natlab: fix unixgram plumbing and add mac virtualization

Tweaked the unixgram plumbing to use the vm's remote
unix address for write operations.

Rudimentary macOS virtualization added which will spin
up a VM with some hardcoded config options that work with
natlabd's default settings in -dgram mode.

Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nobels <jonathan@tailscale.com>

.gitignore

@@ -43,3 +43,7 @@ client/web/build/assets
 
 /gocross
 /dist
+
+# Ignore xcode userstate and workspace data
+*.xcuserstate
+*.xcworkspacedata

go.mod

@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gobuffalo/flect v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.9-0.20230804172637-c7be7c783f49 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19 // indirect
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240409012703-83162a5b38cd // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.47.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -477,6 +477,8 @@ github.com/google/go-containerregistry v0.18.0/go.mod h1:u0qB2l7mvtWVR5kNcbFIhFY
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 h1:xRy4A+RhZaiKjJ1bPfwQ8sedCA+YS2YcCHW6ec7JMi0=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
+github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19 h1:ves8RnFZPGiFnTS0uPQStjwru6uO6h+nlr9j6fL7kF8=
+github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19/go.mod h1:iJ8V8n6KS+z2U1A8pUwu8bW5SyEMkXJB8Yo/Vo+TKTo=
 github.com/google/goterm v0.0.0-20200907032337-555d40f16ae2 h1:CVuJwN34x4xM2aT4sIKhmeib40NeBPhRihNjQmpJsA4=
 github.com/google/goterm v0.0.0-20200907032337-555d40f16ae2/go.mod h1:nOFQdrUlIlx6M6ODdSpBj1NVA+VgLC6kmw60mkw34H4=
 github.com/google/martian v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:9I4somxYTbIHy5NJKHRl3wXiIaQGbYVAs8BPL6v8lEs=

gokrazy/Makefile

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# ./qemu-wrapper /tmp/qemu.sock qemu-system-x86_64 [...] -netdev socket,id=vlan,fd=3 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=vlan
+
 help:
 	echo "See Makefile"
 
@@ -6,3 +8,6 @@ image:
 
 qemu: image
 	qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1G -drive file=tsapp.img,format=raw -boot d -netdev user,id=user.0 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=user.0 -serial mon:stdio -audio none
+
+qemuwrap: image
+	go run ./cmd/vnetwrap qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1G -drive file=tsapp.img,format=raw -boot d -netdev socket,fd=3,id=user.0 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=user.0 -serial mon:stdio -audio none

gokrazy/cmd/vnetwrap/vnetwrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+const path = "/tmp/vnet.sock"
+
+func serve(ln net.Listener) {
+	for {
+		c, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Accept: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		go serveConn(c)
+	}
+}
+
+func serveConn(c net.Conn) {
+	log.Printf("Got conn")
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 4<<10)
+	for {
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(c, buf[:4]); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("ReadFull header: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		n := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(buf[:4])
+
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(c, buf[:n]); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("ReadFull pkt: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		log.Printf("pkt %d bytes: % 02x", n, buf[:n])
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	srv, err := net.Listen("unix", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	go serve(srv)
+	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fd, err := conn.(*net.UnixConn).File()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[1], os.Args[2:]...) // #nosec G204
+	cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, fd)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

natlab/natlabd/nat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"math/rand/v2"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"tailscale.com/util/mak"
+)
+
+// IPPool is the interface that a NAT implementation uses to get information
+// about a network.
+//
+// Outside of tests, this is typically a *network.
+type IPPool interface {
+	// WANIP returns the primary WAN IP address.
+	//
+	// TODO: add another method for networks with multiple WAN IP addresses.
+	WANIP() netip.Addr
+
+	// SoleLanIP reports whether this network has a sole LAN client
+	// and if so, its IP address.
+	SoleLANIP() (_ netip.Addr, ok bool)
+
+	// TODO: port availability stuff for interacting with portmapping
+}
+
+// newTableFunc is a constructor for a NAT table.
+// The provided IPPool is typically (outside of tests) a *network.
+type newTableFunc func(IPPool) (NATTable, error)
+
+// natTypes are the known NAT types.
+var natTypes = map[string]newTableFunc{}
+
+// registerNATType registers a NAT type.
+func registerNATType(name string, f newTableFunc) {
+	if _, ok := natTypes[name]; ok {
+		panic("duplicate NAT type: " + name)
+	}
+	natTypes[name] = f
+}
+
+// NATTable is what a NAT implementation is expected to do.
+//
+// This project tests Tailscale as it faces various combinations various NAT
+// implementations (e.g. Linux easy style NAT vs FreeBSD hard/endpoint dependent
+// NAT vs Cloud 1:1 NAT, etc)
+//
+// Implementations of NATTable need not handle concurrency; the natlab serializes
+// all calls into a NATTable.
+//
+// The provided `at` value will typically be time.Now, except for tests.
+// Implementations should not use real time and should only compare
+// previously provided time values.
+type NATTable interface {
+	// PickOutgoingSrc returns the source address to use for an outgoing packet.
+	//
+	// The result should either be invalid (to drop the packet) or a WAN (not
+	// private) IP address.
+	//
+	// Typically, the src is a LAN source IP address, but it might also be a WAN
+	// IP address if the packet is being forwarded for a source machine that has
+	// a public IP address.
+	PickOutgoingSrc(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (wanSrc netip.AddrPort)
+
+	// PickIncomingDst returns the destination address to use for an incoming
+	// packet. The incoming src address is always a public WAN IP.
+	//
+	// The result should either be invalid (to drop the packet) or the IP
+	// address of a machine on the local network address, usually a private
+	// LAN IP.
+	PickIncomingDst(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (lanDst netip.AddrPort)
+}
+
+// oneToOneNAT is a 1:1 NAT, like a typical EC2 VM.
+type oneToOneNAT struct {
+	lanIP netip.Addr
+	wanIP netip.Addr
+}
+
+func init() {
+	registerNATType("one2one", func(p IPPool) (NATTable, error) {
+		lanIP, ok := p.SoleLANIP()
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("can't use one2one NAT type on networks other than single-node networks")
+		}
+		return &oneToOneNAT{lanIP: lanIP, wanIP: p.WANIP()}, nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (n *oneToOneNAT) PickOutgoingSrc(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (wanSrc netip.AddrPort) {
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(n.wanIP, src.Port())
+}
+
+func (n *oneToOneNAT) PickIncomingDst(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (lanDst netip.AddrPort) {
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(n.lanIP, dst.Port())
+}
+
+type hardKeyOut struct {
+	lanIP netip.Addr
+	dst   netip.AddrPort
+}
+
+type hardKeyIn struct {
+	wanPort uint16
+	src     netip.AddrPort
+}
+
+type portMappingAndTime struct {
+	port uint16
+	at   time.Time
+}
+
+type lanAddrAndTime struct {
+	lanAddr netip.AddrPort
+	at      time.Time
+}
+
+// hardNAT is an "Endpoint Dependent" NAT, like FreeBSD/pfSense/OPNsense.
+// This is shown as "MappingVariesByDestIP: true" by netcheck, and what
+// Tailscale calls "Hard NAT".
+type hardNAT struct {
+	wanIP netip.Addr
+
+	out map[hardKeyOut]portMappingAndTime
+	in  map[hardKeyIn]lanAddrAndTime
+}
+
+func init() {
+	registerNATType("hard", func(p IPPool) (NATTable, error) {
+		return &hardNAT{wanIP: p.WANIP()}, nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (n *hardNAT) PickOutgoingSrc(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (wanSrc netip.AddrPort) {
+	ko := hardKeyOut{src.Addr(), dst}
+	if pm, ok := n.out[ko]; ok {
+		// Existing flow.
+		// TODO: bump timestamp
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(n.wanIP, pm.port)
+	}
+
+	// No existing mapping exists. Create one.
+
+	// TODO: clean up old expired mappings
+
+	// Instead of proper data structures that would be efficient, we instead
+	// just loop a bunch and look for a free port. This project is only used
+	// by tests and doesn't care about performance, this is good enough.
+	for {
+		port := rand.N(uint16(32<<10)) + 32<<10 // pick some "ephemeral" port
+		ki := hardKeyIn{wanPort: port, src: dst}
+		if _, ok := n.in[ki]; ok {
+			// Port already in use.
+			continue
+		}
+		mak.Set(&n.in, ki, lanAddrAndTime{lanAddr: src, at: at})
+		mak.Set(&n.out, ko, portMappingAndTime{port: port, at: at})
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(n.wanIP, port)
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *hardNAT) PickIncomingDst(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (lanDst netip.AddrPort) {
+	if dst.Addr() != n.wanIP {
+		return netip.AddrPort{} // drop; not for us. shouldn't happen if natlabd routing isn't broken.
+	}
+	ki := hardKeyIn{wanPort: dst.Port(), src: src}
+	if pm, ok := n.in[ki]; ok {
+		// Existing flow.
+		return pm.lanAddr
+	}
+	return netip.AddrPort{} // drop; no mapping
+}
+
+type easyKeyOut struct {
+	src netip.AddrPort
+}
+
+// easyNAT is an "Endpoint Independent" NAT, like Linux and most home routers
+// (many of which are Linux).
+//
+// This is shown as "MappingVariesByDestIP: false" by netcheck, and what
+// Tailscale calls "Easy NAT".
+//
+// Unlike Linux, this implementation is capped at 32k entries and doesn't resort
+// to other allocation strategies when all 32k WAN ports are taken.
+type easyNAT struct {
+	wanIP netip.Addr
+	out   map[netip.AddrPort]portMappingAndTime
+	in    map[uint16]lanAddrAndTime
+}
+
+func init() {
+	registerNATType("easy", func(p IPPool) (NATTable, error) {
+		return &easyNAT{wanIP: p.WANIP()}, nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (n *easyNAT) PickOutgoingSrc(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (wanSrc netip.AddrPort) {
+	if pm, ok := n.out[src]; ok {
+		// Existing flow.
+		// TODO: bump timestamp
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(n.wanIP, pm.port)
+	}
+
+	// Loop through all 32k high (ephemeral) ports, starting at a random
+	// position and looping back around to the start.
+	start := rand.N(uint16(32 << 10))
+	for off := range uint16(32 << 10) {
+		port := 32<<10 + (start+off)%(32<<10)
+		if _, ok := n.in[port]; !ok {
+			wanAddr := netip.AddrPortFrom(n.wanIP, port)
+
+			// Found a free port.
+			mak.Set(&n.out, src, portMappingAndTime{port: port, at: at})
+			mak.Set(&n.in, port, lanAddrAndTime{lanAddr: src, at: at})
+			return wanAddr
+		}
+	}
+	return netip.AddrPort{} // failed to allocate a mapping; TODO: fire an alert?
+}
+
+func (n *easyNAT) PickIncomingDst(src, dst netip.AddrPort, at time.Time) (lanDst netip.AddrPort) {
+	if dst.Addr() != n.wanIP {
+		return netip.AddrPort{} // drop; not for us. shouldn't happen if natlabd routing isn't broken.
+	}
+	return n.in[dst.Port()].lanAddr
+}

natlab/run-krazy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+echo "Type 'C-a c' to enter monitor; q to quit."
+
+set -eux
+qemu-system-x86_64 -M microvm,isa-serial=off \
+    -m 1G \
+    -nodefaults -no-user-config -nographic \
+    -kernel $HOME/src/github.com/tailscale/gokrazy-kernel/vmlinuz \
+    -append "console=hvc0 root=PARTUUID=60c24cc1-f3f9-427a-8199-dd02023b0001/PARTNROFF=1 ro init=/gokrazy/init panic=10 oops=panic pci=off nousb tsc=unstable clocksource=hpet" \
+    -drive id=blk0,file=$HOME/src/tailscale.com/gokrazy/tsapp.img,format=raw \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=blk0 \
+    -netdev stream,id=net0,addr.type=unix,addr.path=/tmp/qemu.sock \
+    -device virtio-serial-device \
+    -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0,mac=5a:94:ef:e4:0c:ee \
+    -chardev stdio,id=virtiocon0,mux=on \
+    -device virtconsole,chardev=virtiocon0 \
+    -mon chardev=virtiocon0,mode=readline \
+    -audio none
+

natlab/vnetMacHost/Configuration/SampleCode.xcconfig

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

natlab/vnetMacHost/InstallationTool.entitlements

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.security.virtualization</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

natlab/vnetMacHost/LICENSE/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Copyright © 2023 Apple Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/Common/Config.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import Foundation
+
+// We need to make this all configurable via config file of some kind and
+// read it in.
+struct Config {
+    static let mac = "5a:94:ef:e4:0c:ee"
+    static let serverSocket = "/tmp/qemu.sock"
+    static let clientSocket = "/tmp/qemu_client.sock"
+
+    static let memorySize = (4 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) as UInt64
+}
+
+let vmBundlePath = NSHomeDirectory() + "/VM.bundle/"
+let vmBundleURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: vmBundlePath)
+let auxiliaryStorageURL = vmBundleURL.appendingPathComponent("AuxiliaryStorage")
+let diskImageURL = vmBundleURL.appendingPathComponent("Disk.img")
+let hardwareModelURL = vmBundleURL.appendingPathComponent("HardwareModel")
+let machineIdentifierURL = vmBundleURL.appendingPathComponent("MachineIdentifier")
+let restoreImageURL = vmBundleURL.appendingPathComponent("RestoreImage.ipsw")
+let saveFileURL = vmBundleURL.appendingPathComponent("SaveFile.vzvmsave")

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/Common/VnetDelegate.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+See the LICENSE.txt file for this sample’s licensing information.
+
+Abstract:
+A class that conforms to `VZVirtualMachineDelegate` and tracks the virtual machine's state.
+*/
+
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+class VnetDelegate: NSObject, VZVirtualMachineDelegate {
+    func virtualMachine(_ virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine, didStopWithError error: Error) {
+        NSLog("Virtual machine did stop with error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+        exit(-1)
+    }
+
+    func guestDidStop(_ virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine) {
+        NSLog("Guest did stop virtual machine.")
+        exit(0)
+    }
+}

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/Common/VnetHostConfigHelper.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+See the LICENSE.txt file for this sample’s licensing information.
+
+Abstract:
+The helper that creates various configuration objects exposed in the `VZVirtualMachineConfiguration`.
+*/
+
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+#if arch(arm64)
+
+struct VnetHostConfigHelper {
+    static func computeCPUCount() -> Int {
+        let totalAvailableCPUs = ProcessInfo.processInfo.processorCount
+
+        var virtualCPUCount = totalAvailableCPUs <= 1 ? 1 : totalAvailableCPUs - 1
+        virtualCPUCount = max(virtualCPUCount, VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.minimumAllowedCPUCount)
+        virtualCPUCount = min(virtualCPUCount, VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.maximumAllowedCPUCount)
+
+        return virtualCPUCount
+    }
+
+    static func computeMemorySize() -> UInt64 {
+        // Set the amount of system memory to 4 GB; this is a baseline value
+        // that you can change depending on your use case.
+        var memorySize = Config.memorySize
+        memorySize = max(memorySize, VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.minimumAllowedMemorySize)
+        memorySize = min(memorySize, VZVirtualMachineConfiguration.maximumAllowedMemorySize)
+
+        return memorySize
+    }
+
+    static func createBootLoader() -> VZMacOSBootLoader {
+        return VZMacOSBootLoader()
+    }
+
+    static func createGraphicsDeviceConfiguration() -> VZMacGraphicsDeviceConfiguration {
+        let graphicsConfiguration = VZMacGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()
+        graphicsConfiguration.displays = [
+            // The system arbitrarily chooses the resolution of the display to be 1920 x 1200.
+            VZMacGraphicsDisplayConfiguration(widthInPixels: 1920, heightInPixels: 1200, pixelsPerInch: 80)
+        ]
+
+        return graphicsConfiguration
+    }
+
+    static func createBlockDeviceConfiguration() -> VZVirtioBlockDeviceConfiguration {
+        guard let diskImageAttachment = try? VZDiskImageStorageDeviceAttachment(url: diskImageURL, readOnly: false) else {
+            fatalError("Failed to create Disk image.")
+        }
+        let disk = VZVirtioBlockDeviceConfiguration(attachment: diskImageAttachment)
+        return disk
+    }
+
+    static func createNetworkDeviceConfiguration() -> VZVirtioNetworkDeviceConfiguration {
+        let networkDevice = VZVirtioNetworkDeviceConfiguration()
+        networkDevice.macAddress = VZMACAddress(string: Config.mac)!
+
+        let socket = Darwin.socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
+
+        let serverSocket = Config.serverSocket
+        let clientSocket = Config.clientSocket
+
+        unlink(clientSocket)
+        var clientAddr = sockaddr_un()
+        clientAddr.sun_family = sa_family_t(AF_UNIX)
+        clientSocket.withCString { ptr in
+            withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &clientAddr.sun_path.0) { dest in
+                _ = strcpy(dest, ptr)
+            }
+        }
+
+        let bindRes = Darwin.bind(socket,
+                                  withUnsafePointer(to: &clientAddr, { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: sockaddr.self, capacity: 1) { $0 } }),
+                                  socklen_t(MemoryLayout<sockaddr_un>.size))
+
+        if bindRes == -1 {
+            print("Error binding virtual network client socket - \(String(cString: strerror(errno)))")
+            return networkDevice
+        }
+
+        var serverAddr = sockaddr_un()
+        serverAddr.sun_family = sa_family_t(AF_UNIX)
+        serverSocket.withCString { ptr in
+            withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &serverAddr.sun_path.0) { dest in
+                _ = strcpy(dest, ptr)
+            }
+        }
+
+        let connectRes = Darwin.connect(socket,
+                                        withUnsafePointer(to: &serverAddr, { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: sockaddr.self, capacity: 1) { $0 } }),
+                                        socklen_t(MemoryLayout<sockaddr_un>.size))
+
+
+        if connectRes == -1 {
+            print("Error binding virtual network server socket - \(String(cString: strerror(errno)))")
+            return networkDevice
+        }
+
+        print("Virtual if mac address is \(Config.mac)")
+        print("Client bound to \(clientSocket)")
+        print("Connected to server at \(serverSocket)")
+        print("Socket fd is \(socket)")
+
+
+        let handle = FileHandle(fileDescriptor: socket)
+        let device = VZFileHandleNetworkDeviceAttachment(fileHandle: handle)
+        networkDevice.attachment = device
+        return networkDevice
+    }
+
+    static func createPointingDeviceConfiguration() -> VZPointingDeviceConfiguration {
+        return VZMacTrackpadConfiguration()
+    }
+
+    static func createKeyboardConfiguration() -> VZKeyboardConfiguration {
+        if #available(macOS 14.0, *) {
+            return VZMacKeyboardConfiguration()
+        } else {
+            return VZUSBKeyboardConfiguration()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/InstallationTool/MacOSRestoreImage.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+See the LICENSE.txt file for this sample’s licensing information.
+
+Abstract:
+Download the latest macOS restore image from the network.
+*/
+
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+#if arch(arm64)
+
+class MacOSRestoreImage: NSObject {
+    private var downloadObserver: NSKeyValueObservation?
+
+    // MARK: Observe the download progress.
+
+    public func download(completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        NSLog("Attempting to download latest available restore image.")
+        VZMacOSRestoreImage.fetchLatestSupported { [self](result: Result<VZMacOSRestoreImage, Error>) in
+            switch result {
+                case let .failure(error):
+                    fatalError(error.localizedDescription)
+
+                case let .success(restoreImage):
+                    downloadRestoreImage(restoreImage: restoreImage, completionHandler: completionHandler)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Download the restore image from the network.
+
+    private func downloadRestoreImage(restoreImage: VZMacOSRestoreImage, completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        let downloadTask = URLSession.shared.downloadTask(with: restoreImage.url) { localURL, response, error in
+            if let error = error {
+                fatalError("Download failed. \(error.localizedDescription).")
+            }
+
+            guard (try? FileManager.default.moveItem(at: localURL!, to: restoreImageURL)) != nil else {
+                fatalError("Failed to move downloaded restore image to \(restoreImageURL).")
+            }
+
+            completionHandler()
+        }
+
+        downloadObserver = downloadTask.progress.observe(\.fractionCompleted, options: [.initial, .new]) { (progress, change) in
+            NSLog("Restore image download progress: \(change.newValue! * 100).")
+        }
+        downloadTask.resume()
+    }
+}
+
+#endif

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/InstallationTool/MacOSVirtualMachineInstaller.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+See the LICENSE.txt file for this sample’s licensing information.
+
+Abstract:
+A helper class to install a macOS virtual machine.
+*/
+
+import Virtualization
+
+#if arch(arm64)
+
+class MacOSVirtualMachineInstaller: NSObject {
+    private var installationObserver: NSKeyValueObservation?
+    private var virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine!
+    private var virtualMachineResponder: VnetDelegate?
+
+    // Create a bundle on the user's Home directory to store any artifacts
+    // that the installation produces.
+    public func setUpVirtualMachineArtifacts() {
+        createVMBundle()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Install macOS onto the virtual machine from IPSW.
+
+    public func installMacOS(ipswURL: URL) {
+        NSLog("Attempting to install from IPSW at \(ipswURL).")
+        VZMacOSRestoreImage.load(from: ipswURL, completionHandler: { [self](result: Result<VZMacOSRestoreImage, Error>) in
+            switch result {
+                case let .failure(error):
+                    fatalError(error.localizedDescription)
+
+                case let .success(restoreImage):
+                    installMacOS(restoreImage: restoreImage)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Internal helper functions.
+
+    private func installMacOS(restoreImage: VZMacOSRestoreImage) {
+        guard let macOSConfiguration = restoreImage.mostFeaturefulSupportedConfiguration else {
+            fatalError("No supported configuration available.")
+        }
+
+        if !macOSConfiguration.hardwareModel.isSupported {
+            fatalError("macOSConfiguration configuration isn't supported on the current host.")
+        }
+
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [self] in
+            setupVirtualMachine(macOSConfiguration: macOSConfiguration)
+            startInstallation(restoreImageURL: restoreImage.url)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Create the Mac platform configuration.
+
+    private func createMacPlatformConfiguration(macOSConfiguration: VZMacOSConfigurationRequirements) -> VZMacPlatformConfiguration {
+        let macPlatformConfiguration = VZMacPlatformConfiguration()
+
+        guard let auxiliaryStorage = try? VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(creatingStorageAt: auxiliaryStorageURL,
+                                                                    hardwareModel: macOSConfiguration.hardwareModel,
+                                                                          options: []) else {
+            fatalError("Failed to create auxiliary storage.")
+        }
+        macPlatformConfiguration.auxiliaryStorage = auxiliaryStorage
+        macPlatformConfiguration.hardwareModel = macOSConfiguration.hardwareModel
+        macPlatformConfiguration.machineIdentifier = VZMacMachineIdentifier()
+
+        // Store the hardware model and machine identifier to disk so that you
+        // can retrieve them for subsequent boots.
+        try! macPlatformConfiguration.hardwareModel.dataRepresentation.write(to: hardwareModelURL)
+        try! macPlatformConfiguration.machineIdentifier.dataRepresentation.write(to: machineIdentifierURL)
+
+        return macPlatformConfiguration
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Create the virtual machine configuration and instantiate the virtual machine.
+
+    private func setupVirtualMachine(macOSConfiguration: VZMacOSConfigurationRequirements) {
+        let virtualMachineConfiguration = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration()
+
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.platform = createMacPlatformConfiguration(macOSConfiguration: macOSConfiguration)
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.cpuCount = VnetHostConfigHelper.computeCPUCount()
+        if virtualMachineConfiguration.cpuCount < macOSConfiguration.minimumSupportedCPUCount {
+            fatalError("CPUCount isn't supported by the macOS configuration.")
+        }
+
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.memorySize = VnetHostConfigHelper.computeMemorySize()
+        if virtualMachineConfiguration.memorySize < macOSConfiguration.minimumSupportedMemorySize {
+            fatalError("memorySize isn't supported by the macOS configuration.")
+        }
+
+        // Create a 128 GB disk image.
+        createDiskImage()
+
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.bootLoader = VnetHostConfigHelper.createBootLoader()
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.graphicsDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.storageDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createBlockDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.networkDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createNetworkDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.pointingDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createPointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.keyboards = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createKeyboardConfiguration()]
+
+        try! virtualMachineConfiguration.validate()
+
+        if #available(macOS 14.0, *) {
+            try! virtualMachineConfiguration.validateSaveRestoreSupport()
+        }
+
+        virtualMachine = VZVirtualMachine(configuration: virtualMachineConfiguration)
+        virtualMachineResponder = VnetDelegate()
+        virtualMachine.delegate = virtualMachineResponder
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Begin macOS installation.
+
+    private func startInstallation(restoreImageURL: URL) {
+        let installer = VZMacOSInstaller(virtualMachine: virtualMachine, restoringFromImageAt: restoreImageURL)
+
+        NSLog("Starting installation.")
+        installer.install(completionHandler: { (result: Result<Void, Error>) in
+            if case let .failure(error) = result {
+                fatalError(error.localizedDescription)
+            } else {
+                NSLog("Installation succeeded.")
+            }
+        })
+
+        // Observe installation progress.
+        installationObserver = installer.progress.observe(\.fractionCompleted, options: [.initial, .new]) { (progress, change) in
+            NSLog("Installation progress: \(change.newValue! * 100).")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func createVMBundle() {
+        let bundleFd = mkdir(vmBundlePath, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)
+        if bundleFd == -1 {
+            if errno == EEXIST {
+                fatalError("Failed to create VM.bundle: the base directory already exists.")
+            }
+            fatalError("Failed to create VM.bundle.")
+        }
+
+        let result = close(bundleFd)
+        if result != 0 {
+            fatalError("Failed to close VM.bundle.")
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create an empty disk image for the virtual machine.
+    private func createDiskImage() {
+        let diskFd = open(diskImageURL.path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
+        if diskFd == -1 {
+            fatalError("Cannot create disk image.")
+        }
+
+        // 128 GB disk space.
+        var result = ftruncate(diskFd, 128 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+        if result != 0 {
+            fatalError("ftruncate() failed.")
+        }
+
+        result = close(diskFd)
+        if result != 0 {
+            fatalError("Failed to close the disk image.")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/InstallationTool/main.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+See the LICENSE.txt file for this sample’s licensing information.
+
+Abstract:
+The entry for `InstallationTool`.
+*/
+
+import Foundation
+
+#if arch(arm64)
+
+let installer = MacOSVirtualMachineInstaller()
+
+if CommandLine.arguments.count == 2 {
+    let ipswPath = String(CommandLine.arguments[1])
+    let ipswURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: ipswPath)
+    guard ipswURL.isFileURL else {
+        fatalError("The provided IPSW path is not a valid file URL.")
+    }
+
+    installer.setUpVirtualMachineArtifacts()
+    installer.installMacOS(ipswURL: ipswURL)
+
+    dispatchMain()
+} else if CommandLine.arguments.count == 1 {
+    installer.setUpVirtualMachineArtifacts()
+
+    let restoreImage = MacOSRestoreImage()
+    restoreImage.download {
+        // Install from the restore image that you downloaded.
+        installer.installMacOS(ipswURL: restoreImageURL)
+    }
+
+    dispatchMain()
+} else {
+    NSLog("Invalid argument. Please either provide the path to an IPSW file, or run this tool without any argument.")
+    exit(-1)
+}
+
+#else
+
+NSLog("This tool can only be run on Apple Silicon Macs.")
+
+#endif

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/vnetMacHost/AppDelegate.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+See the LICENSE.txt file for this sample’s licensing information.
+
+Abstract:
+The app delegate that sets up and starts the virtual machine.
+*/
+
+import Cocoa
+import Foundation
+import Virtualization
+
+@main
+class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate {
+
+    @IBOutlet var window: NSWindow!
+
+    @IBOutlet weak var virtualMachineView: VZVirtualMachineView!
+
+    private var virtualMachineResponder: VnetDelegate?
+
+    private var virtualMachine: VZVirtualMachine!
+
+    // MARK: Create the Mac platform configuration.
+
+#if arch(arm64)
+    private func createMacPlaform() -> VZMacPlatformConfiguration {
+        let macPlatform = VZMacPlatformConfiguration()
+
+        let auxiliaryStorage = VZMacAuxiliaryStorage(contentsOf: auxiliaryStorageURL)
+        macPlatform.auxiliaryStorage = auxiliaryStorage
+
+        if !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: vmBundlePath) {
+            fatalError("Missing Virtual Machine Bundle at \(vmBundlePath). Run InstallationTool first to create it.")
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve the hardware model and save this value to disk
+        // during installation.
+        guard let hardwareModelData = try? Data(contentsOf: hardwareModelURL) else {
+            fatalError("Failed to retrieve hardware model data.")
+        }
+
+        guard let hardwareModel = VZMacHardwareModel(dataRepresentation: hardwareModelData) else {
+            fatalError("Failed to create hardware model.")
+        }
+
+        if !hardwareModel.isSupported {
+            fatalError("The hardware model isn't supported on the current host")
+        }
+        macPlatform.hardwareModel = hardwareModel
+
+        // Retrieve the machine identifier and save this value to disk
+        // during installation.
+        guard let machineIdentifierData = try? Data(contentsOf: machineIdentifierURL) else {
+            fatalError("Failed to retrieve machine identifier data.")
+        }
+
+        guard let machineIdentifier = VZMacMachineIdentifier(dataRepresentation: machineIdentifierData) else {
+            fatalError("Failed to create machine identifier.")
+        }
+        macPlatform.machineIdentifier = machineIdentifier
+
+        return macPlatform
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Create the virtual machine configuration and instantiate the virtual machine.
+
+    private func createVirtualMachine() {
+        let virtualMachineConfiguration = VZVirtualMachineConfiguration()
+
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.platform = createMacPlaform()
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.bootLoader = VnetHostConfigHelper.createBootLoader()
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.cpuCount = VnetHostConfigHelper.computeCPUCount()
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.memorySize = VnetHostConfigHelper.computeMemorySize()
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.graphicsDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createGraphicsDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.storageDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createBlockDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.networkDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createNetworkDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.pointingDevices = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createPointingDeviceConfiguration()]
+        virtualMachineConfiguration.keyboards = [VnetHostConfigHelper.createKeyboardConfiguration()]
+
+        try! virtualMachineConfiguration.validate()
+
+        if #available(macOS 14.0, *) {
+            try! virtualMachineConfiguration.validateSaveRestoreSupport()
+        }
+
+        virtualMachine = VZVirtualMachine(configuration: virtualMachineConfiguration)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Start or restore the virtual machine.
+
+    func startVirtualMachine() {
+        virtualMachine.start(completionHandler: { (result) in
+            if case let .failure(error) = result {
+                fatalError("Virtual machine failed to start with \(error)")
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    func resumeVirtualMachine() {
+        virtualMachine.resume(completionHandler: { (result) in
+            if case let .failure(error) = result {
+                fatalError("Virtual machine failed to resume with \(error)")
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    @available(macOS 14.0, *)
+    func restoreVirtualMachine() {
+        virtualMachine.restoreMachineStateFrom(url: saveFileURL, completionHandler: { [self] (error) in
+            // Remove the saved file. Whether success or failure, the state no longer matches the VM's disk.
+            let fileManager = FileManager.default
+            try! fileManager.removeItem(at: saveFileURL)
+
+            if error == nil {
+                self.resumeVirtualMachine()
+            } else {
+                self.startVirtualMachine()
+            }
+        })
+    }
+#endif
+
+    func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ aNotification: Notification) {
+#if arch(arm64)
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [self] in
+            createVirtualMachine()
+            virtualMachineResponder = VnetDelegate()
+            virtualMachine.delegate = virtualMachineResponder
+            virtualMachineView.virtualMachine = virtualMachine
+            virtualMachineView.capturesSystemKeys = true
+
+            if #available(macOS 14.0, *) {
+                // Configure the app to automatically respond to changes in the display size.
+                virtualMachineView.automaticallyReconfiguresDisplay = true
+            }
+
+            if #available(macOS 14.0, *) {
+                let fileManager = FileManager.default
+                if fileManager.fileExists(atPath: saveFileURL.path) {
+                    restoreVirtualMachine()
+                } else {
+                    startVirtualMachine()
+                }
+            } else {
+                startVirtualMachine()
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Save the virtual machine when the app exits.
+
+    func applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed(_ sender: NSApplication) -> Bool {
+        return true
+    }
+    
+#if arch(arm64)
+    @available(macOS 14.0, *)
+    func saveVirtualMachine(completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        virtualMachine.saveMachineStateTo(url: saveFileURL, completionHandler: { (error) in
+            guard error == nil else {
+                fatalError("Virtual machine failed to save with \(error!)")
+            }
+
+            completionHandler()
+        })
+    }
+
+    @available(macOS 14.0, *)
+    func pauseAndSaveVirtualMachine(completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        virtualMachine.pause(completionHandler: { (result) in
+            if case let .failure(error) = result {
+                fatalError("Virtual machine failed to pause with \(error)")
+            }
+
+            self.saveVirtualMachine(completionHandler: completionHandler)
+        })
+    }
+#endif
+
+    func applicationShouldTerminate(_ sender: NSApplication) -> NSApplication.TerminateReply {
+#if arch(arm64)
+        if #available(macOS 14.0, *) {
+            if virtualMachine.state == .running {
+                pauseAndSaveVirtualMachine(completionHandler: {
+                    sender.reply(toApplicationShouldTerminate: true)
+                })
+                
+                return .terminateLater
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return .terminateNow
+    }
+}

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/vnetMacHost/Assets.xcassets/AccentColor.colorset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "colors" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "universal"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/vnetMacHost/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "1x",
+      "size" : "16x16"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "size" : "16x16"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "1x",
+      "size" : "32x32"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "size" : "32x32"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "1x",
+      "size" : "128x128"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "size" : "128x128"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "1x",
+      "size" : "256x256"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "size" : "256x256"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "1x",
+      "size" : "512x512"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "mac",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "size" : "512x512"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/vnetMacHost/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/vnetMacHost/Base.lproj/MainMenu.xib

@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.Cocoa.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="32700.99.1234" targetRuntime="MacOSX.Cocoa" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" customObjectInstantitationMethod="direct">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.CocoaPlugin" version="22690"/>
+        <capability name="documents saved in the Xcode 8 format" minToolsVersion="8.0"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <objects>
+        <customObject id="-2" userLabel="File's Owner" customClass="NSApplication">
+            <connections>
+                <outlet property="delegate" destination="Voe-Tx-rLC" id="GzC-gU-4Uq"/>
+            </connections>
+        </customObject>
+        <customObject id="-1" userLabel="First Responder" customClass="FirstResponder"/>
+        <customObject id="-3" userLabel="Application" customClass="NSObject"/>
+        <customObject id="Voe-Tx-rLC" customClass="AppDelegate" customModule="macOSVirtualMachineSampleApp_Swift" customModuleProvider="target">
+            <connections>
+                <outlet property="virtualMachineView" destination="EiT-Mj-1SZ" id="KBI-Ak-yeW"/>
+                <outlet property="window" destination="QvC-M9-y7g" id="gIp-Ho-8D9"/>
+            </connections>
+        </customObject>
+        <customObject id="YLy-65-1bz" customClass="NSFontManager"/>
+        <menu title="Main Menu" systemMenu="main" id="AYu-sK-qS6">
+            <items>
+                <menuItem title="vnetMacHost" id="1Xt-HY-uBw">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="vnetMacHost" systemMenu="apple" id="uQy-DD-JDr">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="About vnetMacHost" id="5kV-Vb-QxS">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="orderFrontStandardAboutPanel:" target="-1" id="Exp-CZ-Vem"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="VOq-y0-SEH"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Preferences…" keyEquivalent="," id="BOF-NM-1cW"/>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="wFC-TO-SCJ"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Services" id="NMo-om-nkz">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Services" systemMenu="services" id="hz9-B4-Xy5"/>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="4je-JR-u6R"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Hide vnetMacHost" keyEquivalent="h" id="Olw-nP-bQN">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="hide:" target="-1" id="PnN-Uc-m68"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Hide Others" keyEquivalent="h" id="Vdr-fp-XzO">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="hideOtherApplications:" target="-1" id="VT4-aY-XCT"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Show All" id="Kd2-mp-pUS">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="unhideAllApplications:" target="-1" id="Dhg-Le-xox"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="kCx-OE-vgT"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Save and quit vnetMacHost" keyEquivalent="q" id="4sb-4s-VLi">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="terminate:" target="-1" id="Te7-pn-YzF"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="File" id="dMs-cI-mzQ">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="File" id="bib-Uj-vzu">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="New" keyEquivalent="n" id="Was-JA-tGl">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="newDocument:" target="-1" id="4Si-XN-c54"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Open…" keyEquivalent="o" id="IAo-SY-fd9">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="openDocument:" target="-1" id="bVn-NM-KNZ"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Open Recent" id="tXI-mr-wws">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Open Recent" systemMenu="recentDocuments" id="oas-Oc-fiZ">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Clear Menu" id="vNY-rz-j42">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="clearRecentDocuments:" target="-1" id="Daa-9d-B3U"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="m54-Is-iLE"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Close" keyEquivalent="w" id="DVo-aG-piG">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="performClose:" target="-1" id="HmO-Ls-i7Q"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Save…" keyEquivalent="s" id="pxx-59-PXV">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="saveDocument:" target="-1" id="teZ-XB-qJY"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Save As…" keyEquivalent="S" id="Bw7-FT-i3A">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="saveDocumentAs:" target="-1" id="mDf-zr-I0C"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Revert to Saved" keyEquivalent="r" id="KaW-ft-85H">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="revertDocumentToSaved:" target="-1" id="iJ3-Pv-kwq"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="aJh-i4-bef"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Page Setup…" keyEquivalent="P" id="qIS-W8-SiK">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" shift="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="runPageLayout:" target="-1" id="Din-rz-gC5"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Print…" keyEquivalent="p" id="aTl-1u-JFS">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="print:" target="-1" id="qaZ-4w-aoO"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Edit" id="5QF-Oa-p0T">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Edit" id="W48-6f-4Dl">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Undo" keyEquivalent="z" id="dRJ-4n-Yzg">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="undo:" target="-1" id="M6e-cu-g7V"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Redo" keyEquivalent="Z" id="6dh-zS-Vam">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="redo:" target="-1" id="oIA-Rs-6OD"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="WRV-NI-Exz"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Cut" keyEquivalent="x" id="uRl-iY-unG">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="cut:" target="-1" id="YJe-68-I9s"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Copy" keyEquivalent="c" id="x3v-GG-iWU">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="copy:" target="-1" id="G1f-GL-Joy"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Paste" keyEquivalent="v" id="gVA-U4-sdL">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="paste:" target="-1" id="UvS-8e-Qdg"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Paste and Match Style" keyEquivalent="V" id="WeT-3V-zwk">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="pasteAsPlainText:" target="-1" id="cEh-KX-wJQ"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Delete" id="pa3-QI-u2k">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="delete:" target="-1" id="0Mk-Ml-PaM"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Select All" keyEquivalent="a" id="Ruw-6m-B2m">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="selectAll:" target="-1" id="VNm-Mi-diN"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="uyl-h8-XO2"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Find" id="4EN-yA-p0u">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Find" id="1b7-l0-nxx">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find…" tag="1" keyEquivalent="f" id="Xz5-n4-O0W">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="cD7-Qs-BN4"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find and Replace…" tag="12" keyEquivalent="f" id="YEy-JH-Tfz">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="WD3-Gg-5AJ"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find Next" tag="2" keyEquivalent="g" id="q09-fT-Sye">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="NDo-RZ-v9R"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Find Previous" tag="3" keyEquivalent="G" id="OwM-mh-QMV">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="HOh-sY-3ay"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Use Selection for Find" tag="7" keyEquivalent="e" id="buJ-ug-pKt">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="performFindPanelAction:" target="-1" id="U76-nv-p5D"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Jump to Selection" keyEquivalent="j" id="S0p-oC-mLd">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="centerSelectionInVisibleArea:" target="-1" id="IOG-6D-g5B"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Spelling and Grammar" id="Dv1-io-Yv7">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Spelling" id="3IN-sU-3Bg">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Spelling and Grammar" keyEquivalent=":" id="HFo-cy-zxI">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="showGuessPanel:" target="-1" id="vFj-Ks-hy3"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Check Document Now" keyEquivalent=";" id="hz2-CU-CR7">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="checkSpelling:" target="-1" id="fz7-VC-reM"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="bNw-od-mp5"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Check Spelling While Typing" id="rbD-Rh-wIN">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleContinuousSpellChecking:" target="-1" id="7w6-Qz-0kB"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Check Grammar With Spelling" id="mK6-2p-4JG">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleGrammarChecking:" target="-1" id="muD-Qn-j4w"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Correct Spelling Automatically" id="78Y-hA-62v">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticSpellingCorrection:" target="-1" id="2lM-Qi-WAP"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Substitutions" id="9ic-FL-obx">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Substitutions" id="FeM-D8-WVr">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Substitutions" id="z6F-FW-3nz">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="orderFrontSubstitutionsPanel:" target="-1" id="oku-mr-iSq"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="gPx-C9-uUO"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Copy/Paste" id="9yt-4B-nSM">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleSmartInsertDelete:" target="-1" id="3IJ-Se-DZD"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Quotes" id="hQb-2v-fYv">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticQuoteSubstitution:" target="-1" id="ptq-xd-QOA"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Dashes" id="rgM-f4-ycn">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticDashSubstitution:" target="-1" id="oCt-pO-9gS"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smart Links" id="cwL-P1-jid">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticLinkDetection:" target="-1" id="Gip-E3-Fov"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Data Detectors" id="tRr-pd-1PS">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticDataDetection:" target="-1" id="R1I-Nq-Kbl"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Text Replacement" id="HFQ-gK-NFA">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleAutomaticTextReplacement:" target="-1" id="DvP-Fe-Py6"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Transformations" id="2oI-Rn-ZJC">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Transformations" id="c8a-y6-VQd">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Make Upper Case" id="vmV-6d-7jI">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="uppercaseWord:" target="-1" id="sPh-Tk-edu"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Make Lower Case" id="d9M-CD-aMd">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="lowercaseWord:" target="-1" id="iUZ-b5-hil"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Capitalize" id="UEZ-Bs-lqG">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="capitalizeWord:" target="-1" id="26H-TL-nsh"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Speech" id="xrE-MZ-jX0">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Speech" id="3rS-ZA-NoH">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Start Speaking" id="Ynk-f8-cLZ">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="startSpeaking:" target="-1" id="654-Ng-kyl"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Stop Speaking" id="Oyz-dy-DGm">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="stopSpeaking:" target="-1" id="dX8-6p-jy9"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Format" id="jxT-CU-nIS">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Format" id="GEO-Iw-cKr">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Font" id="Gi5-1S-RQB">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Font" systemMenu="font" id="aXa-aM-Jaq">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Fonts" keyEquivalent="t" id="Q5e-8K-NDq">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="orderFrontFontPanel:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="WHr-nq-2xA"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Bold" tag="2" keyEquivalent="b" id="GB9-OM-e27">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="addFontTrait:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="hqk-hr-sYV"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Italic" tag="1" keyEquivalent="i" id="Vjx-xi-njq">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="addFontTrait:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="IHV-OB-c03"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Underline" keyEquivalent="u" id="WRG-CD-K1S">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="underline:" target="-1" id="FYS-2b-JAY"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="5gT-KC-WSO"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Bigger" tag="3" keyEquivalent="+" id="Ptp-SP-VEL">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="modifyFont:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="Uc7-di-UnL"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Smaller" tag="4" keyEquivalent="-" id="i1d-Er-qST">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="modifyFont:" target="YLy-65-1bz" id="HcX-Lf-eNd"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="kx3-Dk-x3B"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Kern" id="jBQ-r6-VK2">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Kern" id="tlD-Oa-oAM">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use Default" id="GUa-eO-cwY">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="useStandardKerning:" target="-1" id="6dk-9l-Ckg"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use None" id="cDB-IK-hbR">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="turnOffKerning:" target="-1" id="U8a-gz-Maa"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Tighten" id="46P-cB-AYj">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="tightenKerning:" target="-1" id="hr7-Nz-8ro"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Loosen" id="ogc-rX-tC1">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="loosenKerning:" target="-1" id="8i4-f9-FKE"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Ligatures" id="o6e-r0-MWq">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Ligatures" id="w0m-vy-SC9">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use Default" id="agt-UL-0e3">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="useStandardLigatures:" target="-1" id="7uR-wd-Dx6"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use None" id="J7y-lM-qPV">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="turnOffLigatures:" target="-1" id="iX2-gA-Ilz"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use All" id="xQD-1f-W4t">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="useAllLigatures:" target="-1" id="KcB-kA-TuK"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Baseline" id="OaQ-X3-Vso">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Baseline" id="ijk-EB-dga">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Use Default" id="3Om-Ey-2VK">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="unscript:" target="-1" id="0vZ-95-Ywn"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Superscript" id="Rqc-34-cIF">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="superscript:" target="-1" id="3qV-fo-wpU"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Subscript" id="I0S-gh-46l">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="subscript:" target="-1" id="Q6W-4W-IGz"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Raise" id="2h7-ER-AoG">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="raiseBaseline:" target="-1" id="4sk-31-7Q9"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Lower" id="1tx-W0-xDw">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="lowerBaseline:" target="-1" id="OF1-bc-KW4"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="Ndw-q3-faq"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Colors" keyEquivalent="C" id="bgn-CT-cEk">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="orderFrontColorPanel:" target="-1" id="mSX-Xz-DV3"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="iMs-zA-UFJ"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Copy Style" keyEquivalent="c" id="5Vv-lz-BsD">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="copyFont:" target="-1" id="GJO-xA-L4q"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Paste Style" keyEquivalent="v" id="vKC-jM-MkH">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="pasteFont:" target="-1" id="JfD-CL-leO"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Text" id="Fal-I4-PZk">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <menu key="submenu" title="Text" id="d9c-me-L2H">
+                                    <items>
+                                        <menuItem title="Align Left" keyEquivalent="{" id="ZM1-6Q-yy1">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignLeft:" target="-1" id="zUv-R1-uAa"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Center" keyEquivalent="|" id="VIY-Ag-zcb">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignCenter:" target="-1" id="spX-mk-kcS"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Justify" id="J5U-5w-g23">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignJustified:" target="-1" id="ljL-7U-jND"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Align Right" keyEquivalent="}" id="wb2-vD-lq4">
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="alignRight:" target="-1" id="r48-bG-YeY"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="4s2-GY-VfK"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Writing Direction" id="H1b-Si-o9J">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <menu key="submenu" title="Writing Direction" id="8mr-sm-Yjd">
+                                                <items>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Paragraph" enabled="NO" id="ZvO-Gk-QUH">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="YGs-j5-SAR">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Default</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionNatural:" target="-1" id="qtV-5e-UBP"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="Lbh-J2-qVU">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Left to Right</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionLeftToRight:" target="-1" id="S0X-9S-QSf"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="jFq-tB-4Kx">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Right to Left</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeBaseWritingDirectionRightToLeft:" target="-1" id="5fk-qB-AqJ"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="swp-gr-a21"/>
+                                                    <menuItem title="Selection" enabled="NO" id="cqv-fj-IhA">
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="Nop-cj-93Q">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Default</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionNatural:" target="-1" id="lPI-Se-ZHp"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="BgM-ve-c93">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Left to Right</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionLeftToRight:" target="-1" id="caW-Bv-w94"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                    <menuItem id="RB4-Sm-HuC">
+                                                        <string key="title">	Right to Left</string>
+                                                        <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                                        <connections>
+                                                            <action selector="makeTextWritingDirectionRightToLeft:" target="-1" id="EXD-6r-ZUu"/>
+                                                        </connections>
+                                                    </menuItem>
+                                                </items>
+                                            </menu>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="fKy-g9-1gm"/>
+                                        <menuItem title="Show Ruler" id="vLm-3I-IUL">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="toggleRuler:" target="-1" id="FOx-HJ-KwY"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Copy Ruler" keyEquivalent="c" id="MkV-Pr-PK5">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="copyRuler:" target="-1" id="71i-fW-3W2"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                        <menuItem title="Paste Ruler" keyEquivalent="v" id="LVM-kO-fVI">
+                                            <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                            <connections>
+                                                <action selector="pasteRuler:" target="-1" id="cSh-wd-qM2"/>
+                                            </connections>
+                                        </menuItem>
+                                    </items>
+                                </menu>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="View" id="H8h-7b-M4v">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="View" id="HyV-fh-RgO">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Show Toolbar" keyEquivalent="t" id="snW-S8-Cw5">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" option="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="toggleToolbarShown:" target="-1" id="BXY-wc-z0C"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Customize Toolbar…" id="1UK-8n-QPP">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="runToolbarCustomizationPalette:" target="-1" id="pQI-g3-MTW"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="hB3-LF-h0Y"/>
+                            <menuItem title="Show Sidebar" keyEquivalent="s" id="kIP-vf-haE">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="toggleSidebar:" target="-1" id="iwa-gc-5KM"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Enter Full Screen" keyEquivalent="f" id="4J7-dP-txa">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" control="YES" command="YES"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="toggleFullScreen:" target="-1" id="dU3-MA-1Rq"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
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+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                    <menu key="submenu" title="Window" systemMenu="window" id="Td7-aD-5lo">
+                        <items>
+                            <menuItem title="Minimize" keyEquivalent="m" id="OY7-WF-poV">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="performMiniaturize:" target="-1" id="VwT-WD-YPe"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Zoom" id="R4o-n2-Eq4">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
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+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
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+                            <menuItem title="Bring All to Front" id="LE2-aR-0XJ">
+                                <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="arrangeInFront:" target="-1" id="DRN-fu-gQh"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
+                        </items>
+                    </menu>
+                </menuItem>
+                <menuItem title="Help" id="wpr-3q-Mcd">
+                    <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask"/>
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+                        <items>
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+                                <connections>
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+                                </connections>
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+        </menu>
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+            <view key="contentView" id="EiT-Mj-1SZ" customClass="VZVirtualMachineView">
+                <rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="960" height="600"/>
+                <autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask"/>
+            </view>
+            <point key="canvasLocation" x="200" y="400"/>
+        </window>
+    </objects>
+</document>

natlab/vnetMacHost/Swift/vnetMacHost/Info.plist

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict/>
+</plist>

natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.entitlements

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+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.security.virtualization</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/.xcodesamplecode.plist

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natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

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+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Onone";
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+				CLANG_WARN_COMMA = YES;
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+				CLANG_WARN_DEPRECATED_OBJC_IMPLEMENTATIONS = YES;
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+				CLANG_WARN_DOCUMENTATION_COMMENTS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_EMPTY_BODY = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_ENUM_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INFINITE_RECURSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_INT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_NON_LITERAL_NULL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_IMPLICIT_RETAIN_SELF = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_LITERAL_CONVERSION = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_OBJC_ROOT_CLASS = YES_ERROR;
+				CLANG_WARN_QUOTED_INCLUDE_IN_FRAMEWORK_HEADER = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_RANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_STRICT_PROTOTYPES = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_SUSPICIOUS_MOVE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNGUARDED_AVAILABILITY = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				CLANG_WARN_UNREACHABLE_CODE = YES;
+				CLANG_WARN__DUPLICATE_METHOD_MATCH = YES;
+				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
+				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = "dwarf-with-dsym";
+				ENABLE_NS_ASSERTIONS = NO;
+				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
+				GCC_C_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = gnu11;
+				GCC_NO_COMMON_BLOCKS = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_64_TO_32_BIT_CONVERSION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_ABOUT_RETURN_TYPE = YES_ERROR;
+				GCC_WARN_UNDECLARED_SELECTOR = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNINITIALIZED_AUTOS = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_FUNCTION = YES;
+				GCC_WARN_UNUSED_VARIABLE = YES;
+				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 12.0;
+				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
+				MTL_FAST_MATH = YES;
+				SDKROOT = macosx;
+				SWIFT_COMPILATION_MODE = wholemodule;
+				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-O";
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+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GLOBAL_ACCENT_COLOR_NAME = AccentColor;
+				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = vnetMacHost.entitlements;
+				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "Mac Developer";
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
+				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = W5364U7YZB;
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+				ENABLE_USER_SELECTED_FILES = readwrite;
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+				INFOPLIST_FILE = Swift/vnetMacHost/Info.plist;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_NSHumanReadableCopyright = "";
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_NSMainNibFile = MainMenu;
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_NSMicrophoneUsageDescription = "Allow for using audio input devices.";
+				INFOPLIST_KEY_NSPrincipalClass = NSApplication;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
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+					"@executable_path/../Frameworks",
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+				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 14.0;
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.tailscale.vnetMacHost;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = vnetMacHost;
+				PROVISIONING_PROFILE_SPECIFIER = "";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
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+				ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_GLOBAL_ACCENT_COLOR_NAME = AccentColor;
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+				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "Mac Developer";
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
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+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.tailscale.vnetMacHost;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = vnetMacHost;
+				PROVISIONING_PROFILE_SPECIFIER = "";
+				SWIFT_EMIT_LOC_STRINGS = YES;
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
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+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = W5364U7YZB;
+				ENABLE_USER_SELECTED_FILES = readwrite;
+				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 14.0;
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+		};
+		8F87D53726C341AC000EADA4 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			baseConfigurationReference = F4E72614B21833A4E0FE3E98 /* SampleCode.xcconfig */;
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+				CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = "Mac Developer";
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = W5364U7YZB;
+				ENABLE_USER_SELECTED_FILES = readwrite;
+				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 14.0;
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.tailscale.vnetMacHostSetupTool;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				PROVISIONING_PROFILE_SPECIFIER = "";
+				SWIFT_VERSION = 5.0;
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+			name = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
+
+/* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
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+				8F87D52726C34111000EADA4 /* Debug */,
+				8F87D52826C34111000EADA4 /* Release */,
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+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		8F87D52926C34111000EADA4 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "vnetMacHost-Swift" */ = {
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+			buildConfigurations = (
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+				8F87D52B26C34111000EADA4 /* Release */,
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+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		8F87D53526C341AC000EADA4 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "InstallationTool-Swift" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
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+				8F87D53726C341AC000EADA4 /* Release */,
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+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCConfigurationList section */
+	};
+	rootObject = 8F87D51526C34111000EADA4 /* Project object */;
+}

natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>IDEDidComputeMac32BitWarning</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/WorkspaceSettings.xcsettings

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>BuildSystemType</key>
+	<string>Latest</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>

natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/InstallationTool-Swift.xcscheme

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
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+<Scheme
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+   version = "1.3">
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+      buildImplicitDependencies = "YES">
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+            buildForRunning = "YES"
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+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
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+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
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natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/vnetMacHost.xcscheme

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
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+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
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natlab/vnetMacHost/vnetMacHost.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/jnobels.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/xcschememanagement.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
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+	<dict>
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