool) {
-	if aVal.IsNil() {
-		if bVal.IsNil() {
-			return 0, true
-		}
-		return -1, true
-	}
-	if bVal.IsNil() {
-		return 1, true
-	}
-	return 0, false
-}
-
-// floatCompare compares two floating-point values. NaNs compare low.
-func floatCompare(a, b float64) int {
-	switch {
-	case isNaN(a):
-		return -1 // No good answer if b is a NaN so don't bother checking.
-	case isNaN(b):
-		return 1
-	case a < b:
-		return -1
-	case a > b:
-		return 1
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func isNaN(a float64) bool {
-	return a != a
-}

ipn/handle.go

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func (h *Handle) Expiry() time.Time {
 }
 
 func (h *Handle) AdminPageURL() string {
-	return h.prefsCache.ControlURLOrDefault() + "/admin/machines"
+	return h.prefsCache.AdminPageURL()
 }
 
 func (h *Handle) StartLoginInteractive() {

ipn/ipnlocal/local.go

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/client/tailscale/apitype"
 	"tailscale.com/control/controlclient"
 	"tailscale.com/health"
-	"tailscale.com/internal/deepprint"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn/ipnstate"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn/policy"
@@ -39,16 +38,20 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/paths"
 	"tailscale.com/portlist"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+	"tailscale.com/types/dnstype"
 	"tailscale.com/types/empty"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
 	"tailscale.com/types/netmap"
 	"tailscale.com/types/persist"
+	"tailscale.com/types/preftype"
 	"tailscale.com/types/wgkey"
+	"tailscale.com/util/deephash"
 	"tailscale.com/util/dnsname"
 	"tailscale.com/util/osshare"
 	"tailscale.com/util/systemd"
 	"tailscale.com/version"
+	"tailscale.com/version/distro"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/filter"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/router"
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ type LocalBackend struct {
 	serverURL             string           // tailcontrol URL
 	newDecompressor       func() (controlclient.Decompressor, error)
 
-	filterHash string
+	filterHash deephash.Sum
 
 	// The mutex protects the following elements.
 	mu             sync.Mutex
@@ -177,6 +180,7 @@ func NewLocalBackend(logf logger.Logf, logid string, store ipn.StateStore, e wge
 		gotPortPollRes: make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	b.statusChanged = sync.NewCond(&b.statusLock)
+	b.e.SetStatusCallback(b.setWgengineStatus)
 
 	linkMon := e.GetLinkMonitor()
 	b.prevIfState = linkMon.InterfaceState()
@@ -212,6 +216,15 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) SetDirectFileRoot(dir string) {
 	b.directFileRoot = dir
 }
 
+// b.mu must be held.
+func (b *LocalBackend) maybePauseControlClientLocked() {
+	if b.cc == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	networkUp := b.prevIfState.AnyInterfaceUp()
+	b.cc.SetPaused((b.state == ipn.Stopped && b.netMap != nil) || !networkUp)
+}
+
 // linkChange is our link monitor callback, called whenever the network changes.
 // major is whether ifst is different than earlier.
 func (b *LocalBackend) linkChange(major bool, ifst *interfaces.State) {
@@ -220,11 +233,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) linkChange(major bool, ifst *interfaces.State) {
 
 	hadPAC := b.prevIfState.HasPAC()
 	b.prevIfState = ifst
-
-	networkUp := ifst.AnyInterfaceUp()
-	if b.cc != nil {
-		go b.cc.SetPaused((b.state == ipn.Stopped && b.netMap != nil) || !networkUp)
-	}
+	b.maybePauseControlClientLocked()
 
 	// If the PAC-ness of the network changed, reconfig wireguard+route to
 	// add/remove subnets.
@@ -242,10 +251,10 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) linkChange(major bool, ifst *interfaces.State) {
 	// need updating to tweak default routes.
 	b.updateFilter(b.netMap, b.prefs)
 
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && b.netMap != nil && b.state == ipn.Running {
+	if peerAPIListenAsync && b.netMap != nil && b.state == ipn.Running {
 		want := len(b.netMap.Addresses)
-		b.logf("linkChange: peerAPIListeners too low; trying again")
 		if len(b.peerAPIListeners) < want {
+			b.logf("linkChange: peerAPIListeners too low; trying again")
 			go b.initPeerAPIListener()
 		}
 	}
@@ -323,9 +332,13 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) updateStatus(sb *ipnstate.StatusBuilder, extraLocked func
 		s.AuthURL = b.authURLSticky
 		if b.netMap != nil {
 			s.MagicDNSSuffix = b.netMap.MagicDNSSuffix()
+			s.CertDomains = append([]string(nil), b.netMap.DNS.CertDomains...)
 		}
 	})
 	sb.MutateSelfStatus(func(ss *ipnstate.PeerStatus) {
+		if b.netMap != nil && b.netMap.SelfNode != nil {
+			ss.ID = b.netMap.SelfNode.StableID
+		}
 		for _, pln := range b.peerAPIListeners {
 			ss.PeerAPIURL = append(ss.PeerAPIURL, pln.urlStr)
 		}
@@ -353,18 +366,19 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) populatePeerStatusLocked(sb *ipnstate.StatusBuilder) {
 		var tailAddr4 string
 		var tailscaleIPs = make([]netaddr.IP, 0, len(p.Addresses))
 		for _, addr := range p.Addresses {
-			if addr.IsSingleIP() && tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(addr.IP) {
-				if addr.IP.Is4() && tailAddr4 == "" {
+			if addr.IsSingleIP() && tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(addr.IP()) {
+				if addr.IP().Is4() && tailAddr4 == "" {
 					// The peer struct previously only allowed a single
 					// Tailscale IP address. For compatibility for a few releases starting
 					// with 1.8, keep it pulled out as IPv4-only for a bit.
-					tailAddr4 = addr.IP.String()
+					tailAddr4 = addr.IP().String()
 				}
-				tailscaleIPs = append(tailscaleIPs, addr.IP)
+				tailscaleIPs = append(tailscaleIPs, addr.IP())
 			}
 		}
 		sb.AddPeer(key.Public(p.Key), &ipnstate.PeerStatus{
 			InNetworkMap:       true,
+			ID:                 p.StableID,
 			UserID:             p.User,
 			TailAddrDeprecated: tailAddr4,
 			TailscaleIPs:       tailscaleIPs,
@@ -386,10 +400,10 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) populatePeerStatusLocked(sb *ipnstate.StatusBuilder) {
 func (b *LocalBackend) WhoIs(ipp netaddr.IPPort) (n *tailcfg.Node, u tailcfg.UserProfile, ok bool) {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
-	n, ok = b.nodeByAddr[ipp.IP]
+	n, ok = b.nodeByAddr[ipp.IP()]
 	if !ok {
 		var ip netaddr.IP
-		if ipp.Port != 0 {
+		if ipp.Port() != 0 {
 			ip, ok = b.e.WhoIsIPPort(ipp)
 		}
 		if !ok {
@@ -430,14 +444,15 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) setClientStatus(st controlclient.Status) {
 		}
 		return
 	}
-	if st.LoginFinished != nil {
+
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	wasBlocked := b.blocked
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if st.LoginFinished != nil && wasBlocked {
 		// Auth completed, unblock the engine
 		b.blockEngineUpdates(false)
 		b.authReconfig()
-		b.EditPrefs(&ipn.MaskedPrefs{
-			LoggedOutSet: true,
-			Prefs:        ipn.Prefs{LoggedOut: false},
-		})
 		b.send(ipn.Notify{LoginFinished: &empty.Message{}})
 	}
 
@@ -446,6 +461,13 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) setClientStatus(st controlclient.Status) {
 	// Lock b once and do only the things that require locking.
 	b.mu.Lock()
 
+	if st.LogoutFinished != nil {
+		// Since we're logged out now, our netmap cache is invalid.
+		// Since st.NetMap==nil means "netmap is unchanged", there is
+		// no other way to represent this change.
+		b.setNetMapLocked(nil)
+	}
+
 	prefs := b.prefs
 	stateKey := b.stateKey
 	netMap := b.netMap
@@ -476,11 +498,15 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) setClientStatus(st controlclient.Status) {
 		b.authURL = st.URL
 		b.authURLSticky = st.URL
 	}
-	if b.state == ipn.NeedsLogin {
-		if !b.prefs.WantRunning {
+	if wasBlocked && st.LoginFinished != nil {
+		// Interactive login finished successfully (URL visited).
+		// After an interactive login, the user always wants
+		// WantRunning.
+		if !b.prefs.WantRunning || b.prefs.LoggedOut {
 			prefsChanged = true
 		}
 		b.prefs.WantRunning = true
+		b.prefs.LoggedOut = false
 	}
 	// Prefs will be written out; this is not safe unless locked or cloned.
 	if prefsChanged {
@@ -543,7 +569,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) findExitNodeIDLocked(nm *netmap.NetworkMap) (prefsChanged
 
 	for _, peer := range nm.Peers {
 		for _, addr := range peer.Addresses {
-			if !addr.IsSingleIP() || addr.IP != b.prefs.ExitNodeIP {
+			if !addr.IsSingleIP() || addr.IP() != b.prefs.ExitNodeIP {
 				continue
 			}
 			// Found the node being referenced, upgrade prefs to
@@ -562,10 +588,18 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) findExitNodeIDLocked(nm *netmap.NetworkMap) (prefsChanged
 func (b *LocalBackend) setWgengineStatus(s *wgengine.Status, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		b.logf("wgengine status error: %v", err)
+
+		b.statusLock.Lock()
+		b.statusChanged.Broadcast()
+		b.statusLock.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
 	if s == nil {
 		b.logf("[unexpected] non-error wgengine update with status=nil: %v", s)
+
+		b.statusLock.Lock()
+		b.statusChanged.Broadcast()
+		b.statusLock.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -578,8 +612,8 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) setWgengineStatus(s *wgengine.Status, err error) {
 
 	if cc != nil {
 		cc.UpdateEndpoints(0, s.LocalAddrs)
+		b.stateMachine()
 	}
-	b.stateMachine()
 
 	b.statusLock.Lock()
 	b.statusChanged.Broadcast()
@@ -631,6 +665,12 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) getNewControlClientFunc() clientGen {
 // startIsNoopLocked reports whether a Start call on this LocalBackend
 // with the provided Start Options would be a useless no-op.
 //
+// TODO(apenwarr): we shouldn't need this.
+//  The state machine is now nearly clean enough where it can accept a new
+//  connection while in any state, not just Running, and on any platform.
+//  We'd want to add a few more tests to state_test.go to ensure this continues
+//  to work as expected.
+//
 // b.mu must be held.
 func (b *LocalBackend) startIsNoopLocked(opts ipn.Options) bool {
 	// Options has 5 fields; check all of them:
@@ -684,6 +724,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) Start(opts ipn.Options) error {
 		b.send(ipn.Notify{
 			State:         &state,
 			NetMap:        nm,
+			Prefs:         b.prefs,
 			LoginFinished: new(empty.Message),
 		})
 		return nil
@@ -723,6 +764,12 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) Start(opts ipn.Options) error {
 		newPrefs := opts.UpdatePrefs
 		newPrefs.Persist = b.prefs.Persist
 		b.prefs = newPrefs
+
+		if opts.StateKey != "" {
+			if err := b.store.WriteState(opts.StateKey, b.prefs.ToBytes()); err != nil {
+				b.logf("failed to save UpdatePrefs state: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	wantRunning := b.prefs.WantRunning
@@ -823,7 +870,6 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) Start(opts ipn.Options) error {
 	}
 
 	cc.SetStatusFunc(b.setClientStatus)
-	b.e.SetStatusCallback(b.setWgengineStatus)
 	b.e.SetNetInfoCallback(b.setNetInfo)
 
 	b.mu.Lock()
@@ -874,7 +920,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) updateFilter(netMap *netmap.NetworkMap, prefs *ipn.Prefs)
 	}
 	if prefs != nil {
 		for _, r := range prefs.AdvertiseRoutes {
-			if r.Bits == 0 {
+			if r.Bits() == 0 {
 				// When offering a default route to the world, we
 				// filter out locally reachable LANs, so that the
 				// default route effectively appears to be a "guest
@@ -896,10 +942,10 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) updateFilter(netMap *netmap.NetworkMap, prefs *ipn.Prefs)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	localNets := localNetsB.IPSet()
-	logNets := logNetsB.IPSet()
+	localNets, _ := localNetsB.IPSet()
+	logNets, _ := logNetsB.IPSet()
 
-	changed := deepprint.UpdateHash(&b.filterHash, haveNetmap, addrs, packetFilter, localNets.Ranges(), logNets.Ranges(), shieldsUp)
+	changed := deephash.Update(&b.filterHash, haveNetmap, addrs, packetFilter, localNets.Ranges(), logNets.Ranges(), shieldsUp)
 	if !changed {
 		return
 	}
@@ -939,22 +985,61 @@ var removeFromDefaultRoute = []netaddr.IPPrefix{
 	tsaddr.TailscaleULARange(),
 }
 
-func interfaceRoutes() (ips *netaddr.IPSet, hostIPs []netaddr.IP, err error) {
-	var b netaddr.IPSetBuilder
-	if err := interfaces.ForeachInterfaceAddress(func(_ interfaces.Interface, pfx netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-		if tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(pfx.IP) {
+// internalAndExternalInterfaces splits interface routes into "internal"
+// and "external" sets. Internal routes are those of virtual ethernet
+// network interfaces used by guest VMs and containers, such as WSL and
+// Docker.
+//
+// Given that "internal" routes don't leave the device, we choose to
+// trust them more, allowing access to them when an Exit Node is enabled.
+func internalAndExternalInterfaces() (internal, external []netaddr.IPPrefix, err error) {
+	if err := interfaces.ForeachInterfaceAddress(func(iface interfaces.Interface, pfx netaddr.IPPrefix) {
+		if tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(pfx.IP()) {
 			return
 		}
 		if pfx.IsSingleIP() {
 			return
 		}
-		hostIPs = append(hostIPs, pfx.IP)
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			// Windows Hyper-V prefixes all MAC addresses with 00:15:5d.
+			// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/virtualization/default-limit-256-dynamic-mac-addresses
+			//
+			// This includes WSL2 vEthernet.
+			// Importantly: by default WSL2 /etc/resolv.conf points to
+			// a stub resolver running on the host vEthernet IP.
+			// So enabling exit nodes with the default tailnet
+			// configuration breaks WSL2 DNS without this.
+			mac := iface.Interface.HardwareAddr
+			if len(mac) == 6 && mac[0] == 0x00 && mac[1] == 0x15 && mac[2] == 0x5d {
+				internal = append(internal, pfx)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		external = append(external, pfx)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return internal, external, nil
+}
+
+func interfaceRoutes() (ips *netaddr.IPSet, hostIPs []netaddr.IP, err error) {
+	var b netaddr.IPSetBuilder
+	if err := interfaces.ForeachInterfaceAddress(func(_ interfaces.Interface, pfx netaddr.IPPrefix) {
+		if tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(pfx.IP()) {
+			return
+		}
+		if pfx.IsSingleIP() {
+			return
+		}
+		hostIPs = append(hostIPs, pfx.IP())
 		b.AddPrefix(pfx)
 	}); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
-	return b.IPSet(), hostIPs, nil
+	ipSet, _ := b.IPSet()
+	return ipSet, hostIPs, nil
 }
 
 // shrinkDefaultRoute returns an IPSet representing the IPs in route,
@@ -985,7 +1070,7 @@ func shrinkDefaultRoute(route netaddr.IPPrefix) (*netaddr.IPSet, error) {
 	for _, pfx := range removeFromDefaultRoute {
 		b.RemovePrefix(pfx)
 	}
-	return b.IPSet(), nil
+	return b.IPSet()
 }
 
 // dnsCIDRsEqual determines whether two CIDR lists are equal
@@ -1677,11 +1762,66 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) authReconfig() {
 
 	rcfg := b.routerConfig(cfg, uc)
 
-	var dcfg dns.Config
+	dcfg := dns.Config{
+		Routes: map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IPPort{},
+		Hosts:  map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IP{},
+	}
+
+	// Populate MagicDNS records. We do this unconditionally so that
+	// quad-100 can always respond to MagicDNS queries, even if the OS
+	// isn't configured to make MagicDNS resolution truly
+	// magic. Details in
+	// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1886.
+	set := func(name string, addrs []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
+		if len(addrs) == 0 || name == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		fqdn, err := dnsname.ToFQDN(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return // TODO: propagate error?
+		}
+		var ips []netaddr.IP
+		for _, addr := range addrs {
+			// Remove IPv6 addresses for now, as we don't
+			// guarantee that the peer node actually can speak
+			// IPv6 correctly.
+			//
+			// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1152
+			// tracks adding the right capability reporting to
+			// enable AAAA in MagicDNS.
+			if addr.IP().Is6() {
+				continue
+			}
+			ips = append(ips, addr.IP())
+		}
+		dcfg.Hosts[fqdn] = ips
+	}
+	set(nm.Name, nm.Addresses)
+	for _, peer := range nm.Peers {
+		set(peer.Name, peer.Addresses)
+	}
+	for _, rec := range nm.DNS.ExtraRecords {
+		switch rec.Type {
+		case "", "A", "AAAA":
+			// Treat these all the same for now: infer from the value
+		default:
+			// TODO: more
+			continue
+		}
+		ip, err := netaddr.ParseIP(rec.Value)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Ignore.
+			continue
+		}
+		fqdn, err := dnsname.ToFQDN(rec.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dcfg.Hosts[fqdn] = append(dcfg.Hosts[fqdn], ip)
+	}
 
-	// If CorpDNS is false, dcfg remains the zero value.
 	if uc.CorpDNS {
-		addDefault := func(resolvers []tailcfg.DNSResolver) {
+		addDefault := func(resolvers []dnstype.Resolver) {
 			for _, resolver := range resolvers {
 				res, err := parseResolver(resolver)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -1693,9 +1833,6 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) authReconfig() {
 		}
 
 		addDefault(nm.DNS.Resolvers)
-		if len(nm.DNS.Routes) > 0 {
-			dcfg.Routes = map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IPPort{}
-		}
 		for suffix, resolvers := range nm.DNS.Routes {
 			fqdn, err := dnsname.ToFQDN(suffix)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1717,36 +1854,9 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) authReconfig() {
 			}
 			dcfg.SearchDomains = append(dcfg.SearchDomains, fqdn)
 		}
-		set := func(name string, addrs []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-			if len(addrs) == 0 || name == "" {
-				return
-			}
-			fqdn, err := dnsname.ToFQDN(name)
-			if err != nil {
-				return // TODO: propagate error?
-			}
-			var ips []netaddr.IP
-			for _, addr := range addrs {
-				// Remove IPv6 addresses for now, as we don't
-				// guarantee that the peer node actually can speak
-				// IPv6 correctly.
-				//
-				// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1152
-				// tracks adding the right capability reporting to
-				// enable AAAA in MagicDNS.
-				if addr.IP.Is6() {
-					continue
-				}
-				ips = append(ips, addr.IP)
-			}
-			dcfg.Hosts[fqdn] = ips
-		}
 		if nm.DNS.Proxied { // actually means "enable MagicDNS"
-			dcfg.AuthoritativeSuffixes = magicDNSRootDomains(nm)
-			dcfg.Hosts = map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IP{}
-			set(nm.Name, nm.Addresses)
-			for _, peer := range nm.Peers {
-				set(peer.Name, peer.Addresses)
+			for _, dom := range magicDNSRootDomains(nm) {
+				dcfg.Routes[dom] = nil // resolve internally with dcfg.Hosts
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1770,7 +1880,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) authReconfig() {
 			//
 			// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1713
 			addDefault(nm.DNS.FallbackResolvers)
-		case len(dcfg.Routes) == 0 && len(dcfg.Hosts) == 0 && len(dcfg.AuthoritativeSuffixes) == 0:
+		case len(dcfg.Routes) == 0:
 			// No settings requiring split DNS, no problem.
 		case version.OS() == "android":
 			// We don't support split DNS at all on Android yet.
@@ -1778,7 +1888,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) authReconfig() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	err = b.e.Reconfig(cfg, rcfg, &dcfg)
+	err = b.e.Reconfig(cfg, rcfg, &dcfg, nm.Debug)
 	if err == wgengine.ErrNoChanges {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1787,22 +1897,20 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) authReconfig() {
 	b.initPeerAPIListener()
 }
 
-func parseResolver(cfg tailcfg.DNSResolver) (netaddr.IPPort, error) {
+func parseResolver(cfg dnstype.Resolver) (netaddr.IPPort, error) {
 	ip, err := netaddr.ParseIP(cfg.Addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return netaddr.IPPort{}, fmt.Errorf("[unexpected] non-IP resolver %q", cfg.Addr)
 	}
-	return netaddr.IPPort{
-		IP:   ip,
-		Port: 53,
-	}, nil
+	return netaddr.IPPortFrom(ip, 53), nil
 }
 
 // tailscaleVarRoot returns the root directory of Tailscale's writable
 // storage area. (e.g. "/var/lib/tailscale")
 func tailscaleVarRoot() string {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "ios" {
-		dir, _ := paths.IOSSharedDir.Load().(string)
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "ios", "android":
+		dir, _ := paths.AppSharedDir.Load().(string)
 		return dir
 	}
 	stateFile := paths.DefaultTailscaledStateFile()
@@ -1846,14 +1954,30 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) closePeerAPIListenersLocked() {
 	b.peerAPIListeners = nil
 }
 
+// peerAPIListenAsync is whether the operating system requires that we
+// retry listening on the peerAPI ip/port for whatever reason.
+//
+// On Windows, see Issue 1620.
+// On Android, see Issue 1960.
+const peerAPIListenAsync = runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "android"
+
 func (b *LocalBackend) initPeerAPIListener() {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if b.netMap == nil {
+		// We're called from authReconfig which checks that
+		// netMap is non-nil, but if a concurrent Logout,
+		// ResetForClientDisconnect, or Start happens when its
+		// mutex was released, the netMap could be
+		// nil'ed out (Issue 1996). Bail out early here if so.
+		return
+	}
+
 	if len(b.netMap.Addresses) == len(b.peerAPIListeners) {
 		allSame := true
 		for i, pln := range b.peerAPIListeners {
-			if pln.ip != b.netMap.Addresses[i].IP {
+			if pln.ip != b.netMap.Addresses[i].IP() {
 				allSame = false
 				break
 			}
@@ -1898,21 +2022,20 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) initPeerAPIListener() {
 		var err error
 		skipListen := i > 0 && isNetstack
 		if !skipListen {
-			ln, err = ps.listen(a.IP, b.prevIfState)
+			ln, err = ps.listen(a.IP(), b.prevIfState)
 			if err != nil {
-				if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-					// Expected for now. See Issue 1620.
-					// But we fix it later in linkChange
+				if peerAPIListenAsync {
+					// Expected. But we fix it later in linkChange
 					// ("peerAPIListeners too low").
 					continue
 				}
-				b.logf("[unexpected] peerapi listen(%q) error: %v", a.IP, err)
+				b.logf("[unexpected] peerapi listen(%q) error: %v", a.IP(), err)
 				continue
 			}
 		}
 		pln := &peerAPIListener{
 			ps: ps,
-			ip: a.IP,
+			ip: a.IP(),
 			ln: ln, // nil for 2nd+ on netstack
 			lb: b,
 		}
@@ -1921,7 +2044,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) initPeerAPIListener() {
 		} else {
 			pln.port = ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
 		}
-		pln.urlStr = "http://" + net.JoinHostPort(a.IP.String(), strconv.Itoa(pln.port))
+		pln.urlStr = "http://" + net.JoinHostPort(a.IP().String(), strconv.Itoa(pln.port))
 		b.logf("peerapi: serving on %s", pln.urlStr)
 		go pln.serve()
 		b.peerAPIListeners = append(b.peerAPIListeners, pln)
@@ -1972,14 +2095,14 @@ func peerRoutes(peers []wgcfg.Peer, cgnatThreshold int) (routes []netaddr.IPPref
 		for _, aip := range peer.AllowedIPs {
 			aip = unmapIPPrefix(aip)
 			// Only add the Tailscale IPv6 ULA once, if we see anybody using part of it.
-			if aip.IP.Is6() && aip.IsSingleIP() && tsULA.Contains(aip.IP) {
+			if aip.IP().Is6() && aip.IsSingleIP() && tsULA.Contains(aip.IP()) {
 				if !didULA {
 					didULA = true
 					routes = append(routes, tsULA)
 				}
 				continue
 			}
-			if aip.IsSingleIP() && cgNAT.Contains(aip.IP) {
+			if aip.IsSingleIP() && cgNAT.Contains(aip.IP()) {
 				cgNATIPs = append(cgNATIPs, aip)
 			} else {
 				routes = append(routes, aip)
@@ -2005,6 +2128,11 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) routerConfig(cfg *wgcfg.Config, prefs *ipn.Prefs) *router
 		Routes:           peerRoutes(cfg.Peers, 10_000),
 	}
 
+	if distro.Get() == distro.Synology {
+		// Issue 1995: we don't use iptables on Synology.
+		rs.NetfilterMode = preftype.NetfilterOff
+	}
+
 	// Sanity check: we expect the control server to program both a v4
 	// and a v6 default route, if default routing is on. Fill in
 	// blackhole routes appropriately if we're missing some. This is
@@ -2030,32 +2158,32 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) routerConfig(cfg *wgcfg.Config, prefs *ipn.Prefs) *router
 		if !default6 {
 			rs.Routes = append(rs.Routes, ipv6Default)
 		}
-		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-			// Only allow local lan access on linux machines for now.
-			ips, _, err := interfaceRoutes()
-			if err != nil {
-				b.logf("failed to discover interface ips: %v", err)
-			}
+		internalIPs, externalIPs, err := internalAndExternalInterfaces()
+		if err != nil {
+			b.logf("failed to discover interface ips: %v", err)
+		}
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			rs.LocalRoutes = internalIPs // unconditionally allow access to guest VM networks
 			if prefs.ExitNodeAllowLANAccess {
-				rs.LocalRoutes = ips.Prefixes()
+				rs.LocalRoutes = append(rs.LocalRoutes, externalIPs...)
+				if len(externalIPs) != 0 {
+					b.logf("allowing exit node access to internal IPs: %v", internalIPs)
+				}
 			} else {
 				// Explicitly add routes to the local network so that we do not
 				// leak any traffic.
-				rs.Routes = append(rs.Routes, ips.Prefixes()...)
+				rs.Routes = append(rs.Routes, externalIPs...)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	rs.Routes = append(rs.Routes, netaddr.IPPrefix{
-		IP:   tsaddr.TailscaleServiceIP(),
-		Bits: 32,
-	})
+	rs.Routes = append(rs.Routes, netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(tsaddr.TailscaleServiceIP(), 32))
 
 	return rs
 }
 
 func unmapIPPrefix(ipp netaddr.IPPrefix) netaddr.IPPrefix {
-	return netaddr.IPPrefix{IP: ipp.IP.Unmap(), Bits: ipp.Bits}
+	return netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(ipp.IP().Unmap(), ipp.Bits())
 }
 
 func unmapIPPrefixes(ippsList ...[]netaddr.IPPrefix) (ret []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
@@ -2073,6 +2201,18 @@ func applyPrefsToHostinfo(hi *tailcfg.Hostinfo, prefs *ipn.Prefs) {
 	}
 	if v := prefs.OSVersion; v != "" {
 		hi.OSVersion = v
+
+		// The Android app annotates when Google Play Services
+		// aren't available by tacking on a string to the
+		// OSVersion. Promote that to the Hostinfo.Package
+		// field instead, rather than adding a new pref, as
+		// this applyPrefsToHostinfo mechanism is mostly
+		// abused currently. TODO(bradfitz): instead let
+		// frontends update Hostinfo, without using Prefs.
+		if runtime.GOOS == "android" && strings.HasSuffix(v, " [nogoogle]") {
+			hi.Package = "nogoogle"
+			hi.OSVersion = strings.TrimSuffix(v, " [nogoogle]")
+		}
 	}
 	if m := prefs.DeviceModel; m != "" {
 		hi.DeviceModel = m
@@ -2092,9 +2232,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) enterState(newState ipn.State) {
 	oldState := b.state
 	b.state = newState
 	prefs := b.prefs
-	cc := b.cc
 	netMap := b.netMap
-	networkUp := b.prevIfState.AnyInterfaceUp()
 	activeLogin := b.activeLogin
 	authURL := b.authURL
 	if newState == ipn.Running {
@@ -2104,27 +2242,24 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) enterState(newState ipn.State) {
 		// Transitioning away from running.
 		b.closePeerAPIListenersLocked()
 	}
+	b.maybePauseControlClientLocked()
 	b.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if oldState == newState {
 		return
 	}
-	b.logf("Switching ipn state %v -> %v (WantRunning=%v)",
-		oldState, newState, prefs.WantRunning)
+	b.logf("Switching ipn state %v -> %v (WantRunning=%v, nm=%v)",
+		oldState, newState, prefs.WantRunning, netMap != nil)
 	health.SetIPNState(newState.String(), prefs.WantRunning)
 	b.send(ipn.Notify{State: &newState})
 
-	if cc != nil {
-		cc.SetPaused((newState == ipn.Stopped && netMap != nil) || !networkUp)
-	}
-
 	switch newState {
 	case ipn.NeedsLogin:
 		systemd.Status("Needs login: %s", authURL)
 		b.blockEngineUpdates(true)
 		fallthrough
 	case ipn.Stopped:
-		err := b.e.Reconfig(&wgcfg.Config{}, &router.Config{}, &dns.Config{})
+		err := b.e.Reconfig(&wgcfg.Config{}, &router.Config{}, &dns.Config{}, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.logf("Reconfig(down): %v", err)
 		}
@@ -2138,8 +2273,8 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) enterState(newState ipn.State) {
 		b.e.RequestStatus()
 	case ipn.Running:
 		var addrs []string
-		for _, addr := range b.netMap.Addresses {
-			addrs = append(addrs, addr.IP.String())
+		for _, addr := range netMap.Addresses {
+			addrs = append(addrs, addr.IP().String())
 		}
 		systemd.Status("Connected; %s; %s", activeLogin, strings.Join(addrs, " "))
 	default:
@@ -2166,13 +2301,14 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) nextState() ipn.State {
 		cc          = b.cc
 		netMap      = b.netMap
 		state       = b.state
+		blocked     = b.blocked
 		wantRunning = b.prefs.WantRunning
 		loggedOut   = b.prefs.LoggedOut
 	)
 	b.mu.Unlock()
 
 	switch {
-	case !wantRunning && !loggedOut && b.hasNodeKey():
+	case !wantRunning && !loggedOut && !blocked && b.hasNodeKey():
 		return ipn.Stopped
 	case netMap == nil:
 		if cc.AuthCantContinue() || loggedOut {
@@ -2243,7 +2379,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) stateMachine() {
 // a status update that predates the "I've shut down" update.
 func (b *LocalBackend) stopEngineAndWait() {
 	b.logf("stopEngineAndWait...")
-	b.e.Reconfig(&wgcfg.Config{}, &router.Config{}, &dns.Config{})
+	b.e.Reconfig(&wgcfg.Config{}, &router.Config{}, &dns.Config{}, nil)
 	b.requestEngineStatusAndWait()
 	b.logf("stopEngineAndWait: done.")
 }
@@ -2300,7 +2436,6 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) LogoutSync(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (b *LocalBackend) logout(ctx context.Context, sync bool) error {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	cc := b.cc
-	b.setNetMapLocked(nil)
 	b.mu.Unlock()
 
 	b.EditPrefs(&ipn.MaskedPrefs{
@@ -2327,10 +2462,6 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) logout(ctx context.Context, sync bool) error {
 		cc.StartLogout()
 	}
 
-	b.mu.Lock()
-	b.setNetMapLocked(nil)
-	b.mu.Unlock()
-
 	b.stateMachine()
 	return err
 }
@@ -2382,6 +2513,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) setNetMapLocked(nm *netmap.NetworkMap) {
 		b.logf("active login: %v", login)
 		b.activeLogin = login
 	}
+	b.maybePauseControlClientLocked()
 
 	// Determine if file sharing is enabled
 	fs := hasCapability(nm, tailcfg.CapabilityFileSharing)
@@ -2406,7 +2538,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) setNetMapLocked(nm *netmap.NetworkMap) {
 	addNode := func(n *tailcfg.Node) {
 		for _, ipp := range n.Addresses {
 			if ipp.IsSingleIP() {
-				b.nodeByAddr[ipp.IP] = n
+				b.nodeByAddr[ipp.IP()] = n
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -2532,6 +2664,42 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) FileTargets() ([]*apitype.FileTarget, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+// SetDNS adds a DNS record for the given domain name & TXT record
+// value.
+//
+// It's meant for use with dns-01 ACME (LetsEncrypt) challenges.
+//
+// This is the low-level interface. Other layers will provide more
+// friendly options to get HTTPS certs.
+func (b *LocalBackend) SetDNS(ctx context.Context, name, value string) error {
+	req := &tailcfg.SetDNSRequest{
+		Version: 1,
+		Type:    "TXT",
+		Name:    name,
+		Value:   value,
+	}
+
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	cc := b.cc
+	if prefs := b.prefs; prefs != nil {
+		req.NodeKey = tailcfg.NodeKey(prefs.Persist.PrivateNodeKey.Public())
+	}
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+	if cc == nil {
+		return errors.New("not connected")
+	}
+	if req.NodeKey.IsZero() {
+		return errors.New("no nodekey")
+	}
+	if name == "" {
+		return errors.New("missing 'name'")
+	}
+	if value == "" {
+		return errors.New("missing 'value'")
+	}
+	return cc.SetDNS(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (b *LocalBackend) registerIncomingFile(inf *incomingFile, active bool) {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
@@ -2558,9 +2726,9 @@ func peerAPIBase(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peer *tailcfg.Node) string {
 			continue
 		}
 		switch {
-		case a.IP.Is4():
+		case a.IP().Is4():
 			have4 = true
-		case a.IP.Is6():
+		case a.IP().Is6():
 			have6 = true
 		}
 	}
@@ -2576,11 +2744,11 @@ func peerAPIBase(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peer *tailcfg.Node) string {
 	var ipp netaddr.IPPort
 	switch {
 	case have4 && p4 != 0:
-		ipp = netaddr.IPPort{IP: nodeIP(peer, netaddr.IP.Is4), Port: p4}
+		ipp = netaddr.IPPortFrom(nodeIP(peer, netaddr.IP.Is4), p4)
 	case have6 && p6 != 0:
-		ipp = netaddr.IPPort{IP: nodeIP(peer, netaddr.IP.Is6), Port: p6}
+		ipp = netaddr.IPPortFrom(nodeIP(peer, netaddr.IP.Is6), p6)
 	}
-	if ipp.IP.IsZero() {
+	if ipp.IP().IsZero() {
 		return ""
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("http://%v", ipp)
@@ -2588,8 +2756,8 @@ func peerAPIBase(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peer *tailcfg.Node) string {
 
 func nodeIP(n *tailcfg.Node, pred func(netaddr.IP) bool) netaddr.IP {
 	for _, a := range n.Addresses {
-		if a.IsSingleIP() && pred(a.IP) {
-			return a.IP
+		if a.IsSingleIP() && pred(a.IP()) {
+			return a.IP()
 		}
 	}
 	return netaddr.IP{}
@@ -2604,7 +2772,6 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) CheckIPForwarding() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if isBSD(runtime.GOOS) {
-		//lint:ignore ST1005 output to users as is
 		return fmt.Errorf("Subnet routing and exit nodes only work with additional manual configuration on %v, and is not currently officially supported.", runtime.GOOS)
 	}
 
@@ -2618,20 +2785,18 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) CheckIPForwarding() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	const suffix = "\nSubnet routes won't work without IP forwarding.\nSee https://tailscale.com/kb/1104/enable-ip-forwarding/"
 	for _, key := range keys {
 		bs, err := exec.Command("sysctl", "-n", key).Output()
 		if err != nil {
-			//lint:ignore ST1005 output to users as is
-			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't check %s (%v).\nSubnet routes won't work without IP forwarding.", key, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't check %s (%v)%s", key, err, suffix)
 		}
 		on, err := strconv.ParseBool(string(bytes.TrimSpace(bs)))
 		if err != nil {
-			//lint:ignore ST1005 output to users as is
-			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse %s (%v).\nSubnet routes won't work without IP forwarding.", key, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse %s (%v)%s.", key, err, suffix)
 		}
 		if !on {
-			//lint:ignore ST1005 output to users as is
-			return fmt.Errorf("%s is disabled. Subnet routes won't work.", key)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is disabled.%s", key, suffix)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -2649,3 +2814,13 @@ func (b *LocalBackend) PeerDialControlFunc() func(network, address string, c sys
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// DERPMap returns the current DERPMap in use, or nil if not connected.
+func (b *LocalBackend) DERPMap() *tailcfg.DERPMap {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if b.netMap == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return b.netMap.DERPMap
+}

ipn/ipnlocal/local_test.go

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func TestShrinkDefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
 			out: []string{
 				"fe80::1",
 				"ff00::1",
-				tsaddr.TailscaleULARange().IP.String(),
+				tsaddr.TailscaleULARange().IP().String(),
 			},
 			localIPFn: func(ip netaddr.IP) bool { return !inRemove(ip) && ip.Is6() },
 		},

ipn/ipnlocal/peerapi.go

@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ func (h *peerAPIHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 <body>
 <h1>Hello, %s (%v)</h1>
 This is my Tailscale device. Your device is %v.
-`, html.EscapeString(who), h.remoteAddr.IP, html.EscapeString(h.peerNode.ComputedName))
+`, html.EscapeString(who), h.remoteAddr.IP(), html.EscapeString(h.peerNode.ComputedName))
 
 	if h.isSelf {
 		fmt.Fprintf(w, "<p>You are the owner of this node.\n")

ipn/ipnlocal/peerapi_macios_ext.go

@@ -2,21 +2,20 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-// +build darwin,redo ios,redo
+//go:build (darwin && ts_macext) || (ios && ts_macext)
+// +build darwin,ts_macext ios,ts_macext
 
 package ipnlocal
 
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"net"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/net/interfaces"
+	"tailscale.com/net/netns"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -32,29 +31,7 @@ func initListenConfigNetworkExtension(nc *net.ListenConfig, ip netaddr.IP, st *i
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no interface with name %q", tunIfName)
 	}
-	nc.Control = func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
-		var sockErr error
-		err := c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-			sockErr = bindIf(fd, network, address, tunIf.Index)
-			log.Printf("peerapi: bind(%q, %q) on index %v = %v", network, address, tunIf.Index, sockErr)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return sockErr
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func bindIf(fd uintptr, network, address string, ifIndex int) error {
-	v6 := strings.Contains(address, "]:") || strings.HasSuffix(network, "6") // hacky test for v6
-	proto := unix.IPPROTO_IP
-	opt := unix.IP_BOUND_IF
-	if v6 {
-		proto = unix.IPPROTO_IPV6
-		opt = unix.IPV6_BOUND_IF
-	}
-	return unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), proto, opt, ifIndex)
+	return netns.SetListenConfigInterfaceIndex(nc, tunIf.Index)
 }
 
 func peerDialControlFuncNetworkExtension(b *LocalBackend) func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
@@ -68,17 +45,12 @@ func peerDialControlFuncNetworkExtension(b *LocalBackend) func(network, address
 			index = tunIf.Index
 		}
 	}
+	var lc net.ListenConfig
+	netns.SetListenConfigInterfaceIndex(&lc, index)
 	return func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
 		if index == -1 {
 			return errors.New("failed to find TUN interface to bind to")
 		}
-		var sockErr error
-		err := c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-			sockErr = bindIf(fd, network, address, index)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return sockErr
+		return lc.Control(network, address, c)
 	}
 }

ipn/ipnlocal/state_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 	"tailscale.com/control/controlclient"
 	"tailscale.com/ipn"
+	"tailscale.com/syncs"
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 	"tailscale.com/types/empty"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ func (cc *mockControl) send(err error, url string, loginFinished bool, nm *netma
 		}
 		if loginFinished {
 			s.LoginFinished = &empty.Message{}
+		} else if url == "" && err == nil && nm == nil {
+			s.LogoutFinished = &empty.Message{}
 		}
 		cc.statusFunc(s)
 	}
@@ -246,6 +249,10 @@ func (cc *mockControl) UpdateEndpoints(localPort uint16, endpoints []tailcfg.End
 	cc.called("UpdateEndpoints")
 }
 
+func (*mockControl) SetDNS(context.Context, *tailcfg.SetDNSRequest) error {
+	panic("unexpected SetDNS call")
+}
+
 // A very precise test of the sequence of function calls generated by
 // ipnlocal.Local into its controlclient instance, and the events it
 // produces upstream into the UI.
@@ -271,7 +278,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)
 
 	logf := t.Logf
-	store := new(ipn.MemoryStore)
+	store := new(testStateStorage)
 	e, err := wgengine.NewFakeUserspaceEngine(logf, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("NewFakeUserspaceEngine: %v", err)
@@ -347,7 +354,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(b.Start(ipn.Options{StateKey: ipn.GlobalDaemonStateKey}), qt.IsNil)
 	{
 		// BUG: strictly, it should pause, not unpause, here, since !WantRunning.
-		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "New", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "unpause", "New", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 
 		nn := notifies.drain(2)
 		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
@@ -368,13 +375,11 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	{
 		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"Login"})
 		notifies.drain(0)
-		// BUG: this should immediately set WantRunning to true.
-		// Users don't log in if they don't want to also connect.
-		// (Generally, we're inconsistent about who is supposed to
-		// update Prefs at what time. But the overall philosophy is:
-		// update it when the user's intent changes. This is clearly
-		// at the time the user *requests* Login, not at the time
-		// the login finishes.)
+		// Note: WantRunning isn't true yet. It'll switch to true
+		// after a successful login finishes.
+		// (This behaviour is needed so that b.Login() won't
+		// start connecting to an old account right away, if one
+		// exists when you launch another login.)
 	}
 
 	// Attempted non-interactive login with no key; indicate that
@@ -384,18 +389,16 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	url1 := "http://localhost:1/1"
 	cc.send(nil, url1, false, nil)
 	{
-		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
+		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"unpause"})
 
 		// ...but backend eats that notification, because the user
 		// didn't explicitly request interactive login yet, and
 		// we're already in NeedsLogin state.
 		nn := notifies.drain(1)
 
-		// Trying to log in automatically sets WantRunning.
-		// BUG: that should have happened right after Login().
 		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsFalse)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 	}
 
 	// Now we'll try an interactive login.
@@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		// We're still not logged in so there's nothing we can do
 		// with it. (And empirically, it's providing an empty list
 		// of endpoints.)
-		c.Assert([]string{"UpdateEndpoints"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"UpdateEndpoints", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 		c.Assert(nn[0].BrowseToURL, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(url1, qt.Equals, *nn[0].BrowseToURL)
 	}
@@ -437,7 +440,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	cc.send(nil, url2, false, nil)
 	{
 		// BUG: UpdateEndpoints again, this is getting silly.
-		c.Assert([]string{"UpdateEndpoints"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"UpdateEndpoints", "unpause", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 
 		// This time, backend should emit it to the UI right away,
 		// because the UI is anxiously awaiting a new URL to visit.
@@ -451,11 +454,12 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	// same time.
 	// The backend should propagate this upward for the UI.
 	t.Logf("\n\nLoginFinished")
-	notifies.expect(2)
+	notifies.expect(3)
 	cc.setAuthBlocked(false)
+	cc.persist.LoginName = "user1"
 	cc.send(nil, "", true, &netmap.NetworkMap{})
 	{
-		nn := notifies.drain(2)
+		nn := notifies.drain(3)
 		// BUG: still too soon for UpdateEndpoints.
 		//
 		// Arguably it makes sense to unpause now, since the machine
@@ -466,23 +470,20 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		// wait until it gets into Starting.
 		// TODO: (Currently this test doesn't detect that bug, but
 		// it's visible in the logs)
-		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "UpdateEndpoints"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "unpause", "UpdateEndpoints", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 		c.Assert(nn[0].LoginFinished, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[1].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsMachineAuth, qt.Equals, *nn[1].State)
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(nn[2].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.Persist.LoginName, qt.Equals, "user1")
+		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsMachineAuth, qt.Equals, *nn[2].State)
 	}
 
-	// TODO: check that the logged-in username propagates from control
-	// through to the UI notifications. I think it's used as a hint
-	// for future logins, to pre-fill the username box? Not really sure
-	// how it works.
-
 	// Pretend that the administrator has authorized our machine.
 	t.Logf("\n\nMachineAuthorized")
 	notifies.expect(1)
 	// BUG: the real controlclient sends LoginFinished with every
 	// notification while it's in StateAuthenticated, but not StateSynced.
-	// We should send it exactly once, or every time we're authenticated,
+	// It should send it exactly once, or every time we're authenticated,
 	// but the current code is brittle.
 	// (ie. I suspect it would be better to change false->true in send()
 	// below, and do the same in the real controlclient.)
@@ -491,7 +492,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	{
 		nn := notifies.drain(1)
-		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "UpdateEndpoints"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "unpause", "UpdateEndpoints", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
 	}
@@ -523,6 +524,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// The user changes their preference to WantRunning after all.
 	t.Logf("\n\nWantRunning -> true")
+	store.awaitWrite()
 	notifies.expect(2)
 	b.EditPrefs(&ipn.MaskedPrefs{
 		WantRunningSet: true,
@@ -532,15 +534,17 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		nn := notifies.drain(2)
 		// BUG: UpdateEndpoints isn't needed here.
 		// BUG: Login isn't needed here. We never logged out.
-		c.Assert([]string{"Login", "unpause", "UpdateEndpoints"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"Login", "unpause", "UpdateEndpoints", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 		// BUG: I would expect Prefs to change first, and state after.
 		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
+		c.Assert(store.sawWrite(), qt.IsTrue)
 	}
 
 	// Test the fast-path frontend reconnection.
-	// This one is very finicky, so we have to force State==Running.
+	// This one is very finicky, so we have to force State==Running
+	// or it won't use the fast path.
 	// TODO: actually get to State==Running, rather than cheating.
 	//  That'll require spinning up a fake DERP server and putting it in
 	//  the netmap.
@@ -554,29 +558,27 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[0].LoginFinished, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[0].NetMap, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		// BUG: Prefs should be sent too, or the UI could end up in
-		// a bad state. (iOS, the only current user of this feature,
-		// probably wouldn't notice because it happens to not display
-		// any prefs. Maybe exit nodes will look weird?)
+		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 	}
 
 	// undo the state hack above.
 	b.state = ipn.Starting
 
 	// User wants to logout.
+	store.awaitWrite()
 	t.Logf("\n\nLogout (async)")
 	notifies.expect(2)
 	b.Logout()
 	{
 		nn := notifies.drain(2)
-		// BUG: now is not the time to unpause.
-		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "StartLogout"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"pause", "StartLogout", "pause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
+		c.Assert(ipn.Stopped, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
 		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
 		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
-		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
+		c.Assert(ipn.Stopped, qt.Equals, b.State())
+		c.Assert(store.sawWrite(), qt.IsTrue)
 	}
 
 	// Let's make the logout succeed.
@@ -586,72 +588,67 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	cc.send(nil, "", false, nil)
 	{
 		nn := notifies.drain(1)
-		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
-		// BUG: WantRunning should be false after manual logout.
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
 
 	// A second logout should do nothing, since the prefs haven't changed.
 	t.Logf("\n\nLogout2 (async)")
-	notifies.expect(1)
+	notifies.expect(0)
 	b.Logout()
 	{
-		nn := notifies.drain(1)
+		notifies.drain(0)
 		// BUG: the backend has already called StartLogout, and we're
 		// still logged out. So it shouldn't call it again.
-		c.Assert([]string{"StartLogout"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
-		// BUG: Prefs should not change here. Already logged out.
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
+		c.Assert([]string{"StartLogout", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
 
 	// Let's acknowledge the second logout too.
 	t.Logf("\n\nLogout2 (async) - succeed")
-	notifies.expect(1)
+	notifies.expect(0)
 	cc.setAuthBlocked(true)
 	cc.send(nil, "", false, nil)
 	{
-		nn := notifies.drain(1)
-		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
-		// BUG: second logout shouldn't cause WantRunning->true !!
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
+		notifies.drain(0)
+		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"unpause", "unpause"})
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
 
 	// Try the synchronous logout feature.
 	t.Logf("\n\nLogout3 (sync)")
-	notifies.expect(1)
+	notifies.expect(0)
 	b.LogoutSync(context.Background())
 	// NOTE: This returns as soon as cc.Logout() returns, which is okay
 	// I guess, since that's supposed to be synchronous.
 	{
-		nn := notifies.drain(1)
-		c.Assert([]string{"Logout"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
+		notifies.drain(0)
+		c.Assert([]string{"Logout", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
 
 	// Generate the third logout event.
 	t.Logf("\n\nLogout3 (sync) - succeed")
-	notifies.expect(1)
+	notifies.expect(0)
 	cc.setAuthBlocked(true)
 	cc.send(nil, "", false, nil)
 	{
-		nn := notifies.drain(1)
-		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
-		// BUG: third logout shouldn't cause WantRunning->true !!
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
+		notifies.drain(0)
+		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.DeepEquals, []string{"unpause", "unpause"})
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(b.Prefs().WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
 
@@ -669,10 +666,6 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	// happens if the user exits and restarts while logged out.
 	// Note that it's explicitly okay to call b.Start() over and over
 	// again, every time the frontend reconnects.
-	//
-	// BUG: WantRunning is true here (because of the bug above).
-	//  We'll have to adjust the following test's expectations if we
-	//  fix that.
 
 	// TODO: test user switching between statekeys.
 
@@ -684,14 +677,14 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		// BUG: We already called Shutdown(), no need to do it again.
 		// BUG: Way too soon for UpdateEndpoints.
 		// BUG: don't unpause because we're not logged in.
-		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "New", "UpdateEndpoints", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "unpause", "New", "UpdateEndpoints", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 
 		nn := notifies.drain(2)
 		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
 		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[1].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsTrue)
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsFalse)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, *nn[1].State)
 		c.Assert(ipn.NeedsLogin, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
@@ -703,16 +696,20 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("\n\nLoginFinished3")
 	notifies.expect(3)
 	cc.setAuthBlocked(false)
+	cc.persist.LoginName = "user2"
 	cc.send(nil, "", true, &netmap.NetworkMap{
 		MachineStatus: tailcfg.MachineAuthorized,
 	})
 	{
 		nn := notifies.drain(3)
-		c.Assert([]string{"unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[1].LoginFinished, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert(nn[0].LoginFinished, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[2].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsFalse)
+		// Prefs after finishing the login, so LoginName updated.
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.Persist.LoginName, qt.Equals, "user2")
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsFalse)
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
 		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[2].State)
 	}
 
@@ -745,9 +742,8 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		//  on startup, otherwise UIs can't show the node list, login
 		//  name, etc when in state ipn.Stopped.
 		//  Arguably they shouldn't try. But they currently do.
-		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "New", "UpdateEndpoints", "Login", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
-
 		nn := notifies.drain(2)
+		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "unpause", "New", "UpdateEndpoints", "Login", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
 		c.Assert(nn[0].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
 		c.Assert(nn[1].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
@@ -756,6 +752,25 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(ipn.Stopped, qt.Equals, *nn[1].State)
 	}
 
+	// When logged in but !WantRunning, ipn leaves us unpaused to retrieve
+	// the first netmap. Simulate that netmap being received, after which
+	// it should pause us, to avoid wasting CPU retrieving unnecessarily
+	// additional netmap updates.
+	//
+	// TODO: really the various GUIs and prefs should be refactored to
+	//  not require the netmap structure at all when starting while
+	//  !WantRunning. That would remove the need for this (or contacting
+	//  the control server at all when stopped).
+	t.Logf("\n\nStart4 -> netmap")
+	notifies.expect(0)
+	cc.send(nil, "", true, &netmap.NetworkMap{
+		MachineStatus: tailcfg.MachineAuthorized,
+	})
+	{
+		notifies.drain(0)
+		c.Assert([]string{"pause", "pause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+	}
+
 	// Request connection.
 	// The state machine didn't call Login() earlier, so now it needs to.
 	t.Logf("\n\nWantRunning4 -> true")
@@ -773,6 +788,71 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
 	}
 
+	// Disconnect.
+	t.Logf("\n\nStop")
+	notifies.expect(2)
+	b.EditPrefs(&ipn.MaskedPrefs{
+		WantRunningSet: true,
+		Prefs:          ipn.Prefs{WantRunning: false},
+	})
+	{
+		nn := notifies.drain(2)
+		c.Assert([]string{"pause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		// BUG: I would expect Prefs to change first, and state after.
+		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(ipn.Stopped, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
+	}
+
+	// We want to try logging in as a different user, while Stopped.
+	// First, start the login process (without logging out first).
+	t.Logf("\n\nLoginDifferent")
+	notifies.expect(1)
+	b.StartLoginInteractive()
+	url3 := "http://localhost:1/3"
+	cc.send(nil, url3, false, nil)
+	{
+		nn := notifies.drain(1)
+		// It might seem like WantRunning should switch to true here,
+		// but that would be risky since we already have a valid
+		// user account. It might try to reconnect to the old account
+		// before the new one is ready. So no change yet.
+		//
+		// Because the login hasn't yet completed, the old login
+		// is still valid, so it's correct that we stay paused.
+		c.Assert([]string{"Login", "pause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert(nn[0].BrowseToURL, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(*nn[0].BrowseToURL, qt.Equals, url3)
+	}
+
+	// Now, let's complete the interactive login, using a different
+	// user account than before. WantRunning changes to true after an
+	// interactive login, so we end up unpaused.
+	t.Logf("\n\nLoginDifferent URL visited")
+	notifies.expect(3)
+	cc.persist.LoginName = "user3"
+	cc.send(nil, "", true, &netmap.NetworkMap{
+		MachineStatus: tailcfg.MachineAuthorized,
+	})
+	{
+		nn := notifies.drain(3)
+		// BUG: pause() being called here is a bad sign.
+		//  It means that either the state machine ran at least once
+		//  with the old netmap, or it ran with the new login+netmap
+		//  and !WantRunning. But since it's a fresh and successful
+		//  new login, WantRunning is true, so there was never a
+		//  reason to pause().
+		c.Assert([]string{"pause", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert(nn[0].LoginFinished, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(nn[2].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		// Prefs after finishing the login, so LoginName updated.
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.Persist.LoginName, qt.Equals, "user3")
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.LoggedOut, qt.IsFalse)
+		c.Assert(nn[1].Prefs.WantRunning, qt.IsTrue)
+		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[2].State)
+	}
+
 	// The last test case is the most common one: restarting when both
 	// logged in and WantRunning.
 	t.Logf("\n\nStart5")
@@ -781,7 +861,7 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 	{
 		// NOTE: cc.Shutdown() is correct here, since we didn't call
 		// b.Shutdown() ourselves.
-		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "New", "UpdateEndpoints", "Login"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		c.Assert([]string{"Shutdown", "unpause", "New", "UpdateEndpoints", "Login", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
 
 		nn := notifies.drain(1)
 		c.Assert(cc.getCalls(), qt.HasLen, 0)
@@ -793,20 +873,47 @@ func TestStateMachine(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Control server accepts our valid key from before.
 	t.Logf("\n\nLoginFinished5")
-	notifies.expect(2)
+	notifies.expect(1)
 	cc.setAuthBlocked(false)
 	cc.send(nil, "", true, &netmap.NetworkMap{
 		MachineStatus: tailcfg.MachineAuthorized,
 	})
 	{
-		nn := notifies.drain(2)
-		c.Assert([]string{"unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
-		c.Assert(nn[0].LoginFinished, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(nn[1].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
-		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[1].State)
+		nn := notifies.drain(1)
+		c.Assert([]string{"unpause", "unpause"}, qt.DeepEquals, cc.getCalls())
+		// NOTE: No LoginFinished message since no interactive
+		// login was needed.
+		c.Assert(nn[0].State, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, *nn[0].State)
 		// NOTE: No prefs change this time. WantRunning stays true.
 		// We were in Starting in the first place, so that doesn't
 		// change either.
 		c.Assert(ipn.Starting, qt.Equals, b.State())
 	}
 }
+
+type testStateStorage struct {
+	mem     ipn.MemoryStore
+	written syncs.AtomicBool
+}
+
+func (s *testStateStorage) ReadState(id ipn.StateKey) ([]byte, error) {
+	return s.mem.ReadState(id)
+}
+
+func (s *testStateStorage) WriteState(id ipn.StateKey, bs []byte) error {
+	s.written.Set(true)
+	return s.mem.WriteState(id, bs)
+}
+
+// awaitWrite clears the "I've seen writes" bit, in prep for a future
+// call to sawWrite to see if a write arrived.
+func (s *testStateStorage) awaitWrite() { s.written.Set(false) }
+
+// sawWrite reports whether there's been a WriteState call since the most
+// recent awaitWrite call.
+func (s *testStateStorage) sawWrite() bool {
+	v := s.written.Get()
+	s.awaitWrite()
+	return v
+}

ipn/ipnserver/server.go

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ package ipnserver
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -22,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
@@ -39,9 +40,11 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/safesocket"
 	"tailscale.com/smallzstd"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
+	"tailscale.com/util/groupmember"
 	"tailscale.com/util/pidowner"
 	"tailscale.com/util/systemd"
 	"tailscale.com/version"
+	"tailscale.com/version/distro"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine"
 )
 
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ func (s *server) getConnIdentity(c net.Conn) (ci connIdentity, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return ci, fmt.Errorf("parsing local remote: %w", err)
 	}
-	if !la.IP.IsLoopback() || !ra.IP.IsLoopback() {
+	if !la.IP().IsLoopback() || !ra.IP().IsLoopback() {
 		return ci, errors.New("non-loopback connection")
 	}
 	tab, err := netstat.Get()
@@ -251,8 +254,7 @@ func (s *server) serveConn(ctx context.Context, c net.Conn, logf logger.Logf) {
 			return
 		}
 		defer c.Close()
-		serverToClient := func(b []byte) { ipn.WriteMsg(c, b) }
-		bs := ipn.NewBackendServer(logf, nil, serverToClient)
+		bs := ipn.NewBackendServer(logf, nil, jsonNotifier(c, s.logf))
 		_, occupied := err.(inUseOtherUserError)
 		if occupied {
 			bs.SendInUseOtherUserErrorMessage(err.Error())
@@ -346,51 +348,32 @@ func isReadonlyConn(ci connIdentity, operatorUID string, logf logger.Logf) bool
 		logf("connection from userid %v; is configured operator", uid)
 		return rw
 	}
-	var adminGroupID string
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "darwin":
-		adminGroupID = darwinAdminGroupID()
-	default:
-		logf("connection from userid %v; read-only", uid)
+	if yes, err := isLocalAdmin(uid); err != nil {
+		logf("connection from userid %v; read-only; %v", uid, err)
 		return ro
-	}
-	if adminGroupID == "" {
-		logf("connection from userid %v; no system admin group found, read-only", uid)
-		return ro
-	}
-	u, err := user.LookupId(uid)
-	if err != nil {
-		logf("connection from userid %v; failed to look up user; read-only", uid)
-		return ro
-	}
-	gids, err := u.GroupIds()
-	if err != nil {
-		logf("connection from userid %v; failed to look up groups; read-only", uid)
-		return ro
-	}
-	for _, gid := range gids {
-		if gid == adminGroupID {
-			logf("connection from userid %v; is local admin, has access", uid)
-			return rw
-		}
+	} else if yes {
+		logf("connection from userid %v; is local admin, has access", uid)
+		return rw
 	}
 	logf("connection from userid %v; read-only", uid)
 	return ro
 }
 
-var darwinAdminGroupIDCache atomic.Value // of string
-
-func darwinAdminGroupID() string {
-	s, _ := darwinAdminGroupIDCache.Load().(string)
-	if s != "" {
-		return s
-	}
-	g, err := user.LookupGroup("admin")
+func isLocalAdmin(uid string) (bool, error) {
+	u, err := user.LookupId(uid)
 	if err != nil {
-		return ""
+		return false, err
 	}
-	darwinAdminGroupIDCache.Store(g.Gid)
-	return g.Gid
+	var adminGroup string
+	switch {
+	case runtime.GOOS == "darwin":
+		adminGroup = "admin"
+	case distro.Get() == distro.QNAP:
+		adminGroup = "administrators"
+	default:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("no system admin group found")
+	}
+	return groupmember.IsMemberOfGroup(adminGroup, u.Username)
 }
 
 // inUseOtherUserError is the error type for when the server is in use
@@ -414,12 +397,10 @@ func (s *server) checkConnIdentityLocked(ci connIdentity) error {
 			break
 		}
 		if ci.UserID != active.UserID {
-			//lint:ignore ST1005 we want to capitalize Tailscale here
 			return inUseOtherUserError{fmt.Errorf("Tailscale already in use by %s, pid %d", active.User.Username, active.Pid)}
 		}
 	}
 	if su := s.serverModeUser; su != nil && ci.UserID != su.Uid {
-		//lint:ignore ST1005 we want to capitalize Tailscale here
 		return inUseOtherUserError{fmt.Errorf("Tailscale already in use by %s", su.Username)}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -567,7 +548,9 @@ func (s *server) setServerModeUserLocked() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *server) writeToClients(b []byte) {
+var jsonEscapedZero = []byte(`\u0000`)
+
+func (s *server) writeToClients(n ipn.Notify) {
 	inServerMode := s.b.InServerMode()
 
 	s.mu.Lock()
@@ -584,8 +567,17 @@ func (s *server) writeToClients(b []byte) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for c := range s.clients {
-		ipn.WriteMsg(c, b)
+	if len(s.clients) == 0 {
+		// Common case (at least on busy servers): nobody
+		// connected (no GUI, etc), so return before
+		// serializing JSON.
+		return
+	}
+
+	if b, ok := marshalNotify(n, s.logf); ok {
+		for c := range s.clients {
+			ipn.WriteMsg(c, b)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -671,8 +663,7 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, logf logger.Logf, logid string, getEngine func() (
 			errMsg := err.Error()
 			go func() {
 				defer c.Close()
-				serverToClient := func(b []byte) { ipn.WriteMsg(c, b) }
-				bs := ipn.NewBackendServer(logf, nil, serverToClient)
+				bs := ipn.NewBackendServer(logf, nil, jsonNotifier(c, logf))
 				bs.SendErrorMessage(errMsg)
 				time.Sleep(time.Second)
 			}()
@@ -962,3 +953,25 @@ func peerPid(entries []netstat.Entry, la, ra netaddr.IPPort) int {
 	}
 	return 0
 }
+
+// jsonNotifier returns a notify-writer func that writes ipn.Notify
+// messages to w.
+func jsonNotifier(w io.Writer, logf logger.Logf) func(ipn.Notify) {
+	return func(n ipn.Notify) {
+		if b, ok := marshalNotify(n, logf); ok {
+			ipn.WriteMsg(w, b)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func marshalNotify(n ipn.Notify, logf logger.Logf) (b []byte, ok bool) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(n)
+	if err != nil {
+		logf("ipnserver: [unexpected] error serializing JSON: %v", err)
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(b, jsonEscapedZero) {
+		logf("[unexpected] zero byte in BackendServer.send notify message: %q", b)
+	}
+	return b, true
+}

ipn/ipnstate/ipnstate.go

@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ type Status struct {
 	// has MagicDNS enabled.
 	MagicDNSSuffix string
 
+	// CertDomains are the set of DNS names for which the control
+	// plane server will assist with provisioning TLS
+	// certificates. See SetDNSRequest for dns-01 ACME challenges
+	// for e.g. LetsEncrypt. These names are FQDNs without
+	// trailing periods, and without any "_acme-challenge." prefix.
+	CertDomains []string
+
 	Peer map[key.Public]*PeerStatus
 	User map[tailcfg.UserID]tailcfg.UserProfile
 }
@@ -65,6 +72,7 @@ type PeerStatusLite struct {
 }
 
 type PeerStatus struct {
+	ID        tailcfg.StableNodeID
 	PublicKey key.Public
 	HostName  string // HostInfo's Hostname (not a DNS name or necessarily unique)
 	DNSName   string
@@ -88,6 +96,13 @@ type PeerStatus struct {
 	KeepAlive     bool
 	ExitNode      bool // true if this is the currently selected exit node.
 
+	// Active is whether the node was recently active. The
+	// definition is somewhat undefined but has historically and
+	// currently means that there was some packet sent to this
+	// peer in the past two minutes. That definition is subject to
+	// change.
+	Active bool
+
 	PeerAPIURL   []string
 	Capabilities []string `json:",omitempty"`
 
@@ -203,6 +218,9 @@ func (sb *StatusBuilder) AddPeer(peer key.Public, st *PeerStatus) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if v := st.ID; v != "" {
+		e.ID = v
+	}
 	if v := st.HostName; v != "" {
 		e.HostName = v
 	}
@@ -266,6 +284,9 @@ func (sb *StatusBuilder) AddPeer(peer key.Public, st *PeerStatus) {
 	if st.ShareeNode {
 		e.ShareeNode = true
 	}
+	if st.Active {
+		e.Active = true
+	}
 }
 
 type StatusUpdater interface {
@@ -366,9 +387,7 @@ table tbody tr:nth-child(even) td { background-color: #f5f5f5; }
 		)
 		f("<td>")
 
-		// TODO: let server report this active bool instead
-		active := !ps.LastWrite.IsZero() && time.Since(ps.LastWrite) < 2*time.Minute
-		if active {
+		if ps.Active {
 			if ps.Relay != "" && ps.CurAddr == "" {
 				f("relay <b>%s</b>", html.EscapeString(ps.Relay))
 			} else if ps.CurAddr != "" {

ipn/localapi/localapi.go

@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.serveBugReport(w, r)
 	case "/localapi/v0/file-targets":
 		h.serveFileTargets(w, r)
+	case "/localapi/v0/set-dns":
+		h.serveSetDNS(w, r)
+	case "/localapi/v0/derpmap":
+		h.serveDERPMap(w, r)
 	case "/":
 		io.WriteString(w, "tailscaled\n")
 	default:
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ func (h *Handler) serveFiles(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		http.Error(w, "file access denied", http.StatusForbidden)
 		return
 	}
-	suffix := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/localapi/v0/files/")
+	suffix := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.EscapedPath(), "/localapi/v0/files/")
 	if suffix == "" {
 		if r.Method != "GET" {
 			http.Error(w, "want GET to list files", 400)
@@ -382,6 +386,36 @@ func (h *Handler) serveFilePut(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	rp.ServeHTTP(w, outReq)
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) serveSetDNS(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !h.PermitWrite {
+		http.Error(w, "access denied", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+	if r.Method != "POST" {
+		http.Error(w, "want POST", 400)
+		return
+	}
+	ctx := r.Context()
+	err := h.b.SetDNS(ctx, r.FormValue("name"), r.FormValue("value"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeErrorJSON(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(struct{}{})
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) serveDERPMap(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != "GET" {
+		http.Error(w, "want GET", 400)
+		return
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	e := json.NewEncoder(w)
+	e.SetIndent("", "\t")
+	e.Encode(h.b.DERPMap())
+}
+
 var dialPeerTransportOnce struct {
 	sync.Once
 	v *http.Transport
@@ -390,7 +424,7 @@ var dialPeerTransportOnce struct {
 func getDialPeerTransport(b *ipnlocal.LocalBackend) *http.Transport {
 	dialPeerTransportOnce.Do(func() {
 		t := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
-		t.Dial = nil //lint:ignore SA1019 yes I know I'm setting it to nil defensively
+		t.Dial = nil
 		dialer := net.Dialer{
 			Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
 			KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,

ipn/message.go

@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ type Command struct {
 
 type BackendServer struct {
 	logf          logger.Logf
-	b             Backend              // the Backend we are serving up
-	sendNotifyMsg func(jsonMsg []byte) // send a notification message
-	GotQuit       bool                 // a Quit command was received
+	b             Backend      // the Backend we are serving up
+	sendNotifyMsg func(Notify) // send a notification message
+	GotQuit       bool         // a Quit command was received
 }
 
 // NewBackendServer creates a new BackendServer using b.
@@ -98,13 +98,15 @@ type BackendServer struct {
 // If sendNotifyMsg is non-nil, it additionally sets the Backend's
 // notification callback to call the func with ipn.Notify messages in
 // JSON form. If nil, it does not change the notification callback.
-func NewBackendServer(logf logger.Logf, b Backend, sendNotifyMsg func(b []byte)) *BackendServer {
+func NewBackendServer(logf logger.Logf, b Backend, sendNotifyMsg func(Notify)) *BackendServer {
 	bs := &BackendServer{
 		logf:          logf,
 		b:             b,
 		sendNotifyMsg: sendNotifyMsg,
 	}
-	if sendNotifyMsg != nil {
+	// b may be nil if the BackendServer is being created just to
+	// encapsulate and send an error message.
+	if sendNotifyMsg != nil && b != nil {
 		b.SetNotifyCallback(bs.send)
 	}
 	return bs
@@ -115,14 +117,7 @@ func (bs *BackendServer) send(n Notify) {
 		return
 	}
 	n.Version = version.Long
-	b, err := json.Marshal(n)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed json.Marshal(notify): %v\n%#v", err, n)
-	}
-	if bytes.Contains(b, jsonEscapedZero) {
-		log.Printf("[unexpected] zero byte in BackendServer.send notify message: %q", b)
-	}
-	bs.sendNotifyMsg(b)
+	bs.sendNotifyMsg(n)
 }
 
 func (bs *BackendServer) SendErrorMessage(msg string) {

ipn/message_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package ipn
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -74,7 +75,11 @@ func TestClientServer(t *testing.T) {
 			bc.GotNotifyMsg(b)
 		}
 	}()
-	serverToClient := func(b []byte) {
+	serverToClient := func(n Notify) {
+		b, err := json.Marshal(n)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err.Error())
+		}
 		serverToClientCh <- append([]byte{}, b...)
 	}
 	clientToServer := func(b []byte) {
@@ -182,3 +187,17 @@ func TestClientServer(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	flushUntil(Running)
 }
+
+func TestNilBackend(t *testing.T) {
+	var called *Notify
+	bs := NewBackendServer(t.Logf, nil, func(n Notify) {
+		called = &n
+	})
+	bs.SendErrorMessage("Danger, Will Robinson!")
+	if called == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expect callback to be called, wasn't")
+	}
+	if called.ErrMessage == nil || *called.ErrMessage != "Danger, Will Robinson!" {
+		t.Errorf("callback got wrong error: %v", called.ErrMessage)
+	}
+}

ipn/prefs.go

@@ -25,10 +25,16 @@ import (
 
 //go:generate go run tailscale.com/cmd/cloner -type=Prefs -output=prefs_clone.go
 
-// DefaultControlURL returns the URL base of the control plane
+// DefaultControlURL is the URL base of the control plane
 // ("coordination server") for use when no explicit one is configured.
 // The default control plane is the hosted version run by Tailscale.com.
-const DefaultControlURL = "https://login.tailscale.com"
+const DefaultControlURL = "https://controlplane.tailscale.com"
+
+// IsLoginServerSynonym reports whether a URL is a drop-in replacement
+// for the primary Tailscale login server.
+func IsLoginServerSynonym(val interface{}) bool {
+	return val == "https://login.tailscale.com" || val == "https://controlplane.tailscale.com"
+}
 
 // Prefs are the user modifiable settings of the Tailscale node agent.
 type Prefs struct {
@@ -405,6 +411,16 @@ func (p *Prefs) ControlURLOrDefault() string {
 	return DefaultControlURL
 }
 
+// AdminPageURL returns the admin web site URL for the current ControlURL.
+func (p *Prefs) AdminPageURL() string {
+	url := p.ControlURLOrDefault()
+	if IsLoginServerSynonym(url) {
+		// TODO(crawshaw): In future release, make this https://console.tailscale.com
+		url = "https://login.tailscale.com"
+	}
+	return url + "/admin/machines"
+}
+
 // PrefsFromBytes deserializes Prefs from a JSON blob. If
 // enforceDefaults is true, Prefs.RouteAll and Prefs.AllowSingleHosts
 // are forced on.

ipn/prefs_test.go

@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ func TestPrefsEqual(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 
 		{
-			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://login.tailscale.com"},
+			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://controlplane.tailscale.com"},
 			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://login.private.co"},
 			false,
 		},
 		{
-			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://login.tailscale.com"},
-			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://login.tailscale.com"},
+			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://controlplane.tailscale.com"},
+			&Prefs{ControlURL: "https://controlplane.tailscale.com"},
 			true,
 		},
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ func TestBasicPrefs(t *testing.T) {
 	tstest.PanicOnLog()
 
 	p := Prefs{
-		ControlURL: "https://login.tailscale.com",
+		ControlURL: "https://controlplane.tailscale.com",
 	}
 	checkPrefs(t, p)
 }
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ func TestPrefsPersist(t *testing.T) {
 		LoginName: "test@example.com",
 	}
 	p := Prefs{
-		ControlURL: "https://login.tailscale.com",
+		ControlURL: "https://controlplane.tailscale.com",
 		CorpDNS:    true,
 		Persist:    &c,
 	}

ipn/store.go

@@ -67,9 +67,6 @@ func (s *MemoryStore) String() string { return "MemoryStore" }
 func (s *MemoryStore) ReadState(id StateKey) ([]byte, error) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	if s.cache == nil {
-		s.cache = map[StateKey][]byte{}
-	}
 	bs, ok := s.cache[id]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, ErrStateNotExist

logpolicy/logpolicy.go

@@ -128,6 +128,13 @@ func (l logWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
 // logsDir returns the directory to use for log configuration and
 // buffer storage.
 func logsDir(logf logger.Logf) string {
+	if d := os.Getenv("TS_LOGS_DIR"); d != "" {
+		fi, err := os.Stat(d)
+		if err == nil && fi.IsDir() {
+			return d
+		}
+	}
+
 	// STATE_DIRECTORY is set by systemd 240+ but we support older
 	// systems-d. For example, Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) is 237.
 	systemdStateDir := os.Getenv("STATE_DIRECTORY")
@@ -180,6 +187,10 @@ func runningUnderSystemd() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func redirectStderrToLogPanics() bool {
+	return runningUnderSystemd() || os.Getenv("TS_PLEASE_PANIC") != ""
+}
+
 // tryFixLogStateLocation is a temporary fixup for
 // https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/247 . We accidentally
 // wrote logging state files to /, and then later to $CACHE_DIRECTORY
@@ -428,9 +439,14 @@ func New(collection string) *Policy {
 		c.HTTPC = &http.Client{Transport: newLogtailTransport(u.Host)}
 	}
 
-	filchBuf, filchErr := filch.New(filepath.Join(dir, cmdName), filch.Options{})
+	filchBuf, filchErr := filch.New(filepath.Join(dir, cmdName), filch.Options{
+		ReplaceStderr: redirectStderrToLogPanics(),
+	})
 	if filchBuf != nil {
 		c.Buffer = filchBuf
+		if filchBuf.OrigStderr != nil {
+			c.Stderr = filchBuf.OrigStderr
+		}
 	}
 	lw := logtail.NewLogger(c, log.Printf)
 	log.SetFlags(0) // other logflags are set on console, not here

logtail/filch/filch.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 )
 
-//lint:ignore U1000 work around false positive: https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/issues/983
 var stderrFD = 2 // a variable for testing
 
 type Options struct {

logtail/filch/filch_unix.go

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-//+build !windows
+//go:build !windows
+// +build !windows
 
 package filch
 

logtail/logtail.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"tailscale.com/logtail/backoff"
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ func NewLogger(cfg Config, logf tslogger.Logf) *Logger {
 	}
 	l := &Logger{
 		stderr:         cfg.Stderr,
-		stderrLevel:    cfg.StderrLevel,
+		stderrLevel:    int64(cfg.StderrLevel),
 		httpc:          cfg.HTTPC,
 		url:            cfg.BaseURL + "/c/" + cfg.Collection + "/" + cfg.PrivateID.String(),
 		lowMem:         cfg.LowMemory,
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ func NewLogger(cfg Config, logf tslogger.Logf) *Logger {
 // logging facilities and uploading to a log server.
 type Logger struct {
 	stderr         io.Writer
-	stderrLevel    int
+	stderrLevel    int64 // accessed atomically
 	httpc          *http.Client
 	url            string
 	lowMem         bool
@@ -117,18 +118,17 @@ type Logger struct {
 	bo             *backoff.Backoff
 	zstdEncoder    Encoder
 	uploadCancel   func()
+	explainedRaw   bool
 
 	shutdownStart chan struct{} // closed when shutdown begins
-	shutdownDone  chan struct{} // closd when shutdown complete
+	shutdownDone  chan struct{} // closed when shutdown complete
 }
 
 // SetVerbosityLevel controls the verbosity level that should be
 // written to stderr. 0 is the default (not verbose). Levels 1 or higher
 // are increasingly verbose.
-//
-// It should not be changed concurrently with log writes.
 func (l *Logger) SetVerbosityLevel(level int) {
-	l.stderrLevel = level
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&l.stderrLevel, int64(level))
 }
 
 // SetLinkMonitor sets the optional the link monitor.
@@ -231,6 +231,14 @@ func (l *Logger) drainPending() (res []byte) {
 			// outside of the logtail logger. Encode it.
 			// Do not add a client time, as it could have been
 			// been written a long time ago.
+			if !l.explainedRaw {
+				fmt.Fprintf(l.stderr, "RAW-STDERR: ***\n")
+				fmt.Fprintf(l.stderr, "RAW-STDERR: *** Lines prefixed with RAW-STDERR below bypassed logtail and probably come from a previous run of the program\n")
+				fmt.Fprintf(l.stderr, "RAW-STDERR: ***\n")
+				fmt.Fprintf(l.stderr, "RAW-STDERR:\n")
+				l.explainedRaw = true
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(l.stderr, "RAW-STDERR: %s", b)
 			b = l.encodeText(b, true)
 		}
 
@@ -514,7 +522,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 	level, buf := parseAndRemoveLogLevel(buf)
-	if l.stderr != nil && l.stderr != ioutil.Discard && level <= l.stderrLevel {
+	if l.stderr != nil && l.stderr != ioutil.Discard && int64(level) <= atomic.LoadInt64(&l.stderrLevel) {
 		if buf[len(buf)-1] == '\n' {
 			l.stderr.Write(buf)
 		} else {

net/dns/config.go

@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
+	"tailscale.com/net/dns/resolver"
 	"tailscale.com/util/dnsname"
 )
 
@@ -22,27 +25,40 @@ type Config struct {
 	// for queries that fall within that suffix.
 	// If a query doesn't match any entry in Routes, the
 	// DefaultResolvers are used.
+	// A Routes entry with no resolvers means the route should be
+	// authoritatively answered using the contents of Hosts.
 	Routes map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IPPort
 	// SearchDomains are DNS suffixes to try when expanding
 	// single-label queries.
 	SearchDomains []dnsname.FQDN
 	// Hosts maps DNS FQDNs to their IPs, which can be a mix of IPv4
 	// and IPv6.
-	// Queries matching entries in Hosts are resolved locally without
-	// recursing off-machine.
+	// Queries matching entries in Hosts are resolved locally by
+	// 100.100.100.100 without leaving the machine.
+	// Adding an entry to Hosts merely creates the record. If you want
+	// it to resolve, you also need to add appropriate routes to
+	// Routes.
 	Hosts map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IP
-	// AuthoritativeSuffixes is a list of fully-qualified DNS suffixes
-	// for which the in-process Tailscale resolver is authoritative.
-	// Queries for names within AuthoritativeSuffixes can only be
-	// fulfilled by entries in Hosts. Queries with no match in Hosts
-	// return NXDOMAIN.
-	AuthoritativeSuffixes []dnsname.FQDN
+}
+
+// WriteToBufioWriter write a debug version of c for logs to w, omitting
+// spammy stuff like *.arpa entries and replacing it with a total count.
+func (c *Config) WriteToBufioWriter(w *bufio.Writer) {
+	w.WriteString("{DefaultResolvers:")
+	resolver.WriteIPPorts(w, c.DefaultResolvers)
+
+	w.WriteString(" Routes:")
+	resolver.WriteRoutes(w, c.Routes)
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, " SearchDomains:%v", c.SearchDomains)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, " Hosts:%v", len(c.Hosts))
+	w.WriteString("}")
 }
 
 // needsAnyResolvers reports whether c requires a resolver to be set
 // at the OS level.
 func (c Config) needsOSResolver() bool {
-	return c.hasDefaultResolvers() || c.hasRoutes() || c.hasHosts()
+	return c.hasDefaultResolvers() || c.hasRoutes()
 }
 
 func (c Config) hasRoutes() bool {
@@ -52,7 +68,7 @@ func (c Config) hasRoutes() bool {
 // hasDefaultResolversOnly reports whether the only resolvers in c are
 // DefaultResolvers.
 func (c Config) hasDefaultResolversOnly() bool {
-	return c.hasDefaultResolvers() && !c.hasRoutes() && !c.hasHosts()
+	return c.hasDefaultResolvers() && !c.hasRoutes()
 }
 
 func (c Config) hasDefaultResolvers() bool {
@@ -63,44 +79,28 @@ func (c Config) hasDefaultResolvers() bool {
 // routes use the same resolvers, or nil if multiple sets of resolvers
 // are specified.
 func (c Config) singleResolverSet() []netaddr.IPPort {
-	var first []netaddr.IPPort
+	var (
+		prev            []netaddr.IPPort
+		prevInitialized bool
+	)
 	for _, resolvers := range c.Routes {
-		if first == nil {
-			first = resolvers
+		if !prevInitialized {
+			prev = resolvers
+			prevInitialized = true
 			continue
 		}
-		if !sameIPPorts(first, resolvers) {
+		if !sameIPPorts(prev, resolvers) {
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
-	return first
+	return prev
 }
 
-// hasHosts reports whether c requires resolution of MagicDNS hosts or
-// domains.
-func (c Config) hasHosts() bool {
-	return len(c.Hosts) > 0 || len(c.AuthoritativeSuffixes) > 0
-}
-
-// matchDomains returns the list of match suffixes needed by Routes,
-// AuthoritativeSuffixes. Hosts is not considered as we assume that
-// they're covered by AuthoritativeSuffixes for now.
+// matchDomains returns the list of match suffixes needed by Routes.
 func (c Config) matchDomains() []dnsname.FQDN {
-	ret := make([]dnsname.FQDN, 0, len(c.Routes)+len(c.AuthoritativeSuffixes))
-	seen := map[dnsname.FQDN]bool{}
-	for _, suffix := range c.AuthoritativeSuffixes {
-		if seen[suffix] {
-			continue
-		}
-		ret = append(ret, suffix)
-		seen[suffix] = true
-	}
+	ret := make([]dnsname.FQDN, 0, len(c.Routes))
 	for suffix := range c.Routes {
-		if seen[suffix] {
-			continue
-		}
 		ret = append(ret, suffix)
-		seen[suffix] = true
 	}
 	sort.Slice(ret, func(i, j int) bool {
 		return ret[i].WithTrailingDot() < ret[j].WithTrailingDot()

net/dns/debian_resolvconf.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build linux || freebsd || openbsd
 // +build linux freebsd openbsd
 
 package dns

net/dns/direct.go

@@ -2,23 +2,22 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-// +build linux freebsd openbsd
-
 package dns
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
-	"tailscale.com/atomicfile"
 	"tailscale.com/util/dnsname"
 )
 
@@ -77,21 +76,17 @@ func readResolv(r io.Reader) (config OSConfig, err error) {
 	return config, nil
 }
 
-func readResolvFile(path string) (OSConfig, error) {
-	var config OSConfig
-
-	f, err := os.Open(path)
+func (m directManager) readResolvFile(path string) (OSConfig, error) {
+	b, err := m.fs.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
-		return config, err
+		return OSConfig{}, err
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	return readResolv(f)
+	return readResolv(bytes.NewReader(b))
 }
 
 // readResolvConf reads DNS configuration from /etc/resolv.conf.
-func readResolvConf() (OSConfig, error) {
-	return readResolvFile(resolvConf)
+func (m directManager) readResolvConf() (OSConfig, error) {
+	return m.readResolvFile(resolvConf)
 }
 
 // resolvOwner returns the apparent owner of the resolv.conf
@@ -143,33 +138,39 @@ func isResolvedRunning() bool {
 	return err == nil
 }
 
-// directManager is a managerImpl which replaces /etc/resolv.conf with a file
+// directManager is an OSConfigurator which replaces /etc/resolv.conf with a file
 // generated from the given configuration, creating a backup of its old state.
 //
 // This way of configuring DNS is precarious, since it does not react
 // to the disappearance of the Tailscale interface.
 // The caller must call Down before program shutdown
 // or as cleanup if the program terminates unexpectedly.
-type directManager struct{}
+type directManager struct {
+	fs wholeFileFS
+}
 
-func newDirectManager() (directManager, error) {
-	return directManager{}, nil
+func newDirectManager() directManager {
+	return directManager{fs: directFS{}}
+}
+
+func newDirectManagerOnFS(fs wholeFileFS) directManager {
+	return directManager{fs: fs}
 }
 
 // ownedByTailscale reports whether /etc/resolv.conf seems to be a
 // tailscale-managed file.
 func (m directManager) ownedByTailscale() (bool, error) {
-	st, err := os.Stat(resolvConf)
+	isRegular, err := m.fs.Stat(resolvConf)
 	if err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return false, nil
 		}
 		return false, err
 	}
-	if !st.Mode().IsRegular() {
+	if !isRegular {
 		return false, nil
 	}
-	bs, err := ioutil.ReadFile(resolvConf)
+	bs, err := m.fs.ReadFile(resolvConf)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -182,11 +183,11 @@ func (m directManager) ownedByTailscale() (bool, error) {
 // backupConfig creates or updates a backup of /etc/resolv.conf, if
 // resolv.conf does not currently contain a Tailscale-managed config.
 func (m directManager) backupConfig() error {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(resolvConf); err != nil {
+	if _, err := m.fs.Stat(resolvConf); err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			// No resolv.conf, nothing to back up. Also get rid of any
 			// existing backup file, to avoid restoring something old.
-			os.Remove(backupConf)
+			m.fs.Remove(backupConf)
 			return nil
 		}
 		return err
@@ -200,11 +201,11 @@ func (m directManager) backupConfig() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return os.Rename(resolvConf, backupConf)
+	return m.fs.Rename(resolvConf, backupConf)
 }
 
 func (m directManager) restoreBackup() error {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(backupConf); err != nil {
+	if _, err := m.fs.Stat(backupConf); err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			// No backup, nothing we can do.
 			return nil
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ func (m directManager) restoreBackup() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := os.Stat(resolvConf); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	if _, err := m.fs.Stat(resolvConf); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return err
 	}
 	resolvConfExists := !os.IsNotExist(err)
@@ -223,12 +224,12 @@ func (m directManager) restoreBackup() error {
 	if resolvConfExists && !owned {
 		// There's already a non-tailscale config in place, get rid of
 		// our backup.
-		os.Remove(backupConf)
+		m.fs.Remove(backupConf)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// We own resolv.conf, and a backup exists.
-	if err := os.Rename(backupConf, resolvConf); err != nil {
+	if err := m.fs.Rename(backupConf, resolvConf); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ func (m directManager) SetDNS(config OSConfig) error {
 
 		buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 		writeResolvConf(buf, config.Nameservers, config.SearchDomains)
-		if err := atomicfile.WriteFile(resolvConf, buf.Bytes(), 0644); err != nil {
+		if err := atomicWriteFile(m.fs, resolvConf, buf.Bytes(), 0644); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ func (m directManager) GetBaseConfig() (OSConfig, error) {
 		fileToRead = backupConf
 	}
 
-	return readResolvFile(fileToRead)
+	return m.readResolvFile(fileToRead)
 }
 
 func (m directManager) Close() error {
@@ -287,9 +288,9 @@ func (m directManager) Close() error {
 	// to it, but then we stopped because /etc/resolv.conf being a
 	// symlink to surprising places breaks snaps and other sandboxing
 	// things. Clean it up if it's still there.
-	os.Remove("/etc/resolv.tailscale.conf")
+	m.fs.Remove("/etc/resolv.tailscale.conf")
 
-	if _, err := os.Stat(backupConf); err != nil {
+	if _, err := m.fs.Stat(backupConf); err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			// No backup, nothing we can do.
 			return nil
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ func (m directManager) Close() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	_, err = os.Stat(resolvConf)
+	_, err = m.fs.Stat(resolvConf)
 	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -309,12 +310,12 @@ func (m directManager) Close() error {
 	if resolvConfExists && !owned {
 		// There's already a non-tailscale config in place, get rid of
 		// our backup.
-		os.Remove(backupConf)
+		m.fs.Remove(backupConf)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// We own resolv.conf, and a backup exists.
-	if err := os.Rename(backupConf, resolvConf); err != nil {
+	if err := m.fs.Rename(backupConf, resolvConf); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -324,3 +325,63 @@ func (m directManager) Close() error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func atomicWriteFile(fs wholeFileFS, filename string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	var randBytes [12]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(randBytes[:]); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("atomicWriteFile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tmpName := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%x.tmp", filename, randBytes[:])
+	defer fs.Remove(tmpName)
+
+	if err := fs.WriteFile(tmpName, data, perm); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("atomicWriteFile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return fs.Rename(tmpName, filename)
+}
+
+// wholeFileFS is a high-level file system abstraction designed just for use
+// by directManager, with the goal that it is easy to implement over wsl.exe.
+//
+// All name parameters are absolute paths.
+type wholeFileFS interface {
+	Stat(name string) (isRegular bool, err error)
+	Rename(oldName, newName string) error
+	Remove(name string) error
+	ReadFile(name string) ([]byte, error)
+	WriteFile(name string, contents []byte, perm os.FileMode) error
+}
+
+// directFS is a wholeFileFS implemented directly on the OS.
+type directFS struct {
+	// prefix is file path prefix.
+	//
+	// All name parameters are absolute paths so this is typically a
+	// testing temporary directory like "/tmp".
+	prefix string
+}
+
+func (fs directFS) path(name string) string { return filepath.Join(fs.prefix, name) }
+
+func (fs directFS) Stat(name string) (isRegular bool, err error) {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(fs.path(name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return fi.Mode().IsRegular(), nil
+}
+
+func (fs directFS) Rename(oldName, newName string) error {
+	return os.Rename(fs.path(oldName), fs.path(newName))
+}
+
+func (fs directFS) Remove(name string) error { return os.Remove(fs.path(name)) }
+
+func (fs directFS) ReadFile(name string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return ioutil.ReadFile(fs.path(name))
+}
+
+func (fs directFS) WriteFile(name string, contents []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(fs.path(name), contents, perm)
+}

net/dns/direct_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
+	"tailscale.com/util/dnsname"
+)
+
+func TestSetDNS(t *testing.T) {
+	const orig = "nameserver 9.9.9.9 # orig"
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	resolvPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "etc", "resolv.conf")
+	backupPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "etc", "resolv.pre-tailscale-backup.conf")
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(resolvPath), 0777); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(resolvPath, []byte(orig), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	readFile := func(t *testing.T, path string) string {
+		t.Helper()
+		b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return string(b)
+	}
+	assertBaseState := func(t *testing.T) {
+		if got := readFile(t, resolvPath); got != orig {
+			t.Fatalf("resolv.conf:\n%s, want:\n%s", got, orig)
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(backupPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("resolv.conf backup: want it to be gone but: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	m := directManager{fs: directFS{prefix: tmp}}
+	if err := m.SetDNS(OSConfig{
+		Nameservers:   []netaddr.IP{netaddr.MustParseIP("8.8.8.8"), netaddr.MustParseIP("8.8.4.4")},
+		SearchDomains: []dnsname.FQDN{"ts.net.", "ts-dns.test."},
+		MatchDomains:  []dnsname.FQDN{"ignored."},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want := `# resolv.conf(5) file generated by tailscale
+# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
+
+nameserver 8.8.8.8
+nameserver 8.8.4.4
+search ts.net ts-dns.test
+`
+	if got := readFile(t, resolvPath); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("resolv.conf:\n%s, want:\n%s", got, want)
+	}
+	if got := readFile(t, backupPath); got != orig {
+		t.Fatalf("resolv.conf backup:\n%s, want:\n%s", got, orig)
+	}
+
+	// Test that a nil OSConfig cleans up resolv.conf.
+	if err := m.SetDNS(OSConfig{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assertBaseState(t)
+
+	// Test that Close cleans up resolv.conf.
+	if err := m.SetDNS(OSConfig{Nameservers: []netaddr.IP{netaddr.MustParseIP("8.8.8.8")}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := m.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assertBaseState(t)
+}

net/dns/ini.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build windows
+// +build windows
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// parseIni parses a basic .ini file, used for wsl.conf.
+func parseIni(data string) map[string]map[string]string {
+	sectionRE := regexp.MustCompile(`^\[([^]]+)\]`)
+	kvRE := regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*(\w+)\s*=\s*([^#]*)`)
+
+	ini := map[string]map[string]string{}
+	var section string
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(data, "\n") {
+		if res := sectionRE.FindStringSubmatch(line); len(res) > 1 {
+			section = res[1]
+			ini[section] = map[string]string{}
+		} else if res := kvRE.FindStringSubmatch(line); len(res) > 2 {
+			k, v := strings.TrimSpace(res[1]), strings.TrimSpace(res[2])
+			ini[section][k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return ini
+}

net/dns/ini_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build windows
+// +build windows
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseIni(t *testing.T) {
+	var tests = []struct {
+		src  string
+		want map[string]map[string]string
+	}{
+		{
+			src: `# appended wsl.conf file
+[automount]
+	enabled = true
+	root=/mnt/
+# added by tailscale
+[network] # trailing comment
+generateResolvConf = false  # trailing comment`,
+			want: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"automount": map[string]string{"enabled": "true", "root": "/mnt/"},
+				"network":   map[string]string{"generateResolvConf": "false"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		got := parseIni(test.src)
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, test.want) {
+			t.Errorf("for:\n%s\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", test.src, got, test.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

net/dns/manager.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"inet.af/netaddr"
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ import (
 // the lint exception is necessary and on others it is not,
 // and plain ignore complains if the exception is unnecessary.
 
-//lint:file-ignore U1000 reconfigTimeout is used on some platforms but not others
-
 // reconfigTimeout is the time interval within which Manager.{Up,Down} should complete.
 //
 // This is particularly useful because certain conditions can cause indefinite hangs
@@ -41,11 +39,11 @@ type Manager struct {
 }
 
 // NewManagers created a new manager from the given config.
-func NewManager(logf logger.Logf, oscfg OSConfigurator, linkMon *monitor.Mon) *Manager {
+func NewManager(logf logger.Logf, oscfg OSConfigurator, linkMon *monitor.Mon, linkSel resolver.ForwardLinkSelector) *Manager {
 	logf = logger.WithPrefix(logf, "dns: ")
 	m := &Manager{
 		logf:     logf,
-		resolver: resolver.New(logf, linkMon),
+		resolver: resolver.New(logf, linkMon, linkSel),
 		os:       oscfg,
 	}
 	m.logf("using %T", m.os)
@@ -53,14 +51,18 @@ func NewManager(logf logger.Logf, oscfg OSConfigurator, linkMon *monitor.Mon) *M
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) Set(cfg Config) error {
-	m.logf("Set: %+v", cfg)
+	m.logf("Set: %v", logger.ArgWriter(func(w *bufio.Writer) {
+		cfg.WriteToBufioWriter(w)
+	}))
 
 	rcfg, ocfg, err := m.compileConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m.logf("Resolvercfg: %+v", rcfg)
+	m.logf("Resolvercfg: %v", logger.ArgWriter(func(w *bufio.Writer) {
+		rcfg.WriteToBufioWriter(w)
+	}))
 	m.logf("OScfg: %+v", ocfg)
 
 	if err := m.resolver.SetConfig(rcfg); err != nil {
@@ -75,40 +77,40 @@ func (m *Manager) Set(cfg Config) error {
 
 // compileConfig converts cfg into a quad-100 resolver configuration
 // and an OS-level configuration.
-func (m *Manager) compileConfig(cfg Config) (resolver.Config, OSConfig, error) {
+func (m *Manager) compileConfig(cfg Config) (rcfg resolver.Config, ocfg OSConfig, err error) {
+	// The internal resolver always gets MagicDNS hosts and
+	// authoritative suffixes, even if we don't propagate MagicDNS to
+	// the OS.
+	rcfg.Hosts = cfg.Hosts
+	routes := map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IPPort{} // assigned conditionally to rcfg.Routes below.
+	for suffix, resolvers := range cfg.Routes {
+		if len(resolvers) == 0 {
+			rcfg.LocalDomains = append(rcfg.LocalDomains, suffix)
+		} else {
+			routes[suffix] = resolvers
+		}
+	}
+	// Similarly, the OS always gets search paths.
+	ocfg.SearchDomains = cfg.SearchDomains
+
 	// Deal with trivial configs first.
 	switch {
 	case !cfg.needsOSResolver():
 		// Set search domains, but nothing else. This also covers the
 		// case where cfg is entirely zero, in which case these
 		// configs clear all Tailscale DNS settings.
-		return resolver.Config{}, OSConfig{
-			SearchDomains: cfg.SearchDomains,
-		}, nil
+		return rcfg, ocfg, nil
 	case cfg.hasDefaultResolversOnly():
 		// Trivial CorpDNS configuration, just override the OS
 		// resolver.
-		return resolver.Config{}, OSConfig{
-			Nameservers:   toIPsOnly(cfg.DefaultResolvers),
-			SearchDomains: cfg.SearchDomains,
-		}, nil
+		ocfg.Nameservers = toIPsOnly(cfg.DefaultResolvers)
+		return rcfg, ocfg, nil
 	case cfg.hasDefaultResolvers():
 		// Default resolvers plus other stuff always ends up proxying
 		// through quad-100.
-		rcfg := resolver.Config{
-			Routes: map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IPPort{
-				".": cfg.DefaultResolvers,
-			},
-			Hosts:        cfg.Hosts,
-			LocalDomains: cfg.AuthoritativeSuffixes,
-		}
-		for suffix, resolvers := range cfg.Routes {
-			rcfg.Routes[suffix] = resolvers
-		}
-		ocfg := OSConfig{
-			Nameservers:   []netaddr.IP{tsaddr.TailscaleServiceIP()},
-			SearchDomains: cfg.SearchDomains,
-		}
+		rcfg.Routes = routes
+		rcfg.Routes["."] = cfg.DefaultResolvers
+		ocfg.Nameservers = []netaddr.IP{tsaddr.TailscaleServiceIP()}
 		return rcfg, ocfg, nil
 	}
 
@@ -116,8 +118,6 @@ func (m *Manager) compileConfig(cfg Config) (resolver.Config, OSConfig, error) {
 	// configurations. The possible cases don't return directly any
 	// more, because as a final step we have to handle the case where
 	// the OS can't do split DNS.
-	var rcfg resolver.Config
-	var ocfg OSConfig
 
 	// Workaround for
 	// https://github.com/tailscale/corp/issues/1662. Even though
@@ -135,35 +135,19 @@ func (m *Manager) compileConfig(cfg Config) (resolver.Config, OSConfig, error) {
 	// This bool is used in a couple of places below to implement this
 	// workaround.
 	isWindows := runtime.GOOS == "windows"
-
-	// The windows check is for
-	// . See also below
-	// for further routing workarounds there.
-	if !cfg.hasHosts() && cfg.singleResolverSet() != nil && m.os.SupportsSplitDNS() && !isWindows {
+	if cfg.singleResolverSet() != nil && m.os.SupportsSplitDNS() && !isWindows {
 		// Split DNS configuration requested, where all split domains
 		// go to the same resolvers. We can let the OS do it.
-		return resolver.Config{}, OSConfig{
-			Nameservers:   toIPsOnly(cfg.singleResolverSet()),
-			SearchDomains: cfg.SearchDomains,
-			MatchDomains:  cfg.matchDomains(),
-		}, nil
+		ocfg.Nameservers = toIPsOnly(cfg.singleResolverSet())
+		ocfg.MatchDomains = cfg.matchDomains()
+		return rcfg, ocfg, nil
 	}
 
 	// Split DNS configuration with either multiple upstream routes,
 	// or routes + MagicDNS, or just MagicDNS, or on an OS that cannot
 	// split-DNS. Install a split config pointing at quad-100.
-	rcfg = resolver.Config{
-		Hosts:        cfg.Hosts,
-		LocalDomains: cfg.AuthoritativeSuffixes,
-		Routes:       map[dnsname.FQDN][]netaddr.IPPort{},
-	}
-	for suffix, resolvers := range cfg.Routes {
-		rcfg.Routes[suffix] = resolvers
-	}
-	ocfg = OSConfig{
-		Nameservers:   []netaddr.IP{tsaddr.TailscaleServiceIP()},
-		SearchDomains: cfg.SearchDomains,
-	}
+	rcfg.Routes = routes
+	ocfg.Nameservers = []netaddr.IP{tsaddr.TailscaleServiceIP()}
 
 	// If the OS can't do native split-dns, read out the underlying
 	// resolver config and blend it into our config.
@@ -173,28 +157,7 @@ func (m *Manager) compileConfig(cfg Config) (resolver.Config, OSConfig, error) {
 	if !m.os.SupportsSplitDNS() || isWindows {
 		bcfg, err := m.os.GetBaseConfig()
 		if err != nil {
-			// Temporary hack to make OSes where split-DNS isn't fully
-			// implemented yet not completely crap out, but instead
-			// fall back to quad-9 as a hardcoded "backup resolver".
-			//
-			// This codepath currently only triggers when opted into
-			// the split-DNS feature server side, and when at least
-			// one search domain is something within tailscale.com, so
-			// we don't accidentally leak unstable user DNS queries to
-			// quad-9 if we accidentally go down this codepath.
-			canUseHack := false
-			for _, dom := range cfg.SearchDomains {
-				if strings.HasSuffix(dom.WithoutTrailingDot(), ".tailscale.com") {
-					canUseHack = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if !canUseHack {
-				return resolver.Config{}, OSConfig{}, err
-			}
-			bcfg = OSConfig{
-				Nameservers: []netaddr.IP{netaddr.IPv4(9, 9, 9, 9)},
-			}
+			return resolver.Config{}, OSConfig{}, err
 		}
 		rcfg.Routes["."] = toIPPorts(bcfg.Nameservers)
 		ocfg.SearchDomains = append(ocfg.SearchDomains, bcfg.SearchDomains...)
@@ -211,7 +174,7 @@ func (m *Manager) compileConfig(cfg Config) (resolver.Config, OSConfig, error) {
 func toIPsOnly(ipps []netaddr.IPPort) (ret []netaddr.IP) {
 	ret = make([]netaddr.IP, 0, len(ipps))
 	for _, ipp := range ipps {
-		ret = append(ret, ipp.IP)
+		ret = append(ret, ipp.IP())
 	}
 	return ret
 }
@@ -219,7 +182,7 @@ func toIPsOnly(ipps []netaddr.IPPort) (ret []netaddr.IP) {
 func toIPPorts(ips []netaddr.IP) (ret []netaddr.IPPort) {
 	ret = make([]netaddr.IPPort, 0, len(ips))
 	for _, ip := range ips {
-		ret = append(ret, netaddr.IPPort{IP: ip, Port: 53})
+		ret = append(ret, netaddr.IPPortFrom(ip, 53))
 	}
 	return ret
 }
@@ -249,7 +212,7 @@ func Cleanup(logf logger.Logf, interfaceName string) {
 		logf("creating dns cleanup: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
-	dns := NewManager(logf, oscfg, nil)
+	dns := NewManager(logf, oscfg, nil, nil)
 	if err := dns.Down(); err != nil {
 		logf("dns down: %v", err)
 	}

net/dns/manager_default.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+//go:build !linux && !freebsd && !openbsd && !windows
 // +build !linux,!freebsd,!openbsd,!windows
 
 package dns

net/dns/manager_freebsd.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 func NewOSConfigurator(logf logger.Logf, _ string) (OSConfigurator, error) {
 	bs, err := ioutil.ReadFile("/etc/resolv.conf")
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return newDirectManager()
+		return newDirectManager(), nil
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading /etc/resolv.conf: %w", err)
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ func NewOSConfigurator(logf logger.Logf, _ string) (OSConfigurator, error) {
 	case "resolvconf":
 		return newResolvconfManager(logf)
 	default:
-		return newDirectManager()
+		return newDirectManager(), nil
 	}
 }

net/dns/manager_linux.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
 	"tailscale.com/util/cmpver"
 )
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func NewOSConfigurator(logf logger.Logf, interfaceName string) (ret OSConfigurat
 	bs, err := ioutil.ReadFile("/etc/resolv.conf")
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		dbg("rc", "missing")
-		return newDirectManager()
+		return newDirectManager(), nil
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading /etc/resolv.conf: %w", err)
@@ -51,18 +51,27 @@ func NewOSConfigurator(logf logger.Logf, interfaceName string) (ret OSConfigurat
 	switch resolvOwner(bs) {
 	case "systemd-resolved":
 		dbg("rc", "resolved")
+		// Some systems, for reasons known only to them, have a
+		// resolv.conf that has the word "systemd-resolved" in its
+		// header, but doesn't actually point to resolved. We mustn't
+		// try to program resolved in that case.
+		// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/2136
+		if err := resolvedIsActuallyResolver(); err != nil {
+			dbg("resolved", "not-in-use")
+			return newDirectManager(), nil
+		}
 		if err := dbusPing("org.freedesktop.resolve1", "/org/freedesktop/resolve1"); err != nil {
 			dbg("resolved", "no")
-			return newDirectManager()
+			return newDirectManager(), nil
 		}
 		if err := dbusPing("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/DnsManager"); err != nil {
 			dbg("nm", "no")
-			return newResolvedManager(logf)
+			return newResolvedManager(logf, interfaceName)
 		}
 		dbg("nm", "yes")
 		if err := nmIsUsingResolved(); err != nil {
 			dbg("nm-resolved", "no")
-			return newResolvedManager(logf)
+			return newResolvedManager(logf, interfaceName)
 		}
 		dbg("nm-resolved", "yes")
 
@@ -79,109 +88,69 @@ func NewOSConfigurator(logf logger.Logf, interfaceName string) (ret OSConfigurat
 		// "unmanaged" interfaces - meaning NM 1.26.6 and later
 		// actively ignore DNS configuration we give it. So, for those
 		// NM versions, we can and must use resolved directly.
-		old, err := nmVersionOlderThan("1.26.6")
+		//
+		// Even more fun, even-older versions of NM won't let us set
+		// DNS settings if the interface isn't managed by NM, with a
+		// hard failure on DBus requests. Empirically, NM 1.22 does
+		// this. Based on the versions popular distros shipped, we
+		// conservatively decree that only 1.26.0 through 1.26.5 are
+		// "safe" to use for our purposes. This roughly matches
+		// distros released in the latter half of 2020.
+		//
+		// In a perfect world, we'd avoid this by replacing
+		// configuration out from under NM entirely (e.g. using
+		// directManager to overwrite resolv.conf), but in a world
+		// where resolved runs, we need to get correct configuration
+		// into resolved regardless of what's in resolv.conf (because
+		// resolved can also be queried over dbus, or via an NSS
+		// module that bypasses /etc/resolv.conf). Given that we must
+		// get correct configuration into resolved, we have no choice
+		// but to use NM, and accept the loss of IPv6 configuration
+		// that comes with it (see
+		// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1699,
+		// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/pull/1945)
+		safe, err := nmVersionBetween("1.26.0", "1.26.5")
 		if err != nil {
 			// Failed to figure out NM's version, can't make a correct
 			// decision.
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking NetworkManager version: %v", err)
 		}
-		if old {
-			dbg("nm-old", "yes")
+		if safe {
+			dbg("nm-safe", "yes")
 			return newNMManager(interfaceName)
 		}
-		dbg("nm-old", "no")
-		return newResolvedManager(logf)
+		dbg("nm-safe", "no")
+		return newResolvedManager(logf, interfaceName)
 	case "resolvconf":
 		dbg("rc", "resolvconf")
-		if err := resolvconfSourceIsNM(bs); err == nil {
-			dbg("src-is-nm", "yes")
-			if err := dbusPing("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/DnsManager"); err == nil {
-				dbg("nm", "yes")
-				old, err := nmVersionOlderThan("1.26.6")
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking NetworkManager version: %v", err)
-				}
-				if old {
-					dbg("nm-old", "yes")
-					return newNMManager(interfaceName)
-				} else {
-					dbg("nm-old", "no")
-				}
-			} else {
-				dbg("nm", "no")
-			}
-		} else {
-			dbg("src-is-nm", "no")
-		}
 		if _, err := exec.LookPath("resolvconf"); err != nil {
 			dbg("resolvconf", "no")
-			return newDirectManager()
+			return newDirectManager(), nil
 		}
 		dbg("resolvconf", "yes")
 		return newResolvconfManager(logf)
 	case "NetworkManager":
+		// You'd think we would use newNMManager somewhere in
+		// here. However, as explained in
+		// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/1699 , using
+		// NetworkManager for DNS configuration carries with it the
+		// cost of losing IPv6 configuration on the Tailscale network
+		// interface. So, when we can avoid it, we bypass
+		// NetworkManager by replacing resolv.conf directly.
+		//
+		// If you ever try to put NMManager back here, keep in mind
+		// that versions >=1.26.6 will ignore DNS configuration
+		// anyway, so you still need a fallback path that uses
+		// directManager.
 		dbg("rc", "nm")
-		if err := dbusPing("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager", "/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/DnsManager"); err != nil {
-			dbg("nm", "no")
-			return newDirectManager()
-		}
-		dbg("nm", "yes")
-		old, err := nmVersionOlderThan("1.26.6")
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking NetworkManager version: %v", err)
-		}
-		if old {
-			dbg("nm-old", "yes")
-			return newNMManager(interfaceName)
-		}
-		dbg("nm-old", "no")
-		return newDirectManager()
+		return newDirectManager(), nil
 	default:
 		dbg("rc", "unknown")
-		return newDirectManager()
+		return newDirectManager(), nil
 	}
 }
 
-func resolvconfSourceIsNM(resolvDotConf []byte) error {
-	b := bytes.NewBuffer(resolvDotConf)
-	cfg, err := readResolv(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parsing /etc/resolv.conf: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var (
-		paths = []string{
-			"/etc/resolvconf/run/interface/NetworkManager",
-			"/run/resolvconf/interface/NetworkManager",
-			"/var/run/resolvconf/interface/NetworkManager",
-			"/run/resolvconf/interfaces/NetworkManager",
-			"/var/run/resolvconf/interfaces/NetworkManager",
-		}
-		nmCfg OSConfig
-		found bool
-	)
-	for _, path := range paths {
-		nmCfg, err = readResolvFile(path)
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			continue
-		} else if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		found = true
-		break
-	}
-	if !found {
-		return errors.New("NetworkManager resolvconf snippet not found")
-	}
-
-	if !nmCfg.Equal(cfg) {
-		return errors.New("NetworkManager config not applied by resolvconf")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func nmVersionOlderThan(want string) (bool, error) {
+func nmVersionBetween(first, last string) (bool, error) {
 	conn, err := dbus.SystemBus()
 	if err != nil {
 		// DBus probably not running.
@@ -199,7 +168,8 @@ func nmVersionOlderThan(want string) (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for NM version", v.Value())
 	}
 
-	return cmpver.Compare(version, want) < 0, nil
+	outside := cmpver.Compare(version, first) < 0 || cmpver.Compare(version, last) > 0
+	return !outside, nil
 }
 
 func nmIsUsingResolved() error {
@@ -224,6 +194,17 @@ func nmIsUsingResolved() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func resolvedIsActuallyResolver() error {
+	cfg, err := newDirectManager().readResolvConf()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(cfg.Nameservers) != 1 || cfg.Nameservers[0] != netaddr.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 53) {
+		return errors.New("resolv.conf doesn't point to systemd-resolved")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func dbusPing(name, objectPath string) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
 	defer cancel()

net/dns/manager_openbsd.go

@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ package dns
 import "tailscale.com/types/logger"
 
 func NewOSConfigurator(logger.Logf, string) (OSConfigurator, error) {
-	return newDirectManager()
+	return newDirectManager(), nil
 }